{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/2j6833nd45/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Said, Edward W., Politics of Knowledge"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV204028 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Politics of Knowledge is a September 26, 1991 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Edward Said. Edward Said discusses the United States' selective concern about human rights.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. 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much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=20.085,20.918"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm delighted to be here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=20.918,23.365"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm very grateful to (speaking faintly).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=23.365,28.365"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can you hear me well?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=28.506,30.256"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I want to speak about this evening","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=37.025,40.275"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the prospect of peace in the Middle East.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=43.406,46.808"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I want to begin by talking about the current situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=46.808,51.308"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as it pertains after the Gulf War.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=57.746,60.579"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think most people who watch the 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watching","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=69.87,71.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a war between good and evil.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=73.01,75.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A historical or nonhistorical encounter","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=77.137,81.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between a demonized Iraqi leader called Saddam Hussein","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=81.72,86.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who happened to be in charge of a country called Iraq,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=89.677,93.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which to most America I think was thought of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=93.36,96.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a real empty place, perhaps even a 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Iraq.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=123.584,126.985"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the first paragraph of that article,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=126.985,129.751"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the author who is himself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=129.751,131.325"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an Arab scholar resident of the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=131.325,134.508"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and later became a consultant for CBS news,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=134.508,138.249"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"advanced the view, which was, to the best of my knowledge,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=138.249,141.761"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unchallenged by many of whom had read the article,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=141.761,145.367"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Iraq was, and I quote now literally,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=145.367,148.818"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Iraq was a brittle country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=148.818,151.068"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with no connection to books, ideas, or values.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=152.276,157.157"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the impression that people 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barbarian","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=164.38,166.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where in fact, as every article will tell you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=167.16,170.908"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Iraq is not the richest Arab 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land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=176.206,178.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and water and exceptionally huge population.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=181.447,185.468"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But also the central country in the modern Arab 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Iraq,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=233.16,236.534"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Misled people in what I consider to be a corruption","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=236.534,240.862"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of knowledge and education into 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phrase,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=252.896,255.121"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"A brittle country with no reference of culture.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=255.121,259.204"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This travesty, this picture of Iraq,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=260.226,263.226"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the one that, I think, remained in the public mind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=264.738,269.738"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When the war came and all it's savagery","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=272.525,276.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and technological fury, with the destruction of Iraq","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=276.46,281.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very little was felt of the media about Iraq.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=282.61,286.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Iraq had been destroyed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=287.724,288.797"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"destroyed by the mongrels as well in '58.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=288.797,291.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now once again (indistinct) were watching","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=292.18,294.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of the leading two or three (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=295.373,296.965"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in our world being destroyed largely from the air.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=296.965,300.442"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As if in a repetition of the mongrel attacks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=300.442,303.104"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the 13th century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=303.104,304.771"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the themes of my talk this evening","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=306.198,308.908"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the immense rift","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=308.908,311.178"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that separates the people of the Middle 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Arabs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=354.312,356.124"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which the United States is seen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=356.124,358.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and was seen by most Arabs as the 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concerned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=401.471,403.346"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the picture's complicated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=403.346,406.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But who's achievements in turning Iraq","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=406.03,409.545"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into a largely secular society,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=409.545,412.145"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into a society which the inequality","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=412.145,414.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that came in other parts of the Arab world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=414.99,417.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between men and women had been largely eliminated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=417.22,420.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In which tremendous advances in education,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=420.64,423.462"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in health, in social welfare, were considerable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=423.462,427.462"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I repeat, I consider what Iraq did","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=434.144,436.977"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be a tremendous mistake and one which I condemn","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=438.609,442.972"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as I also condemn and feel very strongly about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=442.972,446.805"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the almost total absence of human rights in Iraq.