{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/2f7jq0t618/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Chavez, Linda, Civil Rights a Conservative Perspective"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV203803 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. (accessibility)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Local Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["Lectures_AV203803"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["Per request by the creator, access to this item is restricted to scholarly use only. 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tonight,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=6.66,8.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to invite you all to the reception","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=8.35,10.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"following at the FarmHouse Fraternity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=10.42,13.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's 311 Ash,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=13.01,14.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's right at the corner of Lincoln Way and Ash.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=14.69,18.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's right up here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=18.82,19.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You just go up the hill, and it's just a little ways down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=19.653,22.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's 311 Ash, and this will give you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=22.66,24.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an opportunity to talk with Ms. Chávez","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=24.61,27.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and ask you some questions if you want.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=27.56,29.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Linda Chávez is a senior fellow","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=32.0,34.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=34.11,37.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She is currently working on writing a book","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=37.28,39.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on Hispanics in the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=39.24,42.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1986, she ran unsuccessfully","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=42.03,44.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the United States Senate for Maryland.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=44.74,47.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She previously served as the Director of Public 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Reagan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=53.44,56.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as director of the US Commission on Civil Rights.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=56.84,60.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ms. Chávez is also a regular 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Chávez.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=65.9,67.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(applause)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=69.013,71.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=78.74,79.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a pleasure to be here in Ames, Iowa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=79.7,82.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I have come prepared for Iowa winter","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=82.36,84.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with my wool sweater and my Kleenex tissue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=84.73,88.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And without further ado, let's proceed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=88.53,92.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As some of you may have noticed in the bio","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=94.15,96.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was included in the brochure,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=96.5,98.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in addition to the things that Mark told you about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=98.81,101.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was also recently president of US English,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=101.55,104.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an organization that promotes laws to declare English","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=104.48,108.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the official language of the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=108.17,110.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And during the question and answer period","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=110.71,112.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would be happy to discuss that issue,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=112.53,115.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"along with the issue which I am about to speak to you on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=115.16,118.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is the issue of affirmative 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one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=155.74,157.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's become fashionable lately","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=158.71,161.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to assume that the term 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Blacks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=191.24,195.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other minorities over the last quarter century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=195.21,198.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To suggest otherwise is heresy, many would 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administration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=217.78,220.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"attempted to do was to set that course straight again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=220.6,225.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So if you prefer, you can consider me a 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have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=247.22,249.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There'll be no burning at the stake tonight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=249.86,252.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I thought about beginning this 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awards","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=290.92,295.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for victims of discrimination.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=295.49,297.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Few civil rights leaders 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Yonkers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=305.62,310.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which found that city guilty of housing discrimination","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=310.22,314.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and school segregation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=314.21,315.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I could go on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=316.84,318.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the issue of the Reagan administration's 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violations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=374.48,378.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or pursuing equal housing opportunity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=378.3,381.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seem almost 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groups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1109.56,1113.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some people, though not a majority,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1113.12,1115.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"believe from the beginning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1115.92,1117.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the modern civil rights movement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1117.15,1119.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that racial justice required","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1119.1,1121.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"preferential treatment for those","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1121.47,1123.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who've been victimized by past racial discrimination.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1123.28,1127.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But not all persons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1127.92,1129.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who call themselves civil rights advocates,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1129.94,1133.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or who were accepted by others as civil rights advocates,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1133.24,1138.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"believed in such programs of special preference.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1138.46,1142.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Unfortunately, such is not the case today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1143.33,1147.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyone who even suggests that such programs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1148.26,1152.