{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/2n4zg6gh14/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Kriesberg, Louis, Waging Peace"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV203397 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Waging Peace is an April 9, 1984 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Louis Kriesberg. Louis Kriesberg discusses the history of how international conflicts are resolved.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. 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Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Ark"]},"value":{"en":["https://n2t.net/ark:/87292/w9wm13z93"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1984-04-09"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["lectures","Sound"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Kriesberg, Louis (speaker)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio cassette"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Cold War (1945-1989)","Pacific settlement of international disputes","Diplomatic negotiations in international disputes","Conflict management--International cooperation","Public opinion--Political aspects"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Committee on Lectures records (RS 8/6/53) (physical collection)","Iowa State Lectures Series (digital collection)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Waging Peace is an April 9, 1984 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Louis Kriesberg. 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For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/105/826/small/lecture.png?1613512214","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(crowd murmuring)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=5.447,7.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you all for coming today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=7.34,9.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to introduce our speaker for tonight,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=9.47,11.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his name is Louis Kriesberg, he's professor of sociology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=11.3,14.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Syracuse University, he's also currently president","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=14.68,17.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of The Society for the Study of Social Problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=17.59,20.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Professor Kriesberg has numerous publications has,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=20.37,24.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has books including The Sociology of Social","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=24.61,27.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Conflicts, a book called Social Inequality","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=27.11,29.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and is the editor of a, of an annual called research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=29.88,33.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Social Movements, Social Conflicts and Change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=34.13,37.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Professor Kriesberg also has over 50 articles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=37.03,39.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"including articles on public views about Russia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=39.81,42.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about US public arms spending and US foreign policy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=42.95,47.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"articles about promoting peace and conflict resolution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=47.03,50.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and articles about applying sociology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=50.05,52.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to international problems and international relations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=52.19,55.551"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Please join me in welcoming Professor Kriesberg","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=55.551,57.756"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Iowa state, okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=57.756,59.244"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(crowd clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=59.244,61.994"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Ross very modestly omitted that he was a co-author","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=65.2,68.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of some of those papers on US public opinion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=68.32,70.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about arm spending.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=70.64,72.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=79.62,80.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not gonna be talking so scarily about the nuclear war","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=82.689,86.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that some of you couldn't sit closer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=86.39,88.905"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(crowd laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=88.905,91.655"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I am gonna start with a rather haunting image.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=97.94,102.107"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Daniel Ellsberg in his book Protest and Survive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=103.9,108.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"suggests that we may be like the mothers and fathers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=108.16,113.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Jonestown with the cyanide in place rehearsing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=114.21,119.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a murder suicide.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=119.04,120.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He suggested the marches protesting nuclear weapons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=122.9,125.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are doing what the mothers and fathers in Jonestown","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=125.95,129.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"waited too long to say, no not our children","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=129.3,134.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is craziness, we won't be part of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=135.55,138.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He writes that it is none too soon to be saying this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=139.31,142.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the president, prime minister, Jim,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=142.44,144.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chairman Jim Jones's is of the world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=144.95,147.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nor is it yet to light.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=148.45,151.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I say, I'm not gonna go on about the horrors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=153.24,156.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a possible murder suicide that we are rehearsing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=156.9,159.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd rather suggest some possibilities that make us believe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=161.62,166.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it isn't necessary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=166.3,167.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I propose to do is to talk about some efforts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=168.95,173.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which our government and other governments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=173.42,176.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have undertaken the time to deescalate to decrease","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=176.84,180.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the tensions between them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=180.43,182.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm basing it on my own analysis and that of 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examples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=196.43,198.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly from US Soviet relations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=198.73,202.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'd like to begin first of all by pointing out 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deescalated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=215.73,218.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm going to show you for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=218.09,222.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here's some interactions between the United 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data.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=240.97,242.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are events which have been coded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=242.37,245.987"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and categorized and coded of 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symmetrically.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=409.0,410.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I'd propose tonight is to talk about three issues","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=411.96,415.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"try to answer three different 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reciprocated?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=422.19,425.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Second, how is it that some reciprocated efforts result","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=425.67,429.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in agreements and some do not?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=429.09,431.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And third, what are the consequences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=431.34,433.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of having reached agreements between adversaries?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=433.89,436.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My analysis is based on two general ideas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=440.34,444.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First, that conflicts involve many actors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=444.84,447.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a complex web of interlocking conflicts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=447.79,451.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Second, that conflicts are waged not only by coercion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=451.54,456.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also by offers of rewards and by persuasive arguments,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=456.13,459.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll explain each point a little bit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=460.45,463.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First of all, in conflicts between national governments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=463.37,467.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many other parties are involved,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=467.3,470.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of these are separate entities of a parallel kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=470.0,472.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like other governments, governments of allied countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=472.96,476.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"governments of countries ally to the adversary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=476.51,480.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In addition, there are many 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on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=485.05,490.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there are others which encompass the adversary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=493.21,495.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"governments, NATO, Warsaw Pact alliances for 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pertaining","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=640.95,643.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to conflict de-escalation that conflicts are waged","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=643.3,647.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by non-coercive as well as coercive means.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=647.14,650.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We used carrots as well as sticks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=651.01,653.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most of the research in our attention","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=653.64,655.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is on the sticks and lip services said to the idea","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=655.66,659.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we also do use carrots.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=659.24,661.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Coercion includes violence and the threat of violence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=662.51,665.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also nonviolent coercion such as economic boycotts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=665.54,669.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Non-coercion as I'm using it includes persuasion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=670.7,674.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and rewards, rewards or positive sanctions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=674.21,678.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which may be the promises of benefits for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=678.36,681.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trade opportunities, recognition or a concession.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=681.08,683.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And persuasion entails efforts to change the way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=685.62,689.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the adversary views an issue in contention","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=689.81,693.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"perhaps by appeals to shared values or to self-interest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=693.11,698.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's interesting in my own interviewing of diplomats,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=698.26,701.947"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"representatives of governments, they often will talk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=704.95,708.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about how they persuaded the adversary about something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=708.11,712.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I haven't met anybody who admits ever","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=712.2,713.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to having been persuaded of anything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=713.97,716.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Somehow that'd be too shameful to say that the enemy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=716.35,718.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"convinced me of anything but clearly they think that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=718.89,722.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that might work because they keep trying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=722.1,724.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to do it to the other side and presumably people do learn.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=724.15,728.367"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the United States claims that we have convinced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=728.367,731.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Soviets of certain things, we've taught them things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=731.1,734.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they think that they have taught us some things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=734.44,737.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over the years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=737.09,738.