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=448.149,451.817"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Never the less, I also felt,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=451.817,454.845"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think my position in this case is quite 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States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=461.499,464.226"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not by the United Nations, by the way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=464.226,466.029"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it's misleading to consider the American 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conviction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=475.265,476.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, the United States used the United Nations civically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=476.45,481.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and used it's major allies like Britain,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=481.653,485.191"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially Britain I should say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=485.191,487.321"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Soviet Union and to a lesser degree France and China","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=487.321,492.321"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to push through resolutions against Iraq","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=492.817,496.887"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would entitle the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=496.887,498.228"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not only to wage war like what we're seeing today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=498.228,500.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the stand off apparently involved now between","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=501.657,504.924"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the team of United Nations, muslims (speaking faintly).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=504.924,509.924"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The team of United Nations inspectors in Iraq","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=511.221,513.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Iraqi authorities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=513.63,516.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is the continuum and is one of the consequences of war","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=516.58,521.091"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is part of the background for the prospects of peace?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=521.091,526.008"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is continuing?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=527.17,528.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is a United States position, which I considered that time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=529.91,534.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and still consider it to be imperialist,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=536.03,538.858"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the United States is allocated to itself a right,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=538.858,540.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we as Americans, I think,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=540.85,543.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have every obligation to understand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=543.6,547.272"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what the United States did,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=547.272,549.557"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"allocated to itself the right to intervene unilaterally","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=549.557,554.557"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sometimes with particularly the United Nations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=554.65,557.257"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as was the case of Panama and Grenada, with Libya,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=557.257,562.257"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to intervene unilaterally wherever we please.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=562.561,566.426"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The case that the president made at the time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=566.426,568.866"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when he went to the war was, of course, principles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=568.866,572.768"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, it requires only a cursory knowledge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=572.768,576.185"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of recent history of the region,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=578.19,580.141"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"never mind the rest of the world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=580.141,582.396"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to realize that the United 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concern.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=587.322,591.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There has been invasions, there was an invasion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=591.773,595.019"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and annexation of Arab territories in 1967.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=595.019,598.318"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Today, the greatest ally of the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=598.318,601.855"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Middle East is Israel, is sitting in occupation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=601.855,605.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of territories taken from Palestinians, Jordan, Lebanon,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=605.663,610.317"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Syria, and occupation which is now amassed for 24 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=610.317,614.984"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There have been numerous UN resolutions and declarations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=617.0,621.148"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many of them supported by the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=621.148,623.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Israel should end it's annexation and occupation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=623.533,627.016"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States hasn't acted on that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=627.016,629.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was an invasion of Cyprus in 1974 by Turkish crews","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=629.19,632.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who partitioned the island","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=632.47,633.862"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and remain in occupation of the island.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=633.862,636.122"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, against UN resolutions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=636.122,638.622"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The United States never had one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=639.702,643.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cyprus is bigger than Kuwait in size.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=643.123,646.206"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the real reason the United States went into Kuwait","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=648.108,650.678"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and did what it did, was not principle, but oil.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=650.678,654.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And geopolitical leverage.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=654.48,657.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's to say the United 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Germans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=669.373,672.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"obviously and most of all by the Saudi Arabians","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=673.054,676.689"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Kuwaitis and the consequences of this 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myself,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=682.19,685.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been against Saddam Hussein and against what he did,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=685.34,690.085"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what we are 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out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=730.212,731.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which of your signers?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=731.18,732.796"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what they're talking about now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=732.796,734.017"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the lists of (speaking faintly) in the weapons programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=734.017,739.017"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now there are many bold states in the world 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recently,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=745.07,747.