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"may be fraught with danger is automatically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1152.76,1156.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"branded an enemy of civil rights,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1156.96,1160.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and is accused of trying to turn back the clock","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1160.44,1163.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of civil rights 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administration,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1170.85,1172.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and conservatives in general, are anti-civil rights.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1172.78,1177.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, I think the Richmond case serves to 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irrational.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1187.43,1189.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Every reasonable person would agree","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1191.2,1194.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that this country's history has been marred","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1194.01,1197.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by racial discrimination,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1197.13,1198.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that discrimination has been 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country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1207.26,1211.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Blacks living in the southern United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1211.82,1216.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly in the era before the passage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1216.24,1219.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the modern civil rights laws.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1219.25,1221.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Surely Blacks living in Richmond, Virginia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1222.3,1225.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"constitute a group that has faced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1225.8,1228.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"past racial discrimination.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1228.7,1231.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can all agree on those facts in the Richmond case.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1231.64,1235.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where the disagreement comes is in 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construction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1262.06,1266.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"contracting work to be awarded to minority businesses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1266.4,1271.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The city did not, when it considered this 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discrimination.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1290.28,1295.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it did not limit the set-aside","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1297.28,1300.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to members of the group most likely to have been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1300.23,1303.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the victims of such discrimination.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1303.3,1306.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Richmond, that of course would have been Blacks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1306.53,1311.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Instead, the city set aside such contracting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1312.68,1316.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be performed by any business","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1316.83,1320.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was 51% owned by Blacks, Hispanics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1320.13,1325.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Asians, Indians, Eskimos, or Aleuts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1325.74,1330.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is specifically the way in which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1331.28,1334.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Richmond set-aside program is enacted into 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Blacks?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1380.97,1385.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Supreme court thought","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1386.84,1389.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it had very little 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program,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1405.4,1407.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it did not speak more broadly about the inherent flaws","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1407.77,1411.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the rationale that 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set-asides,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1417.1,1419.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"employment programs, or education.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1419.36,1422.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the same flaws exist in all such 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discrimination","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1433.05,1435.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in employment and education in this country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1435.68,1438.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And indeed many still 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discrimination.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1447.41,1451.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm confident that at least one of you in this room,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1452.43,1456.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or perhaps one of your parents,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1456.49,1458.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"faced some discrimination","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1458.87,1460.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in employment or education in the 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Chávez,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1468.8,1473.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a preference in hiring or promotion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1475.714,1479.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or that give one of my sons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1480.34,1483.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a preference in admissions to a university?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1483.07,1487.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yet as an Hispanic woman,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1488.36,1491.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both I and my children qualify","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1491.57,1495.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for such special preferences under those programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1495.11,1499.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Should I be given a job,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1501.07,1502.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or my child a place in graduate school because your father,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1502.65,1507.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or my father for that matter,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1508.85,1511.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was denied a job or university placement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1511.46,1514.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of the color of his skin?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1514.91,1516.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think 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race","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1530.9,1535.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was the source of injustice,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1535.5,1538.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that will, if it endures within our society,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1538.57,1542.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be the source of more injustice still.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1542.22,1545.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The relevant proposition is not that it was Blacks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1546.4,1549.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or Jews, or Irish who were discriminated against,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1549.9,1553.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that it was individual men and 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you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1654.1,1654.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(applause)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1656.445,1658.695"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Now for question and answer session...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1663.305,1667.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1667.35,1668.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You said that...\n(papers shuffling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1668.49,1672.478"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tell me what was the...