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Such non-coercive inducements are seen as useful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=739.79,742.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially when the multiplicity of actors to a conflict","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=742.98,745.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is recognized, positive sanctions and persuasive arguments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=745.84,750.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are likely to be utilized when the adversary is seen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=750.27,752.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a coalition which might be divided","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=752.93,756.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or as including elements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=756.06,757.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with whom mutually satisfactory agreements might be reached.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=757.49,760.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, now I'm gonna turn to the first of the three questions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=762.63,765.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we deal with tonight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=765.54,767.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Under what circumstances do government officials initiate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=768.6,771.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and reciprocate de-escalatory efforts?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=771.61,774.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In general for a government leader to initiate efforts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=776.08,778.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the escalating conflict with an adversary government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=780.92,783.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"requires the concurrence of several domestic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=784.73,787.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and international conditions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=787.6,790.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can argue that domestic support","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=790.2,792.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for de-escalation helps generate government officials","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=792.48,796.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"efforts at de-escalation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=796.14,797.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm gonna point to some public opinion data","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=798.65,803.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United States to illustrate that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=803.21,807.115"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mentioned that we have done some research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=807.115,809.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the changing public opinion about arm spending","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=809.23,814.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but here's a figure, here's a demonstration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=815.47,817.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the changing opinion in the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=817.5,821.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the Soviet Union its based on a question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=821.05,823.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was asked fairly frequently not frequently enough","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=823.78,827.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for my research but frequently enough to get some idea.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=827.87,831.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you rated the country on a scale from one to 10,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=832.09,835.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where would you rate various countries?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=838.38,840.753"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In this case the Soviet Union, from a minus five","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=844.75,849.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a plus five and what is marked here is the percentage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=849.88,854.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of people who gave you their minus five rating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=854.21,858.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is the solid line and you can see in the 1950s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=858.1,861.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nearly everybody in the United States gave the Soviet Union","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=861.43,864.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a minus five rating.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=864.28,865.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And hardly anybody gave it any positive ratings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=866.47,869.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which could be anything positive but gradually in the course","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=869.03,873.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the mid, later 50s and throughout the 60's that 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1960s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=980.46,983.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now in the Soviet Union I don't have comparable data,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=987.6,990.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"surveys are done but as far as I 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KGB","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=998.12,1002.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you apparently used to eavesdrop on people standing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=1002.28,1004.785"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in lines and would collect information that 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Germany's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=1651.64,1656.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Czechoslovakia would be declared a nuclear free zone","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=1657.1,1661.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was rejected immediately by the east, by the,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=1661.21,1665.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the West German government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=1665.01,1666.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and by the United States government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=1666.53,1668.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it was not accompanied with any political gesture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=1669.85,1673.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of any sort nor was president Johnson's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=1673.75,1677.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and secretary of defense McNamara's efforts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=1677.08,1680.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1967 to begin substantive negotiations for ABM and SALT","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=1680.33,1685.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they did not succeed at that point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=1685.83,1688.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, in addition to these cases in which major 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failure,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=1699.81,1702.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there had been a few mutual accommodations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=1703.56,1706.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that had been made without a grand initial gesture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=1706.103,1709.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In some ways I think they talked of the early 1970s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=1709.26,1714.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really occurred without any grand gesture on anybody's 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both","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=1725.34,1727.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the Soviet leadership and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=1727.5,1728.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the American leadership that they didn't need it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=1728.88,1732.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They had a lot of things to trade off finally","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=1733.47,1735.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they were able to do it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=1735.86,1737.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without any particular grand gesture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=1737.3,1739.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there are other times much rarer when 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withdrew.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=1751.09,1754.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, in 1979 and a lot of troops from East Germany","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=1755.48,1759.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they made a big show that there were trains 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another","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2113.41,2117.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and for a while that was clearly successful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2117.54,2121.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Obviously, the policy challenge lies in 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question,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2131.81,2133.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what are the consequences of de-escalatory agreements?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2135.78,2139.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've been talking about them as if they are 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results?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2144.18,2147.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Obviously, there are some disagreements right now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2148.81,2152.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as to whether detente was a good thing for us or 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advantage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2161.92,2165.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Mr. Nixon, Mr. Kissinger continued to think that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2165.01,2169.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we benefited from it, it was a wise strategy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2171.77,2175.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a successful one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2175.64,2176.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not gonna try to wait here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2177.98,2181.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who got what out of it or who got how much of what","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2181.51,2185.277"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but rather look at some consequences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2185.277,2188.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are more general about the nature","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2188.24,2191.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the relationship between the adversaries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2191.35,2193.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"following any kind of de-escalatory move.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2193.71,2197.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm gonna focus on several possible 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here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2647.34,2650.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for their products.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2650.82,2652.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you ever get a chance to read a little piece","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2656.22,2658.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by David Riesman on The Nylon War do so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2658.51,2662.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he has a great explanation for this phenomenon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2662.01,2664.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e There was an increase and then it fell?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2667.26,2670.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e There was was large scale increase after the with data","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2670.1,2675.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and interestingly that has continued at least up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2675.47,2679.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until the 80, 1981 despite boycotts, despite Mr. Reagan,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2679.22,2684.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"despite the turning away from the Soviet Union","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2684.5,2688.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the at beginning in the mid 70s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2688.77,2692.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and towards the end of the 70s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2692.34,2694.174"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was something more lasting about this once","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2694.174,2698.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this very fundamental shift that occurred during detente.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2698.42,2701.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you take, if you look at US in Soviet military spending","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2704.953,2709.257"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the patterns are different one,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2711.31,2713.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Soviet and US military expenditures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2713.34,2715.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in constant dollars have tended to increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2715.53,2718.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since the beginning of the Cold War.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2718.8,2721.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"US expenditures rose greatly in conjunction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2721.18,2723.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with its Wars and Korea and Vietnam.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2723.57,2725.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Soviet expenditures after rising in the early 1950s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2725.93,2730.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were generally fat with small fluctuation during the 1950s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2730.49,2735.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then they rose in the early 1960s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2735.43,2737.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"again, flattened until they began to rise steadily","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2737.69,2740.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the later 1960s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2740.64,2742.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Domestic dynamics are important in each country in affecting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2743.4,2746.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these trends, but there are also some indications","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2746.67,2749.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a little bit of constraint in arm spending related","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2749.77,2753.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the de-escalatory efforts and agreements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2753.56,2756.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the Soviet Union and the later 1950s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2756.47,2759.