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exercised a very sad form of political repression","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=747.63,752.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"called apartheid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=752.25,753.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"South Africa has a nuclear weapons program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=753.62,755.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is illegal according to 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Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=763.67,766.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"largely because there was shame in doing so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=766.26,768.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by other western and industrial states,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=768.94,773.238"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like Scandinavian countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=773.238,775.571"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When the struggle against apartheid with South 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on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=783.094,784.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the only phrase the United States could put","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=784.45,786.554"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to it's policy was,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=786.554,788.137"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so far as the government from South Africa was concerned,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=789.594,791.744"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was constructive engagement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=791.744,794.077"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I ask myself, why not constructive engagement with Iraq?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=795.51,797.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was an Arab lead, as you recall at the time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=799.26,804.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"resolution in which all the Arab states,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=804.374,807.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with one of two exceptions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=807.413,810.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all the Arabs including the Palestinians,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=810.463,812.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, this is an unacceptable state of affairs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=812.7,817.162"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Iraq must withdraw.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=817.162,818.392"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We want an Arab solution,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=818.392,819.657"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let us have the Arabs try to get the Iraqis out of Kuwait","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=819.657,824.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and end this state of affairs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=827.493,829.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It might work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=829.653,831.018"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know that it would have worked,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=831.018,832.579"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it might have worked.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=832.579,833.617"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It wasn't given a 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States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=837.15,838.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Egypt refused to table the resolution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=838.89,841.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and troupes were sent to the first development.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=841.92,845.891"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Troupes first and then the others came.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=845.891,847.567"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the vast majority of (speaking 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Palestinians","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=953.166,956.854"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=956.854,959.771"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A second consequence, which is really part of the 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Americans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=985.657,988.795"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that 100,000 Iraqi casualties in the war","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=988.795,992.128"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the equivalent of approximately 1.4 million American 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600,000.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1015.784,1017.117"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we're talking about a figure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1018.546,1019.824"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's twice the number of 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county.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1200.938,1203.429"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Palestinians, the Egyptians, the Bangladeshians,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1203.429,1207.376"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Pakistanis, the Indians, the 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Palace","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1257.202,1262.202"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one heard stories about the gold doorknobs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1262.656,1266.056"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and (speaking 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refugees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1300.637,1303.419"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fifth, another consequence of the war","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1303.419,1305.629"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a tremendous environmental 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Hussein,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1365.199,1367.734"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they also understand that we are talking about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1367.734,1369.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what (indistinct) a war against our cultured civilization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1370.947,1375.516"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the west represented by the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1375.516,1378.078"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the humiliations and the insulting quality","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1378.078,1382.502"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would never have been perpetrated by the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1382.502,1385.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on another white race, say the European.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1385.63,1390.386"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And certainly never practiced by the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1390.386,1392.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against Israel, which was guilty of a whole range of abuses","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1392.66,1397.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and crimes against humanity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1399.242,1401.575"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But this deep rift between the United 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us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1409.92,1411.411"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the United States is a major power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1411.411,1416.196"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The major power in the Middle 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generation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1430.54,1434.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a series of struggles for democracy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1435.87,1439.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everybody talks about the fact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1439.65,1441.061"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there is no democracy in the Middle East,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1441.061,1442.535"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's certainly 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journalism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1457.37,1459.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Egypt perhaps is an exception.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1459.15,1461.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But most of them have a controlled 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time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1470.66,1473.179"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"far too long a time in which the army","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1473.179,1476.112"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the apparatus of professions turn against the people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1476.112,1479.