\n(papers shuffling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1672.478,1674.814"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The dissenting judges and what they said.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1674.814,1677.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Justice Thurgood Marshall wrote","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1677.32,1679.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the opinion for the dissenting judges,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1679.63,1682.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it was Justice Marshall's belief","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1682.2,1685.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that in fact the only way to overcome the 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Richmond","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1698.74,1701.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in setting aside minority business for subcontractors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1701.57,1706.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who were themselves members of racial minority 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ice)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1718.064,1720.266"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What about programs designed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1720.266,1721.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the present discrimination that goes on?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1721.44,1724.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e The whole argument for affirmative action,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1726.03,1728.665"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unlike the argument for laws","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1728.665,1731.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which enforce non-discrimination,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1731.9,1734.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is premised on the belief that one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1734.15,1736.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"must compensate victims of past discrimination,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1736.7,1741.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or members of groups that were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1741.47,1743.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"discriminated against in the past.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1743.1,1745.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think most people believe that the best 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laws","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1754.81,1757.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and statutes which are on the books.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1757.92,1760.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The only question comes when you try to 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that's-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1893.164,1896.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(rumbling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1896.02,1896.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e The question was \"How are 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Eskimos,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1968.67,1973.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or Indians, or Hispanics who had faced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1974.19,1977.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"past discrimination in the city of 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business","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1983.85,1988.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be set aside for competition by those groups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1988.17,1992.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And whenever a legal entity, a state government,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1992.2,1997.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether it be a municipal government, state government,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1997.04,1999.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the federal government, enacts such preferences,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=1999.66,2003.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they come to act as quotas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2003.23,2006.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And quotas, I believe, most people find abhorrent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2006.45,2011.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and most people find as a danger","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2012.703,2015.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the principle of equal opportunity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2015.49,2017.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that motivated the civil rights movement of the 1960s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2017.85,2021.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I have kind of a fascinating question, first of all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2024.804,2028.377"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You talk about civil rights and the civil rights movement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2028.377,2031.774"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(clears throat)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2031.774,2032.607"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How do you try and divorce that in certain agencies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2032.607,2037.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when it's primarily not even by whites?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2037.11,2039.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Take, for instance, the Alabama police force.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2039.14,2041.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They get a government action","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2041.95,2044.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to establish more Black and Hispanic stations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2044.21,2047.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You think that's gonna work?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2048.15,2048.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would think...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2048.983,2049.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would think that promotes more discrimination.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2051.372,2053.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I think the best way to stop discrimination","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2053.77,2056.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to stop counting people by race and ethnic origin,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2056.49,2060.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to enforce the clear wording of the civil rights law,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2060.49,2065.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is that no one should be denied a job","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2065.02,2067.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of the color of his or her skin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2067.26,2070.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have laws on the book","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2070.27,2071.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that require that kind of non-discrimination.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2071.95,2076.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In a case like Alabama,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2076.02,2078.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you had the state trooper system there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2078.43,2081.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which had for years and years denied Blacks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2081.35,2084.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the opportunity to be able to compete for jobs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2084.33,2087.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I believe it's appropriate not just to say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2088.65,2091.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're not going to discriminate from this day forward,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2091.57,2094.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's important that you do engage in certain kinds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2094.97,2098.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of recruitment programs and training programs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2098.5,2101.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that Blacks who in the past","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2101.92,2104.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"might not have applied for those positions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2104.05,2106.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they knew they would be turned down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2106.18,2107.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the basis of their skin","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2107.78,2109.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are made aware that equal opportunity now prevails.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2109.47,2113.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that is a far more preferable system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2113.9,2117.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than to decide that you are going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2117.64,2119.