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and maybe even a shade of constraint in the 1970s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2759.39,2763.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during the detente period, when it didn't increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2765.21,2770.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at quite the same rate that it had been increasing ever","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2770.4,2773.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since the later 1960s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2773.3,2776.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Apparently the big surge began in the later 1960s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2778.08,2782.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when Brezhnev was in power partly in response","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2782.35,2785.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many people believe to their embarrassment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2785.81,2789.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2790.08,2792.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think looking at these from the perspective","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2796.98,2799.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of thirty-five years US Soviet de-escalatory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=2799.44,2802.68"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22913/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/913/original/AV203397_Waging_Peace_a.vtt?1613512231","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/913/original/AV203397_Waging_Peace_a.vtt?1613512231"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22914","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203397_Waging_Peace_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826/transcript/22914/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Thank you all for coming today. I'd like to introduce our speaker for tonight, his name is Louis Kriesberg, he's professor of sociology at Syracuse University, he's also currently president of The Society for the Study of Social Problems. Professor Kriesberg has numerous publications has, has books including The Sociology of Social Conflicts, a book called Social Inequality and is the editor of a, of an annual called research Social Movements, Social Conflicts and Change. Professor Kriesberg also has over 50 articles including articles on public views about Russia, about US public arms spending and US foreign policy, articles about promoting peace and conflict resolution and articles about applying sociology to international problems and international relations. Please join me in welcoming Professor Kriesberg to Iowa state, okay.\r\n\r\n- Ross very modestly omitted that he was a co-author of some of those papers on US public opinion about arm spending. Okay I'm not gonna be talking so scarily about the nuclear war that some of you couldn't sit closer. But I am gonna start with a rather haunting image. Daniel Ellsberg in his book Protest and Survive suggests that we may be like the mothers and fathers of Jonestown with the cyanide in place rehearsing for a murder suicide. He suggested the marches protesting nuclear weapons are doing what the mothers and fathers in Jonestown waited too long to say, no not our children this is craziness, we won't be part of it. He writes that it is none too soon to be saying this to the president, prime minister, Jim, Chairman Jim Jones's is of the world, nor is it yet to light. I say, I'm not gonna go on about the horrors of a possible murder suicide that we are rehearsing. I'd rather suggest some possibilities that make us believe that it isn't necessary. What I propose to do is to talk about some efforts which our government and other governments have undertaken the time to deescalate to decrease the tensions between them. I'm basing it on my own analysis and that of others on the US Soviet relations and on the Israeli air relations but I'm gonna be drawing tonight examples particularly from US Soviet relations. And I'd like to begin first of all by pointing out that, there really have been periods when things have cooled down or heated up whatever metaphors you wanna use, where the tensions have escalated at times and, and deescalated. And I'm going to show you for example, here's some interactions between the United States and the Soviet Union since world war 2. These data are CODAP data that is data collected by Edward Azar and his associates of conflict and peace DataBank data. There are events which have been coded and categorized and coded of conflict which refers to the, an event which has been characterized as conflictful and the numbers on the left-hand side indicate the magnitude of the interaction which is the number of times and the intensity of the interaction. And you see 1948 was a big conflict year in terms of the Soviet interactions towards the United States. The dotted line were co-operative years and you can see that say in, in 1955 there was a rather relatively high rate of co-operative interactions by the Soviet Union towards the US. It was a year in which the nuclear, which the Austrian State Treaty was signed a treaty in which the United States, United Kingdom, France and the Soviet Union agreed to remove their occupation forces from Austria. And also you see in the later fifties there's continued to be a relatively high degree of co-operative action by the Soviet Union, it was a period of Khrushchev's peaceful coexistence campaigns. And then of course, in the 1970s you have the period of detente where the level of cooperation was relatively high and the level of conflict was relatively low and that went on until the mid 1970s, this status goes up to 78 which was the beginning of the end of detente. Have a similar chart for the United States interaction towards the Soviet Union and interestingly in some ways it's parallel 48 was a big conflict year. 1955 was relatively more cooperation also but also a lot of conflict, 1963 was a relatively high cooperation relative to the conflict because the conflict also dropped. That was the year of the Partial Nuclear Test Ban agreement between the United States, the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom and then again, the big period of detente with co-operation exceeding conflict. Okay, so there have been periods where it's been up and down not always symmetrically. What I'd propose tonight is to talk about three issues try to answer three different questions. First, under what circumstances are deescalating attempts initiated and when are they reciprocated? Second, how is it that some reciprocated efforts result in agreements and some do not? And third, what are the consequences of having reached agreements between adversaries? My analysis is based on two general ideas. First, that conflicts involve many actors in a complex web of interlocking conflicts. Second, that conflicts are waged not only by coercion but also by offers of rewards and by persuasive arguments, I'll explain each point a little bit. First of all, in conflicts between national governments many other parties are involved, some of these are separate entities of a parallel kind like other governments, governments of allied countries, governments of countries ally to the adversary. In addition, there are many entities within each government, departments of defense, foreign offices, political parties, congresses and so on. And there are others which encompass the adversary governments, NATO, Warsaw Pact alliances for example. And there are even other entities which cross-cut the adversary countries linking portions of them together for example, ethnic groups, Jews in the Soviet Union, in the United States and in other countries or Ukrainians in the Soviet Union, in the United States and elsewhere or political parties, Christian democrats or socialists or communists or trading partners or companies with investments like multinational corporations and so on. Who have interests, allegiances ties which bind them across national boundaries. The multiplicity of entities has several implications, it provides the basis for many bonds and cleavages and that's the basis for cooperation as well as conflict. Consequently, every conflict between governments is embedded in many other conflicts which cross-cut, encompass and otherwise interlock with it. Primary attention may be given to one conflict by the partisans and it appears to them to be two-sided. This is conducive to believing that the conflict is zero-sum that is what one side gains is at the expense of the other. But the multiplicity of conflict means that which one is focal can shift so it becomes less salient and another becomes more important. The multiplicity of conflicts also means that conflicts are never only two-sided and zero-sum, it's always possible to discern common bonds and mutually beneficial outcomes for some entities in adversary camps. For example, even in the US Soviet conflict there have been times when Kennedy and Khrushchev seem to have common interest in disagreement with some of their respective military officer's concerned about nuclear weapons, at other times Soviet and American nuclear scientists seem to share positions not shared by their governments. And from another perspective the American and Soviet governments share being large economic and military powers in some ways an opposition to the developing countries. The multiplicity of conflicts is related to the second basic idea pertaining to conflict de-escalation that conflicts are waged by non-coercive as well as coercive means. We used carrots as well as sticks, most of the research in our attention is on the sticks and lip services said to the idea that we also do use carrots. Coercion includes violence and the threat of violence but also nonviolent coercion such as economic boycotts. Non-coercion as I'm using it includes persuasion and rewards, rewards or positive sanctions which may be the promises of benefits for example, trade opportunities, recognition or a concession. And persuasion entails efforts to change the way the adversary views an issue in contention perhaps by appeals to shared values or to self-interest. It's interesting in my own interviewing of diplomats, representatives of governments, they often will talk about how they persuaded the adversary about something but I haven't met anybody who admits ever to having been persuaded of anything. Somehow that'd be too shameful to say that the enemy convinced me of anything but clearly they think that, that might work because they keep trying to do it to the other side and presumably people do learn. And the United States claims that we have convinced the Soviets of certain things, we've taught them things and they think that they have taught us some things over the years. Such non-coercive inducements are seen as useful especially when the multiplicity of actors to a conflict is recognized, positive sanctions and persuasive arguments are likely to be utilized when the adversary is seen as a coalition which might be divided or as including elements with whom mutually satisfactory agreements might be reached. Okay, now I'm gonna turn to the first of the three questions that we deal with tonight. Under what circumstances do government officials initiate and reciprocate de-escalatory efforts? In general for a government leader to initiate efforts at the escalating conflict with an adversary government requires the concurrence of several domestic and international conditions. You can argue that domestic support for de-escalation helps generate government officials efforts at de-escalation. And I'm gonna point to some public opinion data in the United States to illustrate that, I mentioned that we have done some research on the changing public opinion about arm spending but here's a figure, here's a demonstration of the changing opinion in the United States about the Soviet Union its based on a question which was asked fairly frequently not frequently enough for my research but frequently enough to get some idea. If you rated the country on a scale from one to 10, where would you rate various countries? In this case the Soviet Union, from a minus five to a plus five and what is marked here is the percentage of people who gave you their minus five rating which is the solid line and you can see in the 1950s nearly everybody in the United States gave the Soviet Union a minus five rating. And hardly anybody gave it any positive ratings which could be anything positive but gradually in the course of the mid, later 50s and throughout the 60's that changed and by the end of the 60s there was substantial proportions of people in the United States who would give some kind of positive rating to the Soviet Union. And only a large but not an overwhelming percentage who had absolutely negative view towards the Soviet Union. And then see during the time period that increased further towards the middle of the 70s there was a collapse but not back to where it was before. The shift towards more approval and less antagonism toward the Soviet Union during the mid 50s and throughout the 60s to some extent had its own autonomous domestic sources. It was not a response to particularly good sweet behavior on the part of the Russians and the Russian government. It's true that Khrushchev had launched a period of a campaign of peaceful coexistence but I think that a good source of that change came from domestic forces perhaps a reaction to the anti-communist history of McCarthyism during the mid 50s. Just general trend towards liberalism and a little more greater tolerance for different styles or different ways of living which occurred quite broadly in the United States in the 1960s. Now in the Soviet Union I don't have comparable data, surveys are done but as far as I know at least I have not been able to get access to any such public opinion data in the old days of KGB you apparently used to eavesdrop on people standing in lines and would collect information that way. Now there are sociologists who do the surveys but it's, but I don't know of any that are based on these kinds of data that are relating to these kinds of questions. So the inferences that one makes about domestic pressures in the Soviet Union are more influential but there are indications that at various times there've been more or less interest on the part of the Soviet leaders in de-escalation partly in response to their views of what were the domestic pressures for example, Khrushchev explains in his memoirs his decision in the later 1950s to reduce military expenses. And he cut the army by about one third during that period he says, \"why did we have to reduce unilaterally?\" Because we didn't want to give our adversary an opportunity to exhaust this economically without war by forcing us to compete with them in never ending arms race. Even if we couldn't convince them to disarm themselves and to give up the idea of a war as a means of political pressure at least we could demonstrate our own peaceful intentions and at the same time free some of our resources for the development of our industry, the production of consumer goods and the improvement of living standards. In the early 1970s, also there seemed to be a great deal of interest on the part of the Soviet leaders to try to improve the standard of living and they seem to think that access to western technology and even some forms of investment in aid would be very attractive and very helpful to them. So I think that in most cases when government officials initiate or reciprocate the escalatory efforts there is some domestic support. But the support is never complete, many groups within each society oppose the efforts as appeasement or as mistakenly yielding too much for what is presumed to be gained. Such opposition can be more readily overcome when the government official has a reputation for toughness or is based on a party of your facts and has generally taken a hard line. For example, John Kennedy could be conciliatory towards the Soviet leaders in 1963 with less political risk because of his handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 than he could without it or Nixon of course is another well-known example. Of course, the problem is that the hardliner may not take any de-escalatetory initiatives many people have observed that President Reagan would have a great deal of opportunity to take a de-escalatetory move and assure himself a re-election. He seemed to forego that opportunity however. Furthermore, a government official need not be a hardliner to pursue a conciliatory course if the domestic support is sufficiently wide and deep. For example, when Willy Brandt who was the head of the Social Democratic Party in Germany came to power in the federal Republic of Germany in 1969 he had support for his policy of accommodation with Eastern Europe his, his ostpolitik because he, he ran an election based on that and he won the election and clearly there was a mandate to do that from the people. But in addition to domestic support the international context must be conducive. Often, this means a shift in the relative salience of the focal conflict. When the struggle with one adversary becomes subordinated to a struggle against a common enemy or another fight demands attention de-escalation is likely. That's in 1969 Soviet and Chinese troops fired upon each other along the Ussuri river in Siberia and US war in Vietnam had become divisive in the United States. Detente between the US and the Soviet governments could be seen as useful to each of them in dealing with the other conflicts that they faced. Finally, allied governments or other world scale actors may have interests which are supportive of de-escalatory efforts. For example, in 1969 when the Social Democratic Party had was in the government in Germany and sought accommodation with the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries that facilitated the American movement towards detente. Compare that to the situation in the 1950s, when they were some efforts towards de-escalation on the part of the Soviet Union and the United States was not responsive partly because of domestic reasons at that point the cold war and anti-communist consensus was, was extraordinarily widespread deep. But