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not in defense of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1479.49,1481.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in the minds of most Arabs I think it's 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speaker)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1489.271,1491.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I must say it fills me with great shame as an American","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1491.36,1494.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it is impossible to identify a single struggle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1495.13,1498.604"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Arab world for democracy, for women's rights,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1498.604,1501.112"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for minority rights, for democratic freedoms of the press,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1501.112,1506.112"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or opinion, et cetera, that the United States is for.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1506.624,1509.096"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact we find that US policy in the Middle East","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1509.096,1512.856"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has been uniformly arranged on the wrong side","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1512.856,1515.554"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the struggle for democracy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1515.554,1518.054"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nowhere with more glaring and hypocritical consequence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1519.084,1523.584"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than in the struggle between the Palestinians and Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1535.067,1539.817"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The core of the problem of the Middle East today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1541.797,1545.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remains the question of Palestine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1547.7,1550.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not saying, I will never say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1552.278,1553.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that if there is a resolution of the Palestinian problem,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1554.563,1557.616"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything will be okay in the Middle East.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1557.616,1559.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People will be able to travel freely,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1559.41,1561.324"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they'll be able to feed their children,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1561.324,1562.822"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they have education and they live in a free society,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1562.822,1565.685"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I never said that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1565.685,1566.518"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I simply said that if you want to talk about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1566.518,1570.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the terrible situation in the Middle East","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1570.913,1573.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as an iceberg, the tip of the iceberg","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1573.44,1575.647"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the symbol of the problems underneath","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1575.647,1577.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the problem of Palestine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1577.88,1580.377"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It remains for most Arabs and Muslims","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1581.376,1583.147"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and people of the third world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1583.147,1585.259"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a symbol of the struggle of the people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1585.259,1589.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against this possession and against a fierce, resourceful,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1589.05,1593.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"intelligent, entity that has been policed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1595.949,1598.012"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the United States and Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1598.012,1601.195"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just want to mention something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1601.195,1603.862"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was tremendously important to me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1605.219,1608.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This last May I visited South Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1608.65,1612.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I haven't been able to visit Palestine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1612.3,1615.204"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because my family and I were made refugees in 1948.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1615.204,1619.454"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My entire family was determined to be (indistinct) refugees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1621.963,1626.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were scattered in 1948","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1626.233,1628.749"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we've never lived together since that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1628.749,1632.666"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have no relatives at all left in Palestine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1634.807,1638.557"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Although both my parents, my father and my mother.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1640.291,1642.845"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my mother was from Nazareth, my Father's from Jerusalem,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1642.845,1645.624"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are native Palestinians and are the descendants","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1645.624,1648.997"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of generations of Arab residents in Palestine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1648.997,1652.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I haven't been able to go back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1654.455,1656.822"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I tried to go back in 1988.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1656.822,1659.225"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was forbidden by Mr. Shamir to enter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1659.225,1662.898"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So one of the things that I do is to go other places","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1662.898,1665.579"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that have resemblances to the situation in Palestine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1665.579,1668.752"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was invite by three universities in South Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1668.752,1671.815"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and by the agency to visit South Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1671.815,1674.576"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the things that I discovered there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1674.576,1676.688"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that even amongst people who knew very little","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1676.688,1680.828"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the Palestinian situation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1680.828,1682.635"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm talking about blacks in South Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1682.635,1684.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"blacks and colored people as they're called.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1684.363,1686.121"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's say non whites.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1686.121,1688.021"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even amongst the progressive whites","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1688.021,1690.554"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"every man, woman, had a sympathy for the Palestinian side of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1690.554,1695.554"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the struggle because they understood the ravages","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1698.589,1701.492"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a system, apartheid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1701.492,1703.409"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Their own tyranny, their own repression in South Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1705.135,1709.