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to next year hire a certain percentage of people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2119.39,2122.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"based on the color of their skin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2122.54,2124.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That kind of reasoning,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2124.78,2126.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which divides people along racial lines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2126.7,2130.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think leads ultimately to the same kind of discrimination","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2130.1,2134.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you're trying to overcome in passing such programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2134.54,2137.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'll give you a very clear example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2137.95,2140.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an example that involves universities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2140.66,2144.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the state of California,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2144.23,2146.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the University of California system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2146.78,2149.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is now under investigation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2149.15,2152.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it is believed that the state is denying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2152.09,2157.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"equal opportunity to Asian students.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2157.19,2160.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"15, 20 years ago, Asians, like Blacks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2161.12,2164.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and like Hispanics, and other disadvantaged groups,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2164.8,2168.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were given access to affirmative action programs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2168.82,2172.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and were allowed to compete","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2172.95,2174.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on a basis different from the standards applied","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2174.35,2178.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to regular admission to the university.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2178.7,2181.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But because Asians have, in that past 20 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discrimination","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2224.78,2229.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the history of that state.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2229.29,2231.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But Asians now are 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1940s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2286.93,2290.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in universities in this country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2290.84,2293.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now Asian students are the 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skin","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2306.63,2309.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it may seem like initially you're offering them opportunity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2309.03,2313.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but as they prove themselves, and in fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2313.4,2316.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"move in and are able to compete in the normal setting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2316.18,2321.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that quota begins to be a ceiling,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2321.44,2326.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and is used to discriminate against those very groups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2326.61,2330.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that in the past were recipients of special preference.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2330.41,2335.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2336.73,2337.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I think we can go out that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2339.76,2342.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just constantly adjusting quotas and making it very fair.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2342.513,2344.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what-\n(sneeze)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2344.77,2346.361"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How are you lowering the quotas in the legislature?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2346.361,2349.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How can you take 400 years of discrimination,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2349.8,2352.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the end of which say, \"We're now equal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2354.15,2356.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're starting off together.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2356.85,2358.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It seems to me that's viciously hypocritical.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2358.3,2360.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e That would mean-\nNobody is suggesting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2360.84,2362.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that that be done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2362.17,2363.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I think that's what you're 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poor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2366.67,2368.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in an inner city or in a poor part of the city,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2368.97,2372.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doesn't get one quarter spent on them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2372.51,2374.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of what gets spent in a rich suburb,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2374.69,2377.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then say to those people at the end,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2377.56,2379.497"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"We're equal. We're starting together.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2379.497,2381.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It seems to me, again, that's viciously hypocritical.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2381.49,2384.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, first of all, let's get back to where you started","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2384.02,2386.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of dividing on the basis of race.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2386.29,2389.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You're absolutely right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2389.54,2390.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are societies in which such divisions are made.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2390.47,2393.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mao's China, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2393.71,2395.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during the height of the cultural revolution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2395.31,2398.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did in fact enact programs of so-called reforms in education","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2398.06,2402.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which allotted places on the basis of ethnic groups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2402.83,2407.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are societies in which the majority","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2408.89,2412.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"decides who will have what percentage of jobs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2412.95,2416.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the workforce and what kinds of admissions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2416.96,2419.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are societies such as South Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2419.63,2422.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which a minority decides who shall be placed where","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2422.18,2425.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the basis of the color of their skin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2425.9,2429.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is not the kind of society","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2429.03,2431.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I think most Americans envision for the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2431.07,2436.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think our goal,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2436.33,2437.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"though it's never been perfectly lived up to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2437.77,2440.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has always been the goal of equal opportunity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2440.36,2444.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the goal of providing the right","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2444.07,2446.