also because of the nature of the relationships with the, with the West German government at that time. A move towards accommodation would have been an undermining of the policy of our great ally in Western Germany, the Christian Democratic Party led by Konrad Adenauer. In short for government officials to initiate or to reciprocate a de-escalatory effort requires a convergence of many factors. Now, not every factor must be simultaneously supportive for de-escalation. For example, in 1969 again at the beginning of detente for the Soviet Union, they were interested but their ally the East German government at that point still was not but they went ahead anyway and they got rid eventually of the head of the communist party, the head of the government in East Germany. There are a good number of configurations different sets of factors which may be enough to make it possible in dete, in the case of detente there was a convergence of a great number of forces at the same time both internationally and domestically. As Kissinger said in his memoirs when they came in, when he and, he and president Nixon came into power together they force for some kind of peace initiatives from the American people were palpable. They thought they had to do something, they had to do something about de-escalatory kind. Other times the configuration may simply be more focused on a specific issue for example, in 1963 the Limited Test Ban agreement was partly response to the particular crises that had occurred in with the Cuban Missile Crisis earlier and partly a result of the public concern about a particular matter, the pollution of the air through radioactive fallout. I had a couple of young kids at that point and we were rather nervous and hysterical about the kids drinking Strontium-90 with their milk. So there are a variety of different configurations that can make it possible to initiate or to reciprocate. The second question is under what circumstances do these kinds of conciliatory efforts actually result in an agreement? There were many other initiatives which than the ones I've mentioned that did not reach any agreement. I think there are two issues that are particularly important in actually reaching an agreement. First, the role of some kind of conciliatory gesture on the part of one or more parties. And second, the way in which the negotiations are conducted. The non-coercive inducements are, play an important role in deescalating tensions, promising or granting concessions makes it possible for the adversary to offer in reciprocation what otherwise would not be yielded even under threat. Such initial concessions or promises of concessions may be signaled privately or boldly depending upon each parties calculations of constituency and adversarial responses. Orvet, unilateral conciliatory gestures can play an important role in initiating de-escalatory changes. For example, take the Nuclear Test Ban agreement in 1963 that treaty followed a chain of interactions greatly enhanced by President Kennedy's American University speech in June, 1963 and that speech Kennedy acknowledged a kind of parity with the Soviets and even suggested the possibility that the US might share some responsibility for the Cold War. He also announced a halt of nuclear tests in the atmosphere as long as the Soviet also did not conduct such tests. The speech had followed privately conveyed messages from Khrushchev that he was interested in the test ban agreement and wanted some kind of gesture and Khrushchev responded immediately to that speech with his own conciliatory gestures and a treaty was signed very quickly thereafter in August of 63. Of course, the visit of President Sadat to Jerusalem in November 77 is an outstanding example of the use of this grand gesture of a conciliatory sort. There have been some peace initiatives which have lacked a comparable bold gesture and have, they have failed to be reciprocated, now there may be other reasons for their failure but the lack of unequivocal conciliatory gesture probably contributed to the failure. For example, of President Sadat's peace initiative of February, 1971 of the Rapacki Plan for a nuclear free central Europe that was in 1957 when the foreign minister of Poland Rapacki suggested that Poland the two Germany's and Czechoslovakia would be declared a nuclear free zone was rejected immediately by the east, by the, by the West German government and by the United States government. But it was not accompanied with any political gesture of any sort nor was president Johnson's and secretary of defense McNamara's efforts in 1967 to begin substantive negotiations for ABM and SALT and they did not succeed at that point. Okay, in addition to these cases in which major gestures were associated with significant mutual accommodations and the absence of such gestures with a failure, there had been a few mutual accommodations that had been made without a grand initial gesture. In some ways I think they talked of the early 1970s really occurred without any grand gesture on anybody's part. I think in that case there were so many forces that were operating simultaneously both on the Soviet leadership and on the American leadership that they didn't need it. They had a lot of things to trade off finally and they were able to do it without any particular grand gesture. And there are other times much rarer when gestures have not been successful in, in getting any kind of response when the Soviet government withdrew. For example, in 1979 and a lot of troops from East Germany they made a big show that there were trains going and people throwing flowers and a big withdrawal of troops, I suspect that none of you heard about it, anybody hear about that? No. Well, okay. There were a few of, but it did not attract a great deal of attention and there was no reciprocation to it, it was a kind of a gesture was looked, it was offered that way to, to be reciprocated but it did not succeed. The underlying conflict structure must be conducive for an accommodation, presuming that it is skillfully executed by the adversaries and intermediaries. Deescalation can occur when the primary conflict appears to the adversaries to be not zero-sum but to involve possible mutual benefits to them. The perception of joint gains or losses arises for the adversaries when other conflicts in which they are engaged shift to increase salience. In addition to initiating gestures, attainment, attaining an agreement is affected by the role played by intermediaries and the use of appropriate negotiation strategies and skills. Now, there are many people who can play intermediary roles heads of governments, representatives of international governmental organizations such as the UN, non-governmental organizations such as Pugwash which is a group of scientists of US, Soviet, British and others who have been meeting for many years now and informally. Even members and this I think is particularly interesting when it occurs, even members of one adversary side may serve as a kind of intermediary in talking with their counterparts in the adversary camp. The most elegant example of this occurred during the Camp David negotiations which Jimmy Carter handled between Sadat and Begin. There were members of the Israeli delegation notably to Weizmann who was able to establish a relationship with Sadat which enabled him to act as a kind of intermediary between Sadat and Begin and Sadat was kind of an intermediary with Weizmann for some of the harder liner, hard-line people in his own delegation. Intermediaries can carry out many activities, they can transmit information make possible solutions prominent, save face and accepting a compromise as Jimmy Carter did at Camp David at various times. And also add some resources to sweeten the deal which again the United States has done several times in the middle East. In the US Soviet conflict the absence of possible powerful mediators reduces the options available for creating solutions, it's hard to find anybody to sweeten the deal for us. Nevertheless, some intermediary functions are performed by international governmental organizations, representatives of other governments, and also unofficial intermediaries such as the Pugwash group. The task in a successful de-escalatory negotiations is to convert what appears to be a dispute into at least partly a shared problem, then the possibility arises of solving the problem and discovering a win-win or integrative solution, how many strategies have been suggested to bring this about? Sometimes the suggestions are contradictory for example, it's suggested that breaking apart a dispute into separate items and dealing with each in isolation facilitates the resolution, the strategy is to decouple disputes and handle them separately. This policy is sometimes been used in conjunction with arms control negotiations, we say arms control is too serious a matter to be interfered with by other considerations we will deal only with these particular weapons. But there is a different strategy that is also suggested to link one issue with another so that you can trade off one for the other. Okay, I'll give you in on this one if you will give in on that one. President Sadat's 1967 move serve to decouple the Israeli Egyptian conflict from many other conflicts in the Middle East. He took it out of the context incidentally that Jimmy Carter had tried to impose earlier, Jimmy Carter had been pushing for a comprehensive agreement about the Middle East to have a comprehensive peace conference. I think that was so worrisome indeed to President Sadat, Prime Minister Begin that that was an incentive for them to meet and try to handle it themselves in the US Soviet conflict decoupling can be pointed to as contributing to the achievements of the Austrian State Treaty and a Partial Nuclear Test Ban agreement. And linkages have often been associated with failure but there have been times particularly in the case of the general detente in which there was a great deal of linkage conducted and Kissinger made that his grand strategy to trade one point off against another and for a while that was clearly successful. Obviously, the policy challenge lies in assessing when decoupling is appropriate and when it is not. I turned out to the third question, what are the consequences of de-escalatory agreements? I've been talking about them as if they are necessarily a good thing or are they? Do always have good results? Obviously, there are some disagreements right now as to whether detente was a good thing for us or not. Mr. Reagan seems to believe that it was all a terrible mistake and we were taking advantage of Mr. Nixon, Mr. Kissinger continued to think that we benefited from it, it was a wise strategy and a successful one. I'm not gonna try to wait here, who got what out of it or who got how much of what but rather look at some consequences which are more general about the nature of the relationship between the adversaries following any kind of de-escalatory move. I'm gonna focus on several possible consequences. First of all, to what extent do they endure and are they affected? And then what other possible extension and consequences for relations generally do they lead to further agreements does public and elite opinion become more or less favorable toward the adversary? Does trade develop with the, with the escalation? Does military spending rise and fall with the escalation and de-escalation and is confrontational conduct constraint? First, these agreements they the ones between the US and the Soviet Union that have been reached, once signed they have not been repudiated. In fact, I say signed and not, I don't even say ratify because United States has continued to adhere to treaties with the Soviet Union which had been signed but not ratified. We continue to adhere essentially to the SALT 2 agreement which was signed by President Carter and Premier Brezhnev and even under president Reagan we continue to adhere to the treaty even though it has been not been ratified by the Senate. There were agreements regarding nuclear weapons, testing and weapons limits have been adhered to, at least essentially and if you look even at the current accusations by the regular administration about Soviet government about violations. Violations are peripheral if they exist and are mostly ambiguous, they're not substantial even if they occurred. Other kinds of agreements have more varied records, many have been adhered to with little controversy the Austrian State Treaty, the cultural and scientific exchange agreements had been without controversy. Others have been very controversial after they've been signed there is the Final Act of the Helsinki agreement which the basic borders of Eastern Europe and Central Europe were finally agreed to has become more subject to controversy partly because of the part, one set of the provisions which give the right to discuss human rights conditions throughout in all the signatory countries. Other agreements have become essentially dead letters though it was as part of the detente period in agreement called an agreement on basic principles signed in 1972 by Nixon and Brezhnev and that agreement supposedly laid out rules of conduct between the Soviet Union and the United States. But by 1973 already people considered it a dead letter and nobody paid it, everybody agreed that the other had violated it. The effect in these agreements also varies. It's widely recognized that the arms control agreements have not limited the growing capability of the Soviet and American governments to wage annihilating nuclear war. They have however, ended the release of radioactivity in the atmosphere by US Soviet and British nuclear weapons testing, the French and Chinese continue to do that. They have also channeled and some expenditures away from weapons systems which might've been de-stabilizing and wasteful such as the anti-ballistic missile system, the ABM system. But the purpose of arms control agreements have always been broader, than limiting nuclear capabilities, they've always had status, social status and political meaning. Plus they have served to acknowledge super power parity between the Soviet and American government, a recognition that was always a very important Soviet objective. The arms control agreements might also serve as a demonstration that agreements were possible and hence make it easier to make additional agreements and that was true of the nuclear test ban agreement in 1963, there were a number of other agreements that followed because we'd see that we could make an agreement with the Soviet Union. In agreements in areas not pertaining to arms control, there've been quite varied in effectiveness. Obviously, the Austrian State Treaty has been complied with by the signatory powers and on the other hand the basic principles agreement of 1972, was viewed as violated by both the Soviet and the American government very quickly after it was signed. To what degree the major agreements were followed by additional ones or by others, is a primary subject of this last question that I'm raising and I, I'm only gonna refer briefly to some areas if you want it in the question period you can or we can pursue some of them in more detail. I wanna look at the views of each of the other trade military expenditures and hostile actions. As I mentioned, we do have some data about public opinion in the United States towards the Soviet Union and if you look at that public opinion you look at it now in terms of consequences you see that, there was some increased in approval of the Soviet Union at the beginning of detente. But shortly into detente public opinion seemed to turn against the Soviet Union and interestingly that pattern is also discernible from analysis that I've made of Israeli data towards Egypt, West German data about the Soviet Union, French state about the Soviet Union. A little bit of de-escalation seems to make for more approval but when there's been a rather large increase in de-escalation, apparently expectations are raised for improvements which are then dashed. And there's a kind of reaction away from the detente or the de-escalation the conciliation that, that had emerged.\r\n\r\n- Those are figures on trade, this shows the US imports from the USSR of proportion of all imports and US exports to the USSR as a proportion of all exports.\r\n\r\n- Now you see there was like a big spurt up of US exports to the Soviet Union in 64 that was following the agreement of 63. We had a great agreement notice very little imports from the Soviet Union not much market here for their products. If you ever get a chance to read a little piece by David Riesman on The Nylon War do so he has a great explanation for this phenomenon.\r\n\r\n- There was an increase and then it fell?\r\n\r\n- There was was large scale increase after the with data and interestingly that has continued at least up until the 80, 1981 despite boycotts, despite Mr. Reagan, despite the turning away from the Soviet Union and the at beginning in the mid 70s and towards the end of the 70s. There was something more lasting about this once this very fundamental shift that occurred during detente. If you take, if you look at US in Soviet military spending the patterns are different one, Soviet and US military expenditures in constant dollars have tended to increase since the beginning of the Cold War. US expenditures rose greatly in conjunction with its Wars and Korea and Vietnam. Soviet expenditures after rising in the early 1950s were generally fat with small fluctuation during the 1950s then they rose in the early 1960s again, flattened until they began to rise steadily in the later 1960s. Domestic dynamics are important in each country in affecting these trends, but there are also some indications of a little bit of constraint in arm spending related to the de-escalatory efforts and agreements by the Soviet Union and the later 1950s and maybe even a shade of constraint in the 1970s during the detente period, when it didn't increase at quite the same rate that it had been increasing ever since the later 1960s. Apparently the big surge began in the later 1960s when Brezhnev was in power partly in response many people believe to their embarrassment during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. I think looking at these from the perspective of thirty-five years US Soviet de-escalatory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105826#t=0.0,2807.184"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - AV203397_Waging_Peace_b.mp3"]},"duration":1466.04,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/105/827/small/lecture.png?1613512234","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/105/827/original/AV203397_Waging_Peace_b.mp3?1613512234","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":1466.04,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203397_Waging_Peace_b.