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A similar one was practiced against Palestinians","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1709.91,1712.585"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Palestine, they could understand that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1712.585,1716.002"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I recall during the meeting I had with Nelson Mandela","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1716.936,1721.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Johannesburg, (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1723.218,1727.637"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said to him, \"Mr. Mandela.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1727.637,1729.557"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was overwhelmed by his presence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1729.557,1731.922"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. Mandela is a great 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struggle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1744.188,1745.737"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the reasons I wanted to see Mandela","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1745.737,1747.518"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was to tell him how important it was for me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1747.518,1749.825"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a Palestinian that he supported our struggle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1749.825,1752.499"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The ANC supported our struggle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1752.499,1754.254"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But above all I wanted to say to him,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1754.254,1756.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"please don't change your mind the way Jesse Jackson did","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1756.35,1760.228"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"once in a while.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1760.228,1761.561"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He said, \"Of course we won't change our minds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1762.988,1765.319"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"there are two reasons for it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1765.319,1767.346"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"One is, it's a matter of principle.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1767.346,1769.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now when you talk about principle,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1769.17,1770.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not George Bush's principles,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1770.673,1772.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the principle of a man who went to jail for 27 years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1772.623,1775.726"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because he believed in freedom.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1775.726,1778.724"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Because of principle we will never turn away from Palestine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1778.724,1782.752"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and B, because you helped us during the dark days","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1782.752,1786.835"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when the ANC was underground.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1788.438,1791.249"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The PLO helped the ANC","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1791.249,1793.082"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as it helped SWAPO in South West Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1794.15,1796.878"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A people's organization which now is in charge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1796.878,1800.711"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the government and enabled them to become independent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1801.938,1806.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is a connect there between Palestine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1806.51,1808.809"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all the liberation struggles of the third world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1808.809,1812.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for which Palestine has also become a symbol","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1812.29,1815.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it is the longest and the most enduring","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1815.453,1818.632"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"struggle against oppression.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1818.632,1820.965"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To every Arab and every Palestinian","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1823.011,1826.018"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was linkage between what happened in Iraq","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1826.018,1828.965"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what did not happen on the West Bank in Gaza.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1828.965,1832.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is to say US policy was out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1832.363,1835.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The United States attacked Iraq, destroyed the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1839.251,1843.891"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but did nothing, not even the slightest sanction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1843.891,1847.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1847.79,1849.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're not talking about a month or two months or six months,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1849.803,1852.848"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're talking about a 24 year hold on the West Bank of Gaza.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1852.848,1857.848"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"George Bush used to speak, if you recall,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1859.218,1862.171"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when he appeared on television he used to speak","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1862.171,1864.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the 12 UN resolutions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1864.12,1865.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that entitled United States to wage war against Iraq.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1865.93,1870.394"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are 64 UN resolutions condemning 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Gaza.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1889.354,1890.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"None of those has moved the United States government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=1890.69,1893.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until very recently, to even take 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Gaza","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=2050.837,2053.207"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who now number about 1.8 to 2 million people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=2053.207,2056.884"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's say two million people to round it 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Palestinians","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=2095.111,2098.949"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are stateless people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=2098.949,2102.096"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Lebanon for example, the 400,000 Palestinians 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refugees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=2106.673,2108.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Their situation is very grave indeed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013#t=2111.148,2114.148"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27844/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because their political future, the future of their 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43212/file/116013/transcript/27845/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Thank you very much. I'm delighted to be here. I'm very grateful to . Can you hear me well? What I want to speak about this evening is the prospect of peace in the Middle East. I want to begin by talking about the current situation as it pertains after the Gulf War. I think most people who watch the television in the United States were led to believe that what they were watching was a war between good and evil. A historical or nonhistorical encounter between a demonized Iraqi leader called Saddam Hussein who happened to be in charge of a country called Iraq, which to most America I think was thought of as a real empty place, perhaps even a desert, atop a large amount of oil and a large army. It was a quite remarkable article that appeared a few weeks before the war in the leading American magazine called International Affairs who's name is Foreign Affairs. It was the lead article and it was an article on the crisis between United States and Iraq. In the first paragraph of that article, the author who is himself an Arab scholar resident of the United States, and later became a consultant for CBS news, advanced the view, which was, to the best of my knowledge, unchallenged by many of whom had read the article, that Iraq was, and I quote now literally, \"Iraq was a brittle country with no connection to books, ideas, or values.