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the individual to be able to succeed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2446.24,2448.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the basis of his or her own effort and merit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2448.98,2453.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nobody is suggesting that you can wipe out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2453.35,2456.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a history of 400 years of discrimination.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2456.67,2460.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the case of some groups, Asian-Americans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2460.53,2463.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for example, that history is somewhat shorter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2463.06,2465.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is being suggested is that you cannot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2467.25,2470.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right that wrong by continuing the same racial mindset","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2470.2,2475.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that led to that discrimination in the first place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2477.0,2481.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A far better way is to enforce","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2481.24,2485.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"non-discrimination in the present","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2485.02,2487.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to ensure that every employer is held accountable,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2487.95,2492.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make sure that he or she is not judging people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2493.03,2497.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the basis of their skin color,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2497.58,2499.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or their race, or their gender.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2499.91,2501.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then to go beyond that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2503.1,2505.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to try and make available opportunities for education,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2505.6,2510.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for training so that groups can in fact compete.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2511.57,2515.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Supreme Court, when it looked at the Richmond case,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2515.73,2518.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"suggested for example that there were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2518.74,2521.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a variety of race-neutral programs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2521.21,2524.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that could have been enacted in Richmond","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2524.99,2527.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which would have led to more benefits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2527.67,2530.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for Black Richmond contractors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2530.15,2533.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than the program that the city adopted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2533.2,2536.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It could, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2536.25,2537.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have abandoned the bonding requirements,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2537.82,2540.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which kept so many small and minority businesses","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2540.58,2544.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outside the ability to compete.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2544.09,2546.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It could've provided a whole pool of funds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2546.91,2550.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would help for Black entrepreneurship,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2550.47,2553.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or any kind of entrepreneurship for small businessmen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2553.35,2556.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are members of a disadvantaged group.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2556.84,2559.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What the court said that it could not abide","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2559.68,2563.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was simply to divide up the city of Richmond","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2563.11,2567.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into preferences that were based on skin color.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2567.07,2569.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e On your notes you have enforcing the law,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2573.09,2575.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just enforce the non-discriminatory law.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2575.95,2577.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That would suggest that 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that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2593.06,2594.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How are you gonna do that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2594.67,2595.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without being able to count how many Black men","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2595.62,2598.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or how many Black women are actually there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2598.32,2600.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You're just gonna give them in good faith and conscience-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2600.68,2603.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e It's not a matter of good faith.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2603.41,2604.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First of all, most of the civil rights 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area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2609.19,2611.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But even now in housing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2611.23,2612.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are very stiff 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persons,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2623.23,2625.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have to give them back pay,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2625.5,2627.287"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and sometimes that amounts to large sums of 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discrimination.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2639.45,2642.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Supreme Court has,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2644.56,2645.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a variety of court cases over the last 25 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woman,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2653.72,2657.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or a minority, whatever the person,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2657.82,2660.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the group is that is charging 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research,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2685.31,2688.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you have not had a Black PhD in physics on your staff,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2688.11,2692.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it may not be because you discriminated against Blacks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2693.2,2696.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It may be that the pool of persons with a degree","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2696.97,2700.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would qualify them for that job is very small.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2700.24,2703.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Which goes back to discrimination in higher education.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2703.45,2705.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Not 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group.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2737.06,2740.894"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the court has, over the history of that 25 years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2740.894,2745.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"insisted that employers 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cause,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2752.53,2756.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there are indeed other causes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2756.33,2758.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in certain circumstances why a particular racial group,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2758.46,2762.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or women for example, would not be found.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2762.71,2766.