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e It's have become more significant, mutual,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=5.39,7.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"broader and longer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=7.92,9.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The knowledge about managing de-escalation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=9.56,11.647"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the vested interest in pursuing it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=11.647,14.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have grown with each period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=14.06,15.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There have been reactions to each period","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=16.86,18.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that in some ways have meant renewed escalation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=18.723,21.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but with the exception of military spending,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=22.19,25.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these reactions have not meant moving back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=25.08,27.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to levels of accommodation below what they had been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=27.93,31.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prior to the de-escalatory effort.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=31.22,33.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The moving toward accommodation between adversaries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=35.4,37.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not a steady unilinear path.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=37.87,41.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The very reaching of an agreement can reduce the need","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=41.63,44.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for further de-escalation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=44.29,45.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=45.83,46.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we signed the Partial Nuclear Test Ban agreement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=46.663,49.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That reduced the effort, the public outcry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=50.709,53.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a comprehensive agreement because the public","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=53.53,56.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was concerned about the Strontium-90,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=56.41,58.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the radio activity in the atmosphere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=58.97,60.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And once that was taken care of,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=60.46,62.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the pressure for further agreement was reduced.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=62.08,65.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So to conclude, the initiation of de-escalatory initiatives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=69.37,73.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and their reciprocation require the concurrence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=73.61,76.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of several supportive 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conflicts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=152.95,156.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the diversity of inducements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=156.05,157.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are employed in waging 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conflicts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=162.66,165.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can significantly contribute","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=165.75,167.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the de-escalation of each one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=167.09,169.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The multiplicity factors also means","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=171.55,175.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that no one group determines the course of a conflict","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=175.15,179.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or how and when it escalates or deescalates,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=179.62,183.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the course of the conflict is a resultant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=183.21,185.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a welter of forces supporting, undermining","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=185.75,188.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and countering each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=188.68,190.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What each person, group, organization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=190.53,193.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or government agency does contributes perhaps crucially","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=193.96,197.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the initiation, reciprocation, extension or failure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=197.84,202.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the de-escalatory moves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=202.17,204.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have one other (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=204.14,207.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"potential in light of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=211.153,212.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the telephone number of President Reagan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=213.895,216.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I suggest that you too can do something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=218.42,221.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if you feel irritated about something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=221.63,224.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or pleased about something call him up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=224.47,226.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That somebody will answer the phone and very...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=229.19,231.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And listen to you and take down what you say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=233.01,235.257"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and be very deferential to your opinion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=235.257,238.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you don't wanna spend the money to call,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=238.65,241.514"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can write a postcard, write a letter,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=241.514,244.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=244.27,245.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are lots of things that people can do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=245.103,247.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay. I would be happy to elaborate any of the matters","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=249.15,254.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I've mentioned or other things related to this issue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=254.24,258.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you have any questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=258.35,259.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Should I? Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=268.25,269.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I'm thinking about the constant conflict","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=271.192,275.192"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with families or tribes or ethnic groups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=276.418,279.751"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like the Muslims and the Hindus like the Jews","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=280.822,284.572"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Christians and the Jews and the muslims.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=285.577,289.134"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How do you get a conciliatory gesture in that kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=289.134,293.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of situation where you've got centuries and centuries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=293.16,295.766"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of conflicts and retaliation seems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=295.766,298.732"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be the only principle working.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=298.732,301.482"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know if that's working either.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=304.314,306.554"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Obviously (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=306.554,308.581"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I know what you mean.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=308.581,310.498"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the same things hold,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=313.981,318.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's when you're dealing with non-governmental actors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=318.26,323.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's less clear who can speak for that entity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=323.09,327.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and part of the problem, I think in say, in Lebanon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=328.571,331.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the different factions will meet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=331.3,336.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is that sometimes those old men who are meeting in Luzon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=336.12,339.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are not speaking for the young gunfighters","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=339.92,342.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Beirut and they may have to watch out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=342.92,347.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so they don't get too far ahead or behind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=347.11,349.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of their followers and are not able","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=349.17,353.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to take some kinds of initiative.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=353.87,355.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But they is the same of possibilities and there are gestures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=355.84,359.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are made, it may be the gesture simply","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=359.5,362.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of returning some prisoners,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=364.617,366.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is often has been a signal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=368.2,370.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for some further conciliation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=370.71,373.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those conflicts too do wind down, they wind up and down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=375.65,377.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that not always at the same level of intensity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=377.91,381.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think the fundamental processes are different,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=381.44,385.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is more difficulty in knowing who can speak for whom","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=385.76,390.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but to some extent we have that even with governments,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=390.08,393.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not always clear who is speaking for the US","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=393.08,395.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or who's speaking for the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=395.87,397.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=403.48,404.491"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I noticed in your graphs, they're educating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=404.491,406.637"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in giving the number of corporations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=406.637,409.637"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the number of conflicts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=410.578,413.001"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That the number of conflicts, the number","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=413.001,414.481"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of corporations is in the speak at the same time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=414.481,418.564"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Not always, but sometimes it's true and that's...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=419.897,423.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, let me take, look at a couple of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=426.02,428.507"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"During the daytime period of 72,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=428.507,430.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"73, 74 conflict behavior on both the part","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=434.288,438.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Soviet Union and US was low","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=438.6,442.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and cooperation was relatively high.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=442.61,445.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in some of the other periods, you're right","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=445.28,447.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they've kinda seem to go up with each other...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=447.13,449.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Go together, and those are oftentimes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=449.73,452.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when nothing really substantial occurred,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=452.13,455.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I refer to the Soviet conciliatory gestures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=455.24,459.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the later 50's, and there were a number of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=459.04,463.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But on the chart, you would see that at that same period","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=464.84,469.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of time, the Soviet conflict behavior was very high.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=469.53,474.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because even though at the same time that Khrushchev","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=479.013,483.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was urging a peaceful coexistence campaign.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=483.4,487.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was also being very truculent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=487.73,489.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as far as United States was concerned,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=489.53,491.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there were Berlin crises,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=491.75,493.