\" So the impression that people have was that Iraq was a desert place ruled by a savage barbarian where in fact, as every article will tell you, Iraq is not the richest Arab country. Very close to being the richest. Not only in oil and land and water and exceptionally huge population. But also the central country in the modern Arab renaissance of art and culture and literature of the 19th and 20th century. After that fact that Iraq was the seat of one of the glorious dynasties of in the roughly middle '80s about that time. Far exceeding anything in Europe at that time. Iraq is also the cradle of civilization. Any high school student must have heard of the Tigris and Euphrates. Would have made the connection to Iraq, this scholar, who was speaking, as it were, to the official voice of the administration arguing the case for war against Iraq, Misled people in what I consider to be a corruption of knowledge and education into thinking that the attack against Iraq by the United States was one that was not only fully justified, but it will not any difference because Iraq was, to repeat his phrase, \"A brittle country with no reference of culture.\" This travesty, this picture of Iraq, was the one that, I think, remained in the public mind. When the war came and all it's savagery and technological fury, with the destruction of Iraq very little was felt of the media about Iraq. Iraq had been destroyed, destroyed by the mongrels as well in '58. Now once again were watching one of the leading two or three in our world being destroyed largely from the air. As if in a repetition of the mongrel attacks in the 13th century. One of the themes of my talk this evening is the immense rift that separates the people of the Middle East from seeking out, principally of the Arab from the people of the United States. So there is an enormous gulf between us and I see both as an Arab and as an American. And it is what you might see in one of the great tragedies of the 20th century, that this dialog of death in which a radical misunderstanding of the Arab world exists in this country and is acted upon by policy makers and media and many scholars. This is compounded by the misunderstanding of the United States to obtain in the Arab world partly because of the history of animosity and enmity between the United States and the Arabs, in which the United States is seen and was seen by most Arabs as the destroyer of an important center of civilization and power in the Arab world. I say this as someone who completely opposed the Iraqi invasion of the United States of Kuwait. I thought it was illegal and immoral and foolish act by a leader of the Arab world who's record inside his own country was a disaster so far as human rights is concerned. But the picture's complicated. But who's achievements in turning Iraq into a largely secular society, into a society which the inequality that came in other parts of the Arab world between men and women had been largely eliminated. In which tremendous advances in education, in health, in social welfare, were considerable. I repeat, I consider what Iraq did to be a tremendous mistake and one which I condemn as I also condemn and feel very strongly about the almost total absence of human rights in Iraq. Never the less, I also felt, I think my position in this case is quite consistent, I also felt that the percipience and ill considered attack on Iraq by the United States. Not by the United Nations, by the way. I think it's misleading to consider the American position as one in which the United Nations went along because of our conviction. In fact, the United States used the United Nations civically and used it's major allies like Britain, especially Britain I should say, and the Soviet Union and to a lesser degree France and China to push through resolutions against Iraq that would entitle the United States, not only to wage war like what we're seeing today in the stand off apparently involved now between the team of United Nations, muslims . The team of United Nations inspectors in Iraq and the Iraqi authorities. What is the continuum and is one of the consequences of war which is part of the background for the prospects of peace? What is continuing? Is a United States position, which I considered that time and still consider it to be imperialist, the United States is allocated to itself a right, and we as Americans, I think, have every obligation to understand what the United States did, allocated to itself the right to intervene unilaterally sometimes with particularly the United Nations, as was the case of Panama and Grenada, with Libya, to intervene unilaterally wherever we please. The case that the president made at the time when he went to the war was, of course, principles. But, it requires only a cursory knowledge of recent history of the region, never mind the rest of the world, to realize that the United States has never before acted on principle where United States did an invasion of our concern. There has been invasions, there was an invasion and annexation of Arab territories in 1967. Today, the greatest ally of the United States in the Middle East is Israel, is sitting in occupation of territories taken from Palestinians, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and occupation which is now amassed for 24 years. There have been numerous UN resolutions and declarations. Many of them supported by the United States, that Israel should end it's annexation and occupation. United States hasn't acted on that. There was an invasion of Cyprus in 1974 by Turkish crews who partitioned the island and remain in occupation of the island. Again, against UN resolutions. The United States never had one. Cyprus is bigger than Kuwait in size. But the real reason the United States went into Kuwait and did what it did, was not principle, but oil. And geopolitical leverage. That's to say the United States, which is bankrupt economically, as we all know, there's a deeper sense in this country. When you do an imperial war that was paid for by the Japanese, by the Germans, obviously and most of all by the Saudi Arabians and the Kuwaitis and the consequences of this war continue to this day. So that through every Arab who many, like myself, have been against Saddam Hussein and against what he did, what we are witnessing is an endless violation of Iraqi sovereignty. The United States has allocated itself the right to continue to occupy and to be in the affairs of the Iraqi. Not because there's any real military but as an act of punitive sadism to prove to the world, they certainly have, that the United States is massive. That we can not only go in there and destroy your weapons and destroy your cities and reduce you to a preindustrial period, as Americans said about . But that we can also continue to do that with . We not only would destroy your weapons, we're going to go in there and find out which of your signers? That's what they're talking about now, the lists of in the weapons programs. Now there are many bold states in the world today. South Africa being one. South Africa, until recently, exercised a very sad form of political repression called apartheid. South Africa has a nuclear weapons program which is illegal according to . It took the United States years to introduce sanctions against South Africa, largely because there was shame in doing so by other western and industrial states, like Scandinavian countries. When the struggle against apartheid with South Africa was particularly bloody during the illegal uprising, the Sharpeville massacres and so on, the only phrase the United States could put to it's policy was, so far as the government from South Africa was concerned, was constructive engagement. So I ask myself, why not constructive engagement with Iraq? There was an Arab lead, as you recall at the time, resolution in which all the Arab states, with one of two exceptions, all the Arabs including the Palestinians, said, this is an unacceptable state of affairs. Iraq must withdraw. We want an Arab solution, let us have the Arabs try to get the Iraqis out of Kuwait and end this state of affairs. It might work. I don't know that it would have worked, but it might have worked. It wasn't given a chance. We got the resolutions taken. Acting under pressure from the United States, Egypt refused to table the resolution and troupes were sent to the first development. Troupes first and then the others came. But the vast majority of . What they need now to understand are the consequences of the war as they color the influence the situation on the ground in the Middle East. The first consequence of the war is the overwhelming destruction of the capacity of Iraq to be a modern nation. The electrical, the water, and telephone links that made the country function. Those are gone. The net result of that of course is malnutrition. Tremendous health problems, some instances I've seen growing into epidemic proportion. Tremendous number of child deaths because of the absence of medicines and nutrition for the children. And the permanent semi occupational country with American forces that I just referred to a minute ago hanging over Iraq more or less indefinitely. As I said, it's very important to understand the symbolism of this from the other side. It isn't seen as doing credit to the United States. With this continued punishment of Iraq and above all people of Iraq, is inflicted upon by the United States while, for most Arabs, the United States is the supporter of Israel which has remained in occupation of Arab land and has continued to dispossess, persecute Palestinians with . A second consequence, which is really part of the first, is the enormous number of people who were killed during the war. I know that the figures are not stable. They're not authoritative. But to use American military as it is, one has to grant that at least 100,000 people died, and the estimates go up to 300,000. But let us take the 100,000 figure. Somebody made a calculation which makes sense for us as Americans, that 100,000 Iraqi casualties in the war is the equivalent of approximately 1.4 million American dead relative to the population. This figure will have meaning for us if we recall that the total number of American casualties in the nine major wars fought by the United States since the beginning of the republic in 1776 is only 600,000. So we're talking about a figure that's twice the number of