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the mere finding that no one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2766.02,2768.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was in that job is not proof of discrimination.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2768.15,2771.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is simply a suspicious cause","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2771.67,2773.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that makes you then look further to look to see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2773.89,2776.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if discrimination has taken place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2776.41,2778.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our whole legal system is based on such balancing acts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2778.95,2782.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's not just in the affirmative action area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2782.93,2785.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's in other areas as well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2785.33,2787.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the burden of proof shifts from the person","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2787.3,2790.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bringing the charge to the person being accused.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2790.25,2793.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2794.32,2795.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You said that the Supreme Court decision","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2795.6,2797.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Richmond case vindicated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2797.94,2799.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Reagan position on civil rights.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2799.32,2803.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yet three of the justices that voted on the majority","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2803.46,2806.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that case were appointed by Reagan himself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2806.88,2809.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you think that there's a problem there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2809.62,2812.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that you're saying-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=2812.03,2813.133"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25212/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/212/original/AV203803_Civil_Rights_a_Conservative_Perspective_a.vtt?1620122904","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/212/original/AV203803_Civil_Rights_a_Conservative_Perspective_a.vtt?1620122904"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25213","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203803_Civil_Rights_a_Conservative_Perspective_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139/transcript/25213/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Good evening. Before I introduce our speaker tonight, I'd like to invite you all to the reception following at the FarmHouse Fraternity. It's 311 Ash, and it's right at the corner of Lincoln Way and Ash. It's right up here. You just go up the hill, and it's just a little ways down. It's 311 Ash, and this will give you an opportunity to talk with Ms. Chávez and ask you some questions if you want. Linda Chávez is a senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research. She is currently working on writing a book on Hispanics in the United States. In 1986, she ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate for Maryland. She previously served as the Director of Public Liaison in the White House under President Reagan. In 1983, she was appointed by President Reagan as director of the US Commission on Civil Rights. Ms. Chávez is also a regular commentator for the National Public Radio. We'd like to welcome Ms. Chávez.\r\n\r\n- Thank you very much. It's a pleasure to be here in Ames, Iowa, and I have come prepared for Iowa winter with my wool sweater and my Kleenex tissue. And without further ado, let's proceed. As some of you may have noticed in the bio that was included in the brochure, in addition to the things that Mark told you about I was also recently president of US English, an organization that promotes laws to declare English the official language of the United States. And during the question and answer period I would be happy to discuss that issue, along with the issue which I am about to speak to you on, which is the issue of affirmative action. In fact, in a dinner with some of the students beforehand I think we talked about everything from my knowledge and involvement with Ollie North in the White House to making English the official language. So I hope that during the question and answer period you will feel free to engage in discussion on any of the issues that arise. I've been asked, as a part of your Institute On National Affairs Week, to give a conservative perspective on civil rights, a task which I think some people would consider an impossible one. It's become fashionable lately to assume that the term \"conservative\" and \"civil rights\" forms what we English majors call a perfect oxymoron when linked together. It's a little bit like calling somebody \"pretty ugly.\" The civil rights establishment suggests that the last eight years have seen an unmitigated rollback in civil rights brought on by a conservative administration whose interest was to undo the gains made by Blacks and other minorities over the last quarter century. To suggest otherwise is heresy, many would claim. Yet that is exactly what I intend to do this evening, to suggest that the civil rights movement has strayed from the course it set 25 years ago, and that much of what the Reagan administration attempted to do was to set that course straight again. So if you prefer, you can consider me a heretic, a dissenter from the dogma of racial preference that has come to characterize the civil rights movement in the last quarter century. That is you can consider me a heretic unless you wish to dispense with this heretic as previous generations have. There'll be no burning at the stake tonight. I thought about beginning this talk with a recitation of the accomplishments of the Reagan administration in enforcing civil rights. Few people know, for example, that the justice department last year prosecuted more defendants on criminal violations of civil rights laws than have been prosecuted since the criminal section of the civil rights division was created. Few people know that the justice department, in two employment cases alone last year, won more than $10 million in back pay awards for victims of discrimination. Few civil rights leaders acknowledge that it was the Reagan administration last year which pursued the case against the city of Yonkers, which found that city guilty of housing discrimination and school segregation. And I could go on. But the issue of the Reagan administration's record in regard to civil rights in most people's minds comes down to one single issue: affirmative action. You're likely to believe that the Reagan administration has done a poor job in enforcing the nation's civil rights laws if you are in favor of affirmative action programs that give preference to members of minority groups and women in order to overcome the effects of past discrimination. On the other hand, if you believe that such affirmative action programs have become part of the problem of racial discrimination in this country rather than its antidote, you're likely to view the last eight years in far more favorable terms. In either case, the administration's accomplishments in fighting racial violence, or voting rights violations, or pursuing equal housing opportunity, seem almost irrelevant. What the administration will be remembered for, by both its admirers and its detractors, is its stand against race- and gender-based preference. How ironic that the administration's position on this issue was not fully vindicated until a few days after Ronald Reagan left office. I'm speaking, of course, of the Supreme Court's decision on January 23rd, barely two weeks ago, in the case City of Richmond versus J.A. Croson. In an unequivocal six-to-three vote, the majority of the court found unconstitutional a plan adopted by the city of Richmond to set a fixed percentage of contracts to be awarded to minority contracting firms. The city adopted the plan to overcome what it described as broad-based societal discrimination, which it claimed resulted in less opportunity for Black contractors. The court's reasoning in the place was clear. Writing for the majority, Justice Sandra Day O'Connor said, \"Absent searching judicial inquiry into the justification for such race-based measures, there is simply no way of determining what classifications are benign or remedial, and what classifications are in fact motivated by illegitimate notions of racial inferiority or simple racial politics.\" The Richmond case involved a program of minority business set-asides, but the rationale that the court used in reaching its decision extends more broadly, and indeed was in large part premised on a decision involving an employment case two years ago, Wygant versus Jackson Board of Education. In both cases the courts found that a municipality that wishes to employ a racial preference program cannot rest on broad-based assumptions of historical discrimination. In other words, a claim that society has discriminated in general against members of a specific group cannot be used to justify racial preference for members of that group absent a finding of discrimination. \"Rather,\" the court said, \"to accept Richmond's claim that past societal discrimination alone can serve as the basis for rigid racial preferences would be to open the door to competing claims for remedial relief for every disadvantaged group. The dream of a nation of equal citizens in a society where race is irrelevant to personal opportunity and achievement would be lost in a mosaic of shifting preferences based on inherently unmeasurable claims of past wrongs.