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there were pushing things which he argued was part","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=493.51,497.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the normalization of relations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=497.4,499.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, part of the reason for that kind of inconsistency","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=500.37,503.997"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that you've got a multiple set of conflicts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=506.33,509.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was being very difficult for Khrushchev","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=509.39,511.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to simply be conciliatory towards the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=511.38,514.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He could not probably keep domestic 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constituents,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=567.49,569.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say yeah, it's just propaganda.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=569.19,571.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You're just trying to trick 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question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=607.58,610.352"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.\nOr not?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=610.352,611.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=611.81,613.291"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e So when in this charts we talking about conflicts,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=613.291,616.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then conflicts are necessary bad","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=616.263,618.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they could be the just gestures put forth 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USSR.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=625.47,630.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, if you look at what Khrushchev was doing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=630.09,632.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during the 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forces","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=683.56,685.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to use their language.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=685.57,687.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They achieved strategic nuclear parity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=687.35,690.314"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and at that point the United States sat down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=690.314,692.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and bargain with them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=692.07,693.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's another possible analysis of what happened.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=693.6,696.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=697.53,698.526"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well often de-escalation work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=698.526,699.976"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in reduction of conflict wars weapons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=699.976,703.059"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are inheritably de-estabilizing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=706.593,709.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I think as this analysis indicates, lots of things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=709.203,714.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go on and their own dynamics, their own cycles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=714.6,717.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the weapons stuff does have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=722.91,726.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a tremendous dynamics of its own.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=726.7,728.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In many cases, we shouldn't really talk about an arms race.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=728.85,732.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Each side is driven very much on its own,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=734.74,737.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there's very little relationship actually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=737.37,740.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between what one side does and the other side does.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=740.06,743.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's people who've examined this argue a great deal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=743.28,746.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that nobody's really got it can prove","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=746.92,750.508"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by quantitative analysis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=750.508,754.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very convincingly that there is an arms race.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=754.08,757.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have much more each side pursuing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=757.1,759.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"its own dynamics of expansion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=759.31,761.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, sometimes that has contributed to de-escalation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=764.7,769.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the assumptions to the Soviet argument","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=771.11,773.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the escalation finally occurred","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=773.5,775.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the time finally occurred","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=775.61,777.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they did reach nuclear parity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=777.14,779.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, the United States was interested in an ABM","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=779.99,782.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and assault agreement when the Soviet Union was clearly...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=782.85,786.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The only way to slow things down was to say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=786.83,788.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"okay let's freeze it, which is what we did with SALT one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=788.73,792.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Particular weapon systems may be very destabilizing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=793.52,796.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and maybe at some point people say that's gets,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=796.22,799.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's getting scary, you know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=799.99,803.087"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And at that point that might be a reason","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=803.087,806.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for slowing things down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=808.41,810.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From the historical cases that are drawn from it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=810.73,813.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can see two possibilities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=813.28,814.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one possibility is like the Cuban missile crisis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=814.98,818.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have a big crisis and that scares everybody.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=818.03,821.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course, we may not only be scared to death,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=823.52,827.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we may get killed in the next crisis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=827.47,829.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But that's one possible scenario,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=831.23,833.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the other is that a lot of other conditions do emerge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=833.18,836.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which make it seem really in everybody's interest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=836.47,839.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to cool things down some and you can...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=839.55,842.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's easy enough for me at least to point to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=842.63,845.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of reasons for such a de-escalatory move,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=845.73,849.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even now, but obviously that is not shared","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=850.43,853.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the government leaders,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=853.96,856.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"might be shared by the public in a short time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=857.0,860.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then there could be pressure that would lead","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=862.13,865.209"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to some kind of de-escalation or some recognition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=865.209,868.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of mutual advantage in the middle East where","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=868.28,870.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now with each found that we can't really control events","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=872.47,875.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it gets messy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=875.36,876.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and maybe if the United States and Soviet Union did","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=876.4,878.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a little cooperation there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=878.6,879.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we might both have some advantage from it or in Europe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=879.68,884.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the Eastern-Western Germany's are...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=884.38,888.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Be getting to act in ways which are just interfering","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=888.59,892.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with NATO and war and Warsaw pacts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=892.08,895.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe we ought to arrange something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=895.51,897.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to keep our Germany's okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=897.69,901.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can see a lot of possibilities of mutual interest,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=903.66,907.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at that point then I think even","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=909.78,911.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the de-stabilizing weapons, it's possible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=911.27,914.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we don't have a crisis with the finance history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=914.32,918.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Did American Soviet relationships...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=921.64,923.997"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It seems like in the last two or three years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=923.997,926.139"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that conservative religious organization in United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=926.139,930.711"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have being able to play out a larger role","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=930.711,932.802"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the whole, domestic approach to the Soviet union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=932.802,937.802"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they basically viewed the Soviet 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satisfied","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=945.3,947.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until it doesn't exist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=947.76,949.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Given the fact that our presidents seems to be charming up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=951.365,953.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with these types of groups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=953.73,954.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What influence does that kinda play in the whole context","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=954.91,959.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of de-escalation in the future?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=960.263,962.846"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, there's no question that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=964.75,966.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are a variety of groups in the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=967.7,970.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are as intensely anti-Soviet now as was the case","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=970.84,975.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the depths or the heights of the cold war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=975.59,979.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the present administration uses the vocabulary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=986.734,990.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of an extraordinary, intense antagonism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=990.41,993.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"towards the Soviet Union which makes it incredible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=993.73,996.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there be any kind of de-escalatory move.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=996.49,1001.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the reason that I'm not completely pessimistic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1003.553,1008.297"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about it, is that there is not the same kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1009.25,1014.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of consensus as there was before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1014.76,1017.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those views were, I think not among the 80 or 90%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1017.23,1021.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the population now that maybe around 20 or 30%,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1021.1,1024.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you have 20 to 30% on the other hand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1024.72,1027.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who think, \"Look, we don't have to try to be number one,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1027.71,1031.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we don't have to try to dominate Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1031.75,1034.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We don't have a lot of other forces,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1034.37,1036.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the world is very complex.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1036.38,1038.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are a lot of local issues where the local people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1038.183,1041.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will have to decide things for themselves in Europe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1041.4,1044.