people killed in all American wars, inflicted on Iraq. A third consequence of the war is that the divisions of the Arab world, the fractures, unease in which the Arab world lives today, are still there. There are and the other Arab states in the region. The nationalist divisions between the various Arab states, but also, above all, a tremendous economic disparities which are a source of great discomfort and pain to most Arabs. Here you have a section of the Arab world which is in the Gulf, which is where the war was fought, in which a hand full of countries with very small populations, which by tremendous accident sit on top, quite literally, of enormous oil supplies. Then these countries have an average per capita income of $50,000 per year. Where as countries like Egypt and Sudan have a per capita income of $200, to $300 per year. The disparity is gigantic. I think it's also important to remember that despite the visions of the Arab world most Arabs feel the Arab world should be one Arab world. It is a people that is linked to each other by language, by condition, by heritage, by religion, by culture, and the large economism. So the people can understand what it means to them when they realize that their Arab brethren a few hundred miles away with this tremendous wealth are using the wealth not to benefit the Arab world, not to invest it in Arab countries, but rather to deposit it abroad. It is estimated that the amount of Arab money from the Gulf, oil money, invested abroad in Europe and the United States is now about four trillion dollars. As I say, the starkness of the disparity between that figure and the realities of the surrounding Arab world, the poverty, the malnutrition, it's estimated that over five to eight million people will die in Sudan from malnutrition and famine. This disparity is still there. One of the consequences of war was that the United States restored the Kuwaiti monarchy which immediately imposed martial law and proceed to expel from within it's boarders a large population that, in fact, had keep Kuwait going as a county. The Palestinians, the Egyptians, the Bangladeshians, the Pakistanis, the Indians, the Iranians, all these were expelled. Amongst them all was the Palestinians who paid an especially heavy price because they were persecuted. There were stories in the United Press that were actually discouraged by the president because he said, \"We didn't go to Kuwait to find a democracy. \"We went to Kuwait to get ride of Iraq.\" He said that. What has happened instead is that from a state of medieval politics, before the crisis in Iraq, Kuwait went back to the dark ages when the monarchy was restored. Among the first things that was built by the American Corps of Engineers was the Emir's Palace and one heard stories about the gold doorknobs and . And the government proposed a state of emergency of marshal law. Whatever rumblings, there were some in Kuwait, there were rumblings about democracy. These were all postponed and a vague promise was delivered at major reelections in a couple of years. So one of the consequences of the war was a return to a particularly regressive status quo and fourth, an enormous mass, as I indicated earlier, an enormous mass of refugees. Fifth, another consequence of the war was a tremendous environmental catastrophe which still goes on today. Some of it done in acts of unacceptable, outrageous destruction by the Iraqi Army, but many of them done also by the United States. I don't think we should fool ourselves for a moment that the bombing missions, 2,000 a day were all done with pinpoint accuracy and the that destruction of the Kuwait oil wells were all done by the Iraqi army. These was a great deal of collaboration by the United States in the pollution of the atmosphere. Lastly, as a consequence of the war there has been an even deeper rift between the United States and the Arab people. Many of whom, as I said, did not support Saddam. I think you have to understand that Arabs aren't stupid. They understand the deprivation and the cruelties and the tyranny of a ruler like Saddam Hussein, but they also understand that we are talking about what a war against our cultured civilization by the west represented by the United States with the humiliations and the insulting quality that would never have been perpetrated by the United States on another white race, say the European. And certainly never practiced by the United States against Israel, which was guilty of a whole range of abuses and crimes against humanity. But this deep rift between the United States and the Arab world is of great concern to me and should be to all of us because the United States is a major power. The major power in the Middle East. Major outside power in the Middle East. The Soviet Union is not there any more. We should also remember that in the Middle East there has been going on for at least a generation a series of struggles for democracy. Everybody talks about the fact that there is no democracy in the Middle East, that's certainly true. Any Arab who's honest will tell you that. That most Arab countries today are places where it's impossible, for example, to practice free journalism, or even relatively free journalism. Egypt perhaps is an exception. But most of them have a controlled media. Most of them are one party states. Most of them are dominated by the army or oligarchy, or ruling family. Most of which have been there for a long time, far too long a time in which the army and the apparatus of professions turn against the people. Not in defense of it. But in the minds of most Arabs I think it's accurate, it is the United States that props up these rulers I must say it fills me with great shame as an American that it is impossible to identify a single struggle in the Arab world for democracy, for women's rights, for minority rights, for democratic freedoms of the press, or opinion, et cetera, that the United States is for. In fact we find that US policy in the Middle East has been uniformly arranged on the wrong side of the struggle for democracy. Nowhere with more glaring and hypocritical consequence than in the struggle between the Palestinians and Israel. The core of the problem of the Middle East today remains the question of Palestine. I'm not saying, I will never say, that if there is a resolution of the Palestinian problem, everything will be okay in the Middle East. People will be able to travel freely, they'll be able to feed their children, they have education and they live in a free society, I never said that. I simply said that if you want to talk about the terrible situation in the Middle East as an iceberg, the tip of the iceberg and the symbol of the problems underneath is the problem of Palestine. It remains for most Arabs and Muslims and people of the third world a symbol of the struggle of the people against this possession and against a fierce, resourceful, intelligent, entity that has been policed by the United States and Israel. I just want to mention something that was tremendously important to me. This last May I visited South Africa. I haven't been able to visit Palestine because my family and I were made refugees in 1948. My entire family was determined to be refugees. We were scattered in 1948 and we've never lived together since that time. I have no relatives at all left in Palestine. Although both my parents, my father and my mother. my mother was from Nazareth, my Father's from Jerusalem, are native Palestinians and are the descendants of generations of Arab residents in Palestine. So I haven't been able to go back. I tried to go back in 1988. I was forbidden by Mr. Shamir to enter. So one of the things that I do is to go other places that have resemblances to the situation in Palestine. I was invite by three universities in South Africa and by the agency to visit South Africa. One of the things that I discovered there is that even amongst people who knew very little about the Palestinian situation, I'm talking about blacks in South Africa, blacks and colored people as they're called. Let's say non whites. Even amongst the progressive whites every man, woman, had a sympathy for the Palestinian side of the struggle because they understood the ravages of a system, apartheid. Their own tyranny, their own repression in South Africa. A similar one was practiced against Palestinians in Palestine, they could understand that. I recall during the meeting I had with Nelson Mandela in Johannesburg, . I said to him, \"Mr. Mandela.\" I was overwhelmed by his presence. Mr. Mandela is a great man. But I knew he had met with and that he had spoken courageously in this country last year of his support for the Palestinian struggle. One of the reasons I wanted to see Mandela was to tell him how important it was for me as a Palestinian that he supported our struggle. The ANC supported our struggle. But above all I wanted to say to him, please don't change your mind the way Jesse Jackson did once in a while. He said, \"Of course we won't change our minds. \"there are two reasons for it. \"One is, it's a matter of principle.\" Now when you talk about principle, not George Bush's principles, but the principle of a man who went to jail for 27 years because he believed in freedom. \"Because of principle we will never turn away from Palestine and B, because you helped us during the dark days when the ANC was underground.