\" Despite the court's admonition, however, how else can one describe the goal of most affirmative action programs today, except as an attempt by every group that has faced historical discrimination in this society to right past wrongs by insisting on current preferences. The reasoning goes like this: Blacks were enslaved, denied equal opportunity by Jim Crow laws, and suffered the consequences of separate and unequal educational systems. Therefore, Blacks as a group are entitled to minority business set-asides like the one in Richmond, university admission under different criteria than that that is applied to non-minorities, and a percentage of jobs and promotions equal to their percentage in the workforce. The reasoning goes: American Indians were driven from their lands, killed, herded into reservations, educated in government schools that denigrated their culture. Therefore Indians as a group deserve the same set-aside and affirmative action programs, and education and employment, as Blacks. The reasoning goes: Mexican-Americans were denied educational opportunity and jobs in some parts of the country. Therefore they too must have the same programs available to them as do Blacks and Indians. Japanese and other Asians were barred entry into the United States, and Japanese-Americans had their property confiscated during World War II. Therefore they too must be eligible for programs available to Blacks, Indians, and Mexican-Americans. Women were denied the right to vote, were paid unequal wages for the same work as men, and were barred from certain jobs and education programs. And women too must be eligible for the same programs created to redress the wrongs against Blacks, Indians, Mexican Americans, and Asians. These five groups alone comprise a majority of Americans. In fact, the last group, women, comprise a simple majority of Americans, a majority of Americans who by this reasoning are eligible for affirmative action programs, and preferences in education, hiring, promotion, and government contracting. In deciding the Richmond case, the court did not ban all such affirmative action programs that are based on the notions of righting past wrongs. The court doesn't operate that way. They deal with each specific case on the specific instances of the case before them. But it was just such a ban that the Reagan administration sought in eight years of arguing before the court, that only the actual victims of discrimination were due recompense. Nonetheless, the court's decision in Richmond affirmed the principle that racial preference, whether to give advantage to those in the majority or those in the minority, whether to give advantage to those who had been members of a group who had been discriminated against in the past or were members of the group doing the discriminating is inherently repugnant, even when practiced in the name of overcoming a history of past discrimination. Justice Scalia said it most eloquently in his concurring opinion. He said, \"The history of overcoming the effects of past discrimination is as nothing compared with the difficulty of eradicating from our society the source of those effects, which is the tendency, fatal in a nation such as ours, to classify and judge men and women on the basis of their country of origin or the color of their skin. A solution to the first problem that aggravates the second is no solution at all. I share the view,\" he said, \"expressed by Alexander Bickel, that discrimination on the basis of race is illegal, immoral, unconstitutional, inherently wrong, and destructive of a democratic society.\" Justice Scalia's opinion sums up the conservative perspective on civil rights. And I use the term \"conservative\" not just in its political meaning, but in the sense of wishing to conserve, to preserve the motivating principles of civil rights law. The debate over whether some preference ought to be given to those groups who've suffered discrimination is not a phenomena of the last eight years. Such debates have taken place since the advent of the modern civil rights movement. In 1963, the public debate on racial quotas elicited President Kennedy to observe that the past could not be undone, and that most Blacks wanted only equal treatment, not special preference. \"I do not think,\" he said, \"we ought to begin the quota system. We're too mixed, this society of ours, to begin to divide people on the basis of race.\" Fears that the civil rights law about to be adopted in 1964 would lead to quotas spurred the inclusion of a specific prohibition against special preference in the act itself. The act says, \"Nothing contained in this title shall be interpreted to require any employer to grant preferential treatment to any individual or to any group because of their race, color, religion, sex, or national origin of such individual or group.\" Some of you may be familiar with the oft-quoted promise of Senator Hubert Humphrey during consideration of the legislation. He said that if the civil rights law were ever interpreted to require racial quotas he would eat every last page of the bill on the floor of the Senate. Needless to say, Senator Humphrey honored his pledge with as much regard as the courts honored the plain language of the law itself. But even though the debates about racial preference as an appropriate remedy for discrimination are as old as the civil rights movement, those debates have changed in character in the last decade. No one suggested in 1963 and '64 that in order to be thought of as a civil rights advocate you had to believe that the effects of racial discrimination could only be overcome by a system that granted preference to previously discriminated against groups. Some people, though not a majority, believe from the beginning of the modern civil rights movement that racial justice required preferential treatment for those who've been victimized by past racial discrimination. But not all persons who call themselves civil rights advocates, or who were accepted by others as civil rights advocates, believed in such programs of special preference. Unfortunately, such is not the case today. Anyone who even suggests that such programs may be fraught with danger is automatically branded an enemy of civil rights, and is accused of trying to turn back the clock of civil rights enforcement. Thus the general attitude among civil rights advocates that the Reagan administration, and conservatives in general, are anti-civil rights. Again, I think the Richmond case serves to illustrate why such judgments are not only unfair, they are irrational. Every reasonable person would agree that this country's history has been marred by racial discrimination, and that discrimination has been directed most perniciously in this society at Blacks, and most pervasively over the history of this country at Blacks living in the southern United States, particularly in the era before the passage of the modern civil rights laws. Surely Blacks living in Richmond, Virginia constitute a group that has faced past racial discrimination. We can all agree on those facts in the Richmond case. Where the disagreement comes is in deciding what actions the government of Richmond can take to overcome the effects of past discrimination. The city of Richmond, in 1983, decided that this past history of societal discrimination against blacks in the United States, and in Richmond specifically, was justification to adopt a plan to require 30% of all of the city's construction contracting work to be awarded to minority businesses. The city did not, when it considered this plan, offer proof of actual discrimination in the construction industry. The city limit such set-asides to those businesses that might have been harmed by unlawful past discrimination. But it did not limit the set-aside to members of the group most likely to have been the victims of such discrimination. In Richmond, that of course would have been Blacks. Instead, the city set aside such contracting to be performed by any business that was 51% owned by Blacks, Hispanics, Asians, Indians, Eskimos, or Aleuts. That is specifically the way in which the Richmond set-aside program is enacted into law. Such businesses did not even need to be based in Richmond. Indeed, the law as written would have allowed all of the work to be performed under this plan by an Aleut living in Alaska, or an Asian living in San Francisco. What possible relationship does hiring a Hispanic, or Indian, or Asian contractor to perform work in Richmond, Virginia have to do with remedying past discrimination in that city against Blacks? The Supreme court thought that it had very little relationship. \"It may well be,\" said the court, \"that Richmond has never had an Aleut or Eskimo citizen.\" Because the court was only concerned with the specific case of the Richmond set-aside program, it did not speak more broadly about the inherent flaws and the rationale that underlies all such affirmative action programs, whether in minority business set-asides, employment programs, or education. But the same flaws exist in all such programs. I've already acknowledged that Blacks, Hispanics, Indians and others have faced discrimination in employment and education in this country. And indeed many still do. There are doubtless, in this very room tonight, persons who have been the victims of such discrimination. I'm confident that at least one of you in this room, or perhaps one of your parents, faced some discrimination in employment or education in the past. But how are the effects of that discrimination alleviated by programs that give me, Linda Chávez, a preference in hiring or promotion, or that give one of my sons a preference in admissions to a university? Yet as an Hispanic woman, both I and my children qualify for such special preferences under those programs. Should I be given a job, or my child a place in graduate school because your father, or my father for that matter, was denied a job or university placement because of the color of his skin? I think not. Again, Justice Scalia summarized it best. \"Those who believe that racial preferences can help to even the score display and reinforce a manner of thinking by race that was the source of injustice, and that will, if it endures within our society, be the source of more injustice still. The relevant proposition is not that it was Blacks, or Jews, or Irish who were discriminated against, but that it was individual men and women created equal who were discriminated against. And the relevant resolve is that that should never happen again. Racial preferences appear to even the score in some small degree, only if one embraces the proposition that our society is appropriately viewed as divided into races, making it right that an injustice rendered in the past to a Black man should be compensated by discriminating against a White. Nothing,\" wrote Justice Scalia, \"is worth that embrace.