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Asia, maybe even in Latin America,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1044.09,1047.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Eastern Europe and Western Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1047.84,1049.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you've got, 30% on one side","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1050.99,1053.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and 30% on the other side,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1053.66,1055.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then a shift of 15 or 20% in the middle can change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1057.06,1061.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who's the majority.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1061.04,1062.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think you can get a much more radical shift","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1063.83,1067.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in American foreign policy as a result","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1067.15,1069.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of that than you've had before, and that's what we've seen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1069.25,1071.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think we've seen really fundamental shifts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1071.15,1075.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in American foreign policy in the last few years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1075.77,1078.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a way that we had not had for a long time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1078.85,1083.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and no reason to think that we can't have again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1083.61,1087.167"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1090.242,1091.075"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Is that type of thing new and (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1091.075,1096.075"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean whether there's being (indistinct),","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1096.671,1100.132"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was it a religious type?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1100.132,1102.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Was it something that based itself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1102.383,1103.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the fact Soviet Union godless (indistinct)?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1103.81,1108.539"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well it was not, it was godless in the 1950s, yes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1108.539,1112.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in American public opinion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1113.86,1115.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The only thing, I don't think what you're pointing to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1115.28,1117.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the religious right, or the radical right","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1117.77,1120.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wasn't exactly the same as the current sentiment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1124.1,1128.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I don't think, but for a lot of the people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1128.0,1130.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are of that belief.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1130.96,1134.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the focus isn't so much against the Soviet Union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1134.79,1137.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's really focused a lot on domestic issues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1137.63,1140.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the social issues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1142.512,1144.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"More than I think that even on foreign policy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1144.41,1146.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there the real pushes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1146.48,1148.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It helps set a tone which is conducive to the militancy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1148.75,1153.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the way of dealing with evil and thinking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1158.515,1161.017"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Soviet Union as evil rather than","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1161.017,1164.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just another power that we don't like.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1164.21,1167.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's hard to deal with that's big and tough and strong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1168.333,1172.387"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Any other questions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1179.618,1181.285"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1184.982,1185.815"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Various issues that you are dealing with that contributed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1187.733,1190.242"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to escalation and de-escalation and one of the things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1190.242,1192.871"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I don't think you mentioned was economic normalizations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1192.871,1197.871"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for de-escalation or against de-escalation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1198.895,1202.478"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is there any reason reason why you forgot to pick out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1203.394,1207.894"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1209.38,1210.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was some constraints.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1211.566,1213.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I made some passing reference but I think there are...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1213.6,1218.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it played a role in the beginning of daytime.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1218.696,1223.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think there was some sense on the part","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1223.09,1225.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of many business leaders in the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1225.39,1230.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we would be better off doing some trading","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1230.448,1232.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the Soviet union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1232.91,1233.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was a market just as China was a market.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1233.743,1236.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was an interest on the part of the Soviet leaders","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1236.96,1239.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in trade with the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1239.21,1241.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the things that ended...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1243.56,1247.566"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That undercut detente was the understanding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1247.566,1252.566"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there was gonna be a trade off between the Soviet","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1252.93,1255.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the United States with increased trade","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1255.543,1257.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union was 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facilitated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1265.04,1268.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as you know Jackson, Senator Jackson,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1268.1,1271.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Representative Barnett proposing the amendment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1271.23,1274.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to limit...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1274.05,1274.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not to grant that status","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1275.915,1278.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unless the Soviet union increased its allowance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1278.12,1283.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for Jews and others to leave the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1284.645,1287.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Soviet Union warned that that would be an invasion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1287.96,1290.277"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of its sovereignty,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1290.277,1292.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that that would be an unwarranted intrusion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1292.053,1295.536"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and would no way cooperate with such a thing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1295.536,1299.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that if it was done publicly anyway,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1299.81,1301.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was done publicly and they cut down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1301.85,1305.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the release of Jews and others from the Soviet Union","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1305.89,1309.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the granting agreement was not made.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1309.7,1313.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Despite that, we saw the trade did manage to stay up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1313.89,1317.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that was something that blocked it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1317.62,1321.147"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think there is an interest in de-escalation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1322.64,1327.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the part of both the Sov...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1328.992,1330.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many Soviet leaders and many American leaders,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1330.11,1334.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they see some economic advantage to it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1334.04,1335.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were also some economic advantage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1336.84,1338.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to military spending, each can go on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1338.49,1341.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and somewhat independently of each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1341.47,1343.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I guess you're speaking of the, 'cause the large portion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1343.943,1346.886"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is economy which stand as the problem of escalation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1346.886,1351.219"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm wondering how that will in fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1352.285,1355.285"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know chances for de-escalation is embedded.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1357.349,1361.029"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well it is embedded, I don't know that it's escalation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1361.029,1363.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the military spending can just get going up,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1363.38,1366.336"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it went up there during the 70s too,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1366.336,1367.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it went up sometime during detente.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1367.85,1370.324"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It does have it's own dynamic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1370.324,1372.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the military is something else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1372.93,1374.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It doesn't necessarily have to be,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1374.81,1376.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it isn't necessarily escalation in the conflict.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1376.9,1381.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can just spend more money on next jump, pile it up,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1381.45,1385.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pile it up, pile it up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1385.05,1386.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of it gets a little scary and destabilizing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1386.92,1389.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in necessity or maybe an accident, and that's scary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1389.5,1393.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it doesn't necessarily mean","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1393.39,1394.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you're acting more antagonistic towards each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1394.76,1397.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You just spend your money though, I've often thought","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1397.1,1400.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the way of dealing with that is that we challenged","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1400.3,1404.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Soviet unions are a little potlatch.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1404.06,1406.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We send off two rockets up into the stratosphere,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1406.77,1411.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up into the space and dare them to meet that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1411.343,1414.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they send up 12 of their missiles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1414.32,1416.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we send up 24 into space you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1416.12,1419.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"show how much we can do, that way we can build more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1419.06,1421.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and keep the whole level down, and I don't know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1421.9,1423.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it would be nifty, I think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1423.69,1425.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've suggested that to Mr. Reagan also.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1427.11,1429.727"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, any other questions? Comments?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1435.429,1438.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, thank you for joining us today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1440.178,1441.777"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think we gonna...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1441.777,1443.006"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you very much.