\" The PLO helped the ANC as it helped SWAPO in South West Africa. A people's organization which now is in charge of the government and enabled them to become independent. There is a connect there between Palestine and all the liberation struggles of the third world for which Palestine has also become a symbol because it is the longest and the most enduring struggle against oppression. To every Arab and every Palestinian there was linkage between what happened in Iraq and what did not happen on the West Bank in Gaza. That is to say US policy was out. The United States attacked Iraq, destroyed the country but did nothing, not even the slightest sanction against Israel. We're not talking about a month or two months or six months, we're talking about a 24 year hold on the West Bank of Gaza. George Bush used to speak, if you recall, when he appeared on television he used to speak of the 12 UN resolutions that entitled United States to wage war against Iraq. There are 64 UN resolutions condemning Israel for it's practices against the Arabs on the West Bank of Gaza. There are 29 more resolutions that were vetoed by the United States also condemning Israel for it's practices on the West Bank in Gaza. None of those has moved the United States government until very recently, to even take notice of the struggle of the Palestinian people. I come now to the core of the situation in the Middle East of which peace is necessary. That is the struggle between the Palestinian people and the state of Israel. Who are the Palestinians? The Palestinians today number approximately five and half to six million people. They were the inhabitants of Palestine until 1948 when their society was shattered and a country was destroyed and approximately 800,000, roughly two thirds of the population were driven into exile, including my family. Since that time there have remained inside Israel, former Palestine, the Israel of the '67 boarders, a population of 120,000 Palestinians who have now become a population of about 800,000 who are the second class citizens of the state of Israel. They are known and statistically inside Israel as non Jews, . Israel, I need to remind you of this, Israel is the only state in the country of the world which has two unique features. One is it has no internationally declared boarders. It has no boarders. It's the only state in the United Nations that has no internationally declared boarders. Second, it is the only state in the world which is not the state of it's citizens. It is the state of an entire people, most of which is not present, the Jewish people. Which means that if you are not a Jew in Palestine, you are not a Jew as the 800,000 Palestinians aren't, you are not entitled to lease or buy land. Because the land, 90% of it is held in trust for the Jewish people. You receive, if you're a Palestinian who constitute 20% of the population of Israel, you receive 1% of the education budget. If you are 20% of the population you are represented at approximated 2% of your number in the parliament. You are a second, if not the fifth class citizen in the state of Israel. That's one part of the . The second part are the people who have been on the military occupation for 24 years, the inhabitants of the West Bank in Gaza who now number about 1.8 to 2 million people. Let's say two million people to round it out. They have been under state military occupation for 24 years. The remaining number of Palestinians approximately three million are refugees disposed through out the Arab world. A large number in Lebanon, a large number in Syria, a large number in Jordan. Jordan is the only Arab state which gave Palestinians citizenship. A large number in the Gulf and other Arab countries in smaller numbers. Some in Western Europe and about 250,000 in this country. A few exceptions, most of the exiled Palestinians are stateless people. In Lebanon for example, the 400,000 Palestinians there have bits of paper which say that they are stateless refugees. Their situation is very grave indeed because their political future, the future of their children is a desperate one. But worst of all are the inhabitants of the West Bank in Gaza who live in a military occupation that is truly horrendous. Palestinians under Israeli military occupation have no political rights at all. They have no political representation. They have no right of assembly. No right to form parties. And they have no prospect of ever finding out what the taxes they pay which are higher than those paid by the Israeli citizens, they have no prospect of knowing what the taxes they pay, how the taxes they pay are spent. Israel has never published a budget for the West Bank in Gaza but it taxes Palestinians at a very high rate. At roughly twice the rate of Israeli citizens and in some instances more than three times the rate of Israeli citizens on the West Bank in Gaza but Palestinians have no idea where their money goes. And tax is used as a form of punishment. If you haven't paid the taxes which are very high, you are not allowed to move from one section of the West Bank to another. You're not allowed to travel. To get a permit to travel you need to get eight signatures from various offices and so on. Second, Israel has forbidden the word Palestine to be used on the West Bank. I think, ladies and gentlemen, you must understand that what Israel intends for it's Palestinian population under occupation of the West Bank in Gaza is the extinction of it's national personality. So that even the word Palestine is forbidden. The colors of the Palestinian flag, which not the PFO flag, precedes the PLO which was founded in 1964. The colors of the Palestinian flag are forbidden. And artist who used the colors of the Palestinian flag in one of his paintings was given six months of jail. A birthday cake with the Palestinian flag caused it's baker to be put in jail also. There has been a systematic assault by the Israelis on Palestinian education on the West Bank of Gaza. A study of this policy was published by one of the universities on the West Bank, university, which remains closed. The study was entitled the criminalization of education. To be educated is a crime. For Palestinians to be educated is a crime according to Israel. I think, by the way, I'm speaking in a university to a university audience, I think it is one of the great standards of late 20th century American and Europe that there hasn't been a massive campaign on the part of university students in this country and Europe and university professors in this country and Europe to protest the closing of the West Bank university which began almost four years ago. That all the universities in the West Bank of Gaza were closed by order of the Israeli military authorities and two or three of them have been opened, even four have been opened. One of them, leading University in the West Bank of Gaza remains closed to this day. Students cannot use the library. Cannot use the laboratories. Professors can't go to their offices. When students and professors try to meet informally that too is a punishable offense. The same hasn't changed for schools. So you have an entire generation of Palestinians children which has been denied schooling and the danger of religion as well. That hasn't been a campaign as there was for the closing of universities in other parts of the world for the freedom of journalists or other infractions of human rights in places like Africa, is in fact partly because the United States subsidizes Israel. A subject which I will move there in a minute. The criminalization of education, I'm listing to you in graphic detail what is going on in the West Bank of Gaza and I'm doing it for a purpose. Not only to acquaint you with what's going on in some sort of course in foreign affairs you might say, but to show you how directly responsible we as Americans are for that situation. There is a disastrous health picture on the West Bank of Gaza also by design. For example, the infant mortality rate of Israeli Jewish children is 10.7%. For Palestinians in the occupied territories the rate is 70 per thousand. We're talking about the differential seven times higher than that of Israeli children. The life expectancy of Palestinians on the West Bank of Gaza is 60 years. For Israeli Jews it is 72 years. This with the closing of hospitals with the unavailability of medicines, the shortage of equipment, of plasma, of all of the necessities for a reasonably good health picture, is part of the occupation to reduce the status of the Palestinians. As for those things that make life possible, I mean physically possible, for example water. Water on the West Bank in Gaza is controlled exclusively by the Israelis. I think it will shock you to know that the entire expenditure of Palestinian towns and villages in water is approximately 50 million cubic meters a year. For the Israeli settlements alone, we're talking about a population that's about 10% of that of the Palestinians, but the Israeli settlements alone the expenditure of water is 90 million cubic meters almost twice as much as that of the entire population of the West Bank of Gaza. A handful of settlers comes to a number about 10% of the entire population consume twice as much water as the Palestinians. The Palestinians are not allowed to dig wells. They're not allowed to plant trees. They're not allowed to build buildings without permission which is usually not given of the Israeli authorities. To continue, Israel is determined not only to make life unlivable, it is determined to make the geographical territory of which Palestinians live scarcer and scarcer. Since 1967 Israel has easily expropriated about 50%, some say 60% of the land of the West Bank of Gaza and on that they have planted about 220 illegal settlements. That means moving to areas where there are large Arab populations, ex prorating that and then planting settler populations and connecting the settlements with a system of rows that breaks up the continuity of Palestinian life on the West Bank of Gaza. Breaks it up geographically so that you as a Palestinian cannot go to the because rows and barriers connecting the Jewish settlements make it impossible for you to travel. In addition to it, the Israelis have now imposed a system of pass laws, very much like those which have been recently revealed in South Africa. The interesting thing by the way is that South Africa is developing and progressing from apartheid to a state of relative freedom and equality. Israel is increasing the measures on the West Bank of Gaza to resemble and even exceed the South Africa of a generation ago, of apartheid South Africa. There is a determined stand of the economy whereby taxes, and closure of shops, punishment by tax rate and other negatives make it impossible for Palestinians to work on the West Bank in Gaza. In addition to it, since the Gulf War Israel has forbidden at least half of the working population of the West Bank that used to go into Israel to work as day laborers from entering so that we now have hundreds of thousands of Palestinian men, women and children unable to work, unable to enter Israel. Unable to feed their families. I come now to the more horrible statistics of the last three or four years. As I said, this occupation is a 24 year old thing. And it went on until in the ladder part of 1987, as everyone knows, there began a mass anti colonial interruption against Israel and Israeli occupation by the Palestinians which is now publicly known. 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