\n(crowd clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1443.006,1448.006"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1449.77,1452.187"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e If you didn't get the (indistinct) number,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1455.592,1458.334"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just go have it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=1458.334,1459.667"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22915/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/915/original/AV203397_Waging_Peace_b.vtt?1613512252","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/915/original/AV203397_Waging_Peace_b.vtt?1613512252"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22916","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203397_Waging_Peace_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827/transcript/22916/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- It's have become more significant, mutual, broader and longer. The knowledge about managing de-escalation and the vested interest in pursuing it, have grown with each period. There have been reactions to each period that in some ways have meant renewed escalation but with the exception of military spending, these reactions have not meant moving back to levels of accommodation below what they had been prior to the de-escalatory effort. The moving toward accommodation between adversaries is not a steady unilinear path. The very reaching of an agreement can reduce the need for further de-escalation. For example, we signed the Partial Nuclear Test Ban agreement. That reduced the effort, the public outcry for a comprehensive agreement because the public was concerned about the Strontium-90, the radio activity in the atmosphere. And once that was taken care of, the pressure for further agreement was reduced. So to conclude, the initiation of de-escalatory initiatives and their reciprocation require the concurrence of several supportive domestic and international circumstances. Various sets of concurrent circumstances can provide a sufficient configuration. The realization of an agreement among the governments that are at conflict, requires in addition, that those circumstances endure while the negotiating process runs its course. Moreover, the participants must utilize the conciliatory gestures and negotiating strategies appropriate for the issue in contention. Agreements once reached, do not automatically gather support can lead to further de-escalatory moves. They generally survive, but often there is a reaction against the accommodation they appear to signal. Nevertheless, over the long run, they have and do exhibit accumulative character with steps towards increased accommodation, followed by long plateaus and sometimes reduced accommodation. I predict that if we don't have a nuclear war and history does not end, we will have another de-escalatory accommodation with the Soviet Union. The analysis of deescalating efforts requires giving attention to the multiplicity of conflicts and the diversity of inducements that are employed in waging struggles. Every conflict is embedded in many others, and the interlocking character of conflicts can significantly contribute to the de-escalation of each one. The multiplicity factors also means that no one group determines the course of a conflict or how and when it escalates or deescalates, the course of the conflict is a resultant of a welter of forces supporting, undermining and countering each other. What each person, group, organization or government agency does contributes perhaps crucially to the initiation, reciprocation, extension or failure of the de-escalatory moves. I have one other potential in light of that. That's the telephone number of President Reagan. And I suggest that you too can do something and if you feel irritated about something or pleased about something call him up. That somebody will answer the phone and very... And listen to you and take down what you say and be very deferential to your opinion. If you don't wanna spend the money to call, you can write a postcard, write a letter, both and so on. There are lots of things that people can do. Okay. I would be happy to elaborate any of the matters that I've mentioned or other things related to this issue if you have any questions. Should I? Yeah.\r\n\r\n- Well, I'm thinking about the constant conflict with families or tribes or ethnic groups like the Muslims and the Hindus like the Jews and the Christians and the Jews and the muslims. How do you get a conciliatory gesture in that kind of situation where you've got centuries and centuries of conflicts and retaliation seems to be the only principle working.\r\n\r\n- I don't know if that's working either.\r\n\r\n- Obviously .\r\n\r\n- I know what you mean. I think the same things hold, it's when you're dealing with non-governmental actors it's less clear who can speak for that entity, and part of the problem, I think in say, in Lebanon where the different factions will meet. Is that sometimes those old men who are meeting in Luzon are not speaking for the young gunfighters in Beirut and they may have to watch out so they don't get too far ahead or behind of their followers and are not able to take some kinds of initiative. But they is the same of possibilities and there are gestures that are made, it may be the gesture simply of returning some prisoners, which is often has been a signal for some further conciliation. Those conflicts too do wind down, they wind up and down that not always at the same level of intensity. I don't think the fundamental processes are different, there is more difficulty in knowing who can speak for whom but to some extent we have that even with governments, not always clear who is speaking for the US or who's speaking for the Soviet Union. Yes.\r\n\r\n- I noticed in your graphs, they're educating in giving the number of corporations and the number of conflicts. That the number of conflicts, the number of corporations is in the speak at the same time.\r\n\r\n- Not always, but sometimes it's true and that's... Well, let me take, look at a couple of them. During the daytime period of 72, 73, 74 conflict behavior on both the part of the Soviet Union and US was low and cooperation was relatively high. But in some of the other periods, you're right they've kinda seem to go up with each other... Go together, and those are oftentimes when nothing really substantial occurred, I refer to the Soviet conciliatory gestures of the later 50's, and there were a number of them. But on the chart, you would see that at that same period of time, the Soviet conflict behavior was very high. Because even though at the same time that Khrushchev was urging a peaceful coexistence campaign. He was also being very truculent as far as United States was concerned, there were Berlin crises, there were pushing things which he argued was part of the normalization of relations. Now, part of the reason for that kind of inconsistency is that you've got a multiple set of conflicts. It was being very difficult for Khrushchev to simply be conciliatory towards the United States. He could not probably keep domestic support. At that period of time the Soviet union was much weaker than the United States, strategic weapons, much inferior to the United States in economic as well as military strength. He was trying to add tufts so that he get a better bargaining position. But as far as the United States was concerned, that would undermine his peace initiative, they just seem like tricks. And I think it's true also for the United States ties when we made some conciliatory gesture, it's often been in accompaniment with a certain kind of truculence because the speaker is concerned about how his constituency is gonna view that. And of course the adversary is gonna pay attention to what you're saying to your constituents, say yeah, it's just propaganda. You're just trying to trick us and you're not gonna trick us. So that I think it is not only the conflict, not only the cooperative conduct but also the conflict when you're right, you have to look at both of them. And sometimes they do go up together because something is going on. After the opposite of conflict is not necessarily pieces, no relationship at all. Conflict is a kind of relationship and there are periods when there's more going on between them and other periods when there's less going on. Okay. Do that deal with your question.\r\n\r\n- Yeah.\r\n\r\n- Or not?\r\n\r\n- So when in this charts we talking about conflicts, then conflicts are necessary bad because they could be the just gestures put forth together better in parring positions rather than actual increases in military foreign in USSR.\r\n\r\n- Yeah, if you look at what Khrushchev was doing during the 50's, at the time, it all seem like a great deal of truculence and provocative actions and trying to gain things. But in many ways what he was searching for was what we finally agreed to it, Helsinki which was an acknowledgement to the permanence of the borders of Eastern Europe and Central Europe. He said he wanted those things normalized. He wanted the situation in Berlin normalized, he wanted... Which meant and acknowledgement of some status quo. But we were not so sure that we want them to status quo. We are still concerned very much of the possible reunification of Germany. And finally when the Soviet union... The Soviet say to after all the detente really occurred because of the new correlation of forces to use their language. They achieved strategic nuclear parity and at that point the United States sat down and bargain with them. That's another possible analysis of what happened. Yes.\r\n\r\n- Well often de-escalation work in reduction of conflict wars weapons which are inheritably de-estabilizing.\r\n\r\n- Well, I think as this analysis indicates, lots of things go on and their own dynamics, their own cycles and the weapons stuff does have a tremendous dynamics of its own. In many cases, we shouldn't really talk about an arms race. Each side is driven very much on its own, and there's very little relationship actually between what one side does and the other side does. It's people who've examined this argue a great deal and that nobody's really got it can prove by quantitative analysis, very convincingly that there is an arms race. You have much more each side pursuing its own dynamics of expansion. Now, sometimes that has contributed to de-escalation. I think the assumptions to the Soviet argument that the escalation finally occurred at the time finally occurred when they did reach nuclear parity. I mean, the United States was interested in an ABM and assault agreement when the Soviet Union was clearly... The only way to slow things down was to say, okay let's freeze it, which is what we did with SALT one. Particular weapon systems may be very destabilizing and maybe at some point people say that's gets, it's getting scary, you know. And at that point that might be a reason for slowing things down. From the historical cases that are drawn from it you can see two possibilities, one possibility is like the Cuban missile crisis. We have a big crisis and that scares everybody. Of course, we may not only be scared to death, we may get killed in the next crisis. But that's one possible scenario, the other is that a lot of other conditions do emerge which make it seem really in everybody's interest to cool things down some and you can... It's easy enough for me at least to point to a lot of reasons for such a de-escalatory move, even now, but obviously that is not shared by the government leaders, might be shared by the public in a short time, and then there could be pressure that would lead to some kind of de-escalation or some recognition of mutual advantage in the middle East where now with each found that we can't really control events and it gets messy, and maybe if the United States and Soviet Union did a little cooperation there we might both have some advantage from it or in Europe where the Eastern-Western Germany's are... Be getting to act in ways which are just interfering with NATO and war and Warsaw pacts. Maybe we ought to arrange something to keep our Germany's okay. You can see a lot of possibilities of mutual interest, at that point then I think even with the de-stabilizing weapons, it's possible. If we don't have a crisis with the finance history.\r\n\r\n- Did American Soviet relationships... It seems like in the last two or three years that conservative religious organization in United States have being able to play out a larger role in the whole, domestic approach to the Soviet union, and they basically viewed the Soviet Union as being immoral, godless names it seemed to be they won't be satisfied until it doesn't exist. Given the fact that our presidents seems to be charming up with these types of groups. What influence does that kinda play in the whole context of de-escalation in the future?\r\n\r\n- Well, there's no question that there are a variety of groups in the United States who are as intensely anti-Soviet now as was the case in the depths or the heights of the cold war. And the present administration uses the vocabulary of an extraordinary, intense antagonism towards the Soviet Union which makes it incredible that there be any kind of de-escalatory move. But the reason that I'm not completely pessimistic about it, is that there is not the same kind of consensus as there was before. Those views were, I think not among the 80 or 90% of the population now that maybe around 20 or 30%, and you have 20 to 30% on the other hand who think, \"Look, we don't have to try to be number one, we don't have to try to dominate Europe. We don't have a lot of other forces, the world is very complex. There are a lot of local issues where the local people will have to decide things for themselves in Europe and Asia, maybe even in Latin America, in Eastern Europe and Western Europe. And if you've got, 30% on one side and 30% on the other side, then a shift of 15 or 20% in the middle can change who's the majority. And I think you can get a much more radical shift in American foreign policy as a result of that than you've had before, and that's what we've seen. I think we've seen really fundamental shifts in American foreign policy in the last few years, in a way that we had not had for a long time, and no reason to think that we can't have again. Yeah.\r\n\r\n- Is that type of thing new and I mean whether there's being , was it a religious type? Was it something that based itself on the fact Soviet Union godless ?\r\n\r\n- Well it was not, it was godless in the 1950s, yes, in American public opinion. The only thing, I don't think what you're pointing to about the religious right, or the radical right wasn't exactly the same as the current sentiment. But I don't think, but for a lot of the people who are of that belief. Now, the focus isn't so much against the Soviet Union, it's really focused a lot on domestic issues. On the social issues. More than I think that even on foreign policy that there the real pushes. It helps set a tone which is conducive to the militancy, to the way of dealing with evil and thinking of the Soviet Union as evil rather than just another power that we don't like. It's hard to deal with that's big and tough and strong. Any other questions? Yes.\r\n\r\n- Various issues that you are dealing with that contributed to escalation and de-escalation and one of the things that I don't think you mentioned was economic normalizations for de-escalation or against de-escalation. Is there any reason reason why you forgot to pick out.\r\n\r\n- Time. There was some constraints. I made some passing reference but I think there are... I think it played a role in the beginning of daytime. I think there was some sense on the part of many business leaders in the United States that we would be better off doing some trading with the Soviet union, that was a market just as China was a market. There was an interest on the part of the Soviet leaders in trade with the United States. One of the things that ended... That undercut detente was the understanding that there was gonna be a trade off between the Soviet and the United States with increased trade in the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union was supposed to get most favored nation agreements so that trade would be facilitated. And as you know Jackson, Senator Jackson, and Representative Barnett proposing the amendment to limit... Not to grant that status unless the Soviet union increased its allowance for Jews and others to leave the Soviet Union. Soviet Union warned that that would be an invasion of its sovereignty, that that would be an unwarranted intrusion and would no way cooperate with such a thing, that if it was done publicly anyway, it was done publicly and they cut down on the release of Jews and others from the Soviet Union and the granting agreement was not made. Despite that, we saw the trade did manage to stay up but that was something that blocked it. So I think there is an interest in de-escalation on the part of both the Sov... Many Soviet leaders and many American leaders, they see some economic advantage to it. There were also some economic advantage to military spending, each can go on and somewhat independently of each other.\r\n\r\n- I guess you're speaking of the, 'cause the large portion is economy which stand as the problem of escalation. I'm wondering how that will in fact, you know chances for de-escalation is embedded.\r\n\r\n- Well it is embedded, I don't know that it's escalation, the military spending can just get going up, it went up there during the 70s too, it went up sometime during detente. It does have it's own dynamic, the military is something else. It doesn't necessarily have to be, it isn't necessarily escalation in the conflict. You can just spend more money on next jump, pile it up, pile it up, pile it up. Some of it gets a little scary and destabilizing in necessity or maybe an accident, and that's scary. But it doesn't necessarily mean that you're acting more antagonistic towards each other. You just spend your money though, I've often thought that the way of dealing with that is that we challenged the Soviet unions are a little potlatch. We send off two rockets up into the stratosphere, up into the space and dare them to meet that and they send up 12 of their missiles and we send up 24 into space you know, show how much we can do, that way we can build more and keep the whole level down, and I don't know it would be nifty, I think. I've suggested that to Mr. Reagan also. Okay, any other questions? Comments?\r\n\r\n- Well, thank you for joining us today, I think we gonna...\r\n\r\n- Thank you very much.\r\n\r\n- If you didn't get the number, just go have it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36669/file/105827#t=0.0,1466.04"}]}]}]}