\" What Justice Scalia was talking about was preserving the principle that all men are created equal, endowed by their creator with the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, that every person should be guaranteed the equal protection of the laws. These principles are colorblind. I believe that it's important that we remember in this silver jubilee year that it was these very principles that guided the civil rights movement and that led to passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Thank you.\r\n\r\n- Now for question and answer session...\r\n\r\n- Yes?\r\n\r\n- You said that... Tell me what was the... The dissenting judges and what they said.\r\n\r\n- Justice Thurgood Marshall wrote the opinion for the dissenting judges, and it was Justice Marshall's belief that in fact the only way to overcome the history of discrimination in this country, a history that he believes pervaded the society, was to enact the kinds of special preferences that were adopted by the city of Richmond in setting aside minority business for subcontractors who were themselves members of racial minority groups.\r\n\r\n- You talked all the way through about how programs- What about programs designed for the present discrimination that goes on?\r\n\r\n- The whole argument for affirmative action, unlike the argument for laws which enforce non-discrimination, is premised on the belief that one must compensate victims of past discrimination, or members of groups that were discriminated against in the past. I think most people believe that the best way to ensure that no discrimination takes place now is to enforce civil rights laws and statutes which are on the books. The only question comes when you try to balance whether or not it is fair to treat a person who is a member of a racial minority that may have faced discrimination in the past as if he can in fact compete with equal opportunity in the present, and that's where the debate upon affirmative action begins. Non-discrimination laws that require that no person can be denied a job, or denied promotion, or be denied admission to school on the basis of his color, his race, his national origin, or his or her gender, are on the books and are in fact being enforced. It was those laws, and specifically the law on employment discrimination, that amounted last year to the award of back pay that I referred to in the suit that the administration brought against two employers who were found guilty of that discrimination. Yes?\r\n\r\n- I have a question.\r\n\r\n- One correction, the tribe is Aleut. They consider a mispronunciation of that word to be a racial slur. You, as staff director of the Commission on Civil Rights, know very well that American Indians were not covered under the 1964 act. And I think it's unfair to lump them together with all other groups, but rather were covered under the very separate group of laws passed in 1968.\r\n\r\n- I am very aware of that, and as a matter of fact, when I was staff director of the civil rights commission I instructed the staff of the commission to begin meeting with Native American groups to talk about hearings, and a series of of what we call consultations, on the problems of civil rights violations against Native Americans. Those meetings have progressed, and in fact, I think last year there were several visits to the southwest in particular, and meetings on reservations on the problems with civil rights violations against Native Americans.\r\n\r\n- Yes?\r\n\r\n- How are minorities given preferences under the affirmation action that is not also under a group that's-\r\n\r\n- The question was \"How are minorities given preferences under affirmative action that is not also equivalent to a quota program.\" There are really two theories about the purpose of affirmative action. One theory that I can embrace and accept is the notion that because some groups have been denied, particularly educational opportunity, in the past that it's important to make a special effort to be able to include those persons in training programs and in educational opportunity so that they can compete on an equal footing in the future. Those kinds of affirmative action efforts are efforts that try to reach out, and to recruit people, and to provide them with adequate training and adequate education, so that in the future they will not rely on a form of special preference or on a quota, but will be able to compete on their own merits. Other programs like the one enacted in Richmond make no such claim. As the court said in the Richmond case, the fact that there may not have been Aleuts, or Eskimos, or Indians, or Hispanics who had faced past discrimination in the city of Richmond, nevertheless did not stop the city from insisting that a certain percentage of business be set aside for competition by those groups. And whenever a legal entity, a state government, whether it be a municipal government, state government, or the federal government, enacts such preferences, they come to act as quotas. And quotas, I believe, most people find abhorrent, and most people find as a danger to the principle of equal opportunity that motivated the civil rights movement of the 1960s.\r\n\r\n- I have kind of a fascinating question, first of all. You talk about civil rights and the civil rights movement. How do you try and divorce that in certain agencies when it's primarily not even by whites? Take, for instance, the Alabama police force. They get a government action to establish more Black and Hispanic stations. You think that's gonna work? I would think... I would think that promotes more discrimination.\r\n\r\n- I think the best way to stop discrimination is to stop counting people by race and ethnic origin, to enforce the clear wording of the civil rights law, which is that no one should be denied a job because of the color of his or her skin. We have laws on the book that require that kind of non-discrimination. In a case like Alabama, where you had the state trooper system there, which had for years and years denied Blacks the opportunity to be able to compete for jobs, I believe it's appropriate not just to say we're not going to discriminate from this day forward, but it's important that you do engage in certain kinds of recruitment programs and training programs so that Blacks who in the past might not have applied for those positions because they knew they would be turned down on the basis of their skin are made aware that equal opportunity now prevails. I think that is a far more preferable system than to decide that you are going to next year hire a certain percentage of people based on the color of their skin. That kind of reasoning, which divides people along racial lines, I think leads ultimately to the same kind of discrimination that you're trying to overcome in passing such programs. And I'll give you a very clear example, an example that involves universities. In the state of California, the University of California system is now under investigation because it is believed that the state is denying equal opportunity to Asian students. 15, 20 years ago, Asians, like Blacks, and like Hispanics, and other disadvantaged groups, were given access to affirmative action programs and were allowed to compete on a basis different from the standards applied to regular admission to the university. But because Asians have, in that past 20 years, not only come up to meet the standards of normal entry into the university, but in fact are now among the highest scoring students who apply for admissions to the university, they have begun to take more than their, quote, \"share\" of those places. And so about five years ago, the university said, \"We're not going to allow Asians to participate in our affirmative action programs,\" despite the fact that Asians, and specifically Asians in California, have faced very severe and pernicious discrimination in the history of that state. But Asians now are excluded from participation in those programs. But still, Asian students are coming into the system in greater and greater numbers. Now the university is being accused, not just of excluding Asians from programs that ostensibly are for disadvantaged minorities who faced discrimination at the past. Now the university is being accused of feting an absolute quota on the number of Asian students it will admit because the proportion of white students in the University of California system has dropped below their proportional share of the population of the state. That's what happens when you begin dividing places up by race. It is the same kind of discriminatory quota program that Jews faced in the 1930s and the 1940s in universities in this country. Now Asian students are the subject of that same kind of discrimination. And I think it is a good example of the way in which when you begin to divide people on the basis of the color of their skin it may seem like initially you're offering them opportunity, but as they prove themselves, and in fact, move in and are able to compete in the normal setting, that quota begins to be a ceiling, and is used to discriminate against those very groups that in the past were recipients of special preference. Yes?\r\n\r\n- I think we can go out that way. Just constantly adjusting quotas and making it very fair. That's what- How are you lowering the quotas in the legislature? How can you take 400 years of discrimination, at the end of which say, \"We're now equal. We're starting off together.\" It seems to me that's viciously hypocritical. That would mean-\r\n\r\n- Nobody is suggesting that that be done.\r\n\r\n- I think that's what you're saying. How can you take a society where education is paid for on a local level so that anybody poor, in an inner city or in a poor part of the city, doesn't get one quarter spent on them in terms of what gets spent in a rich suburb, and then say to those people at the end, \"We're equal. We're starting together.\" It seems to me, again, that's viciously hypocritical.\r\n\r\n- Well, first of all, let's get back to where you started in terms of dividing on the basis of race. You're absolutely right. There are societies in which such divisions are made. Mao's China, for example, during the height of the cultural revolution did in fact enact programs of so-called reforms in education which allotted places on the basis of ethnic groups. There are societies in which the majority decides who will have what percentage of jobs in the workforce and what kinds of admissions. There are societies such as South Africa in which a minority decides who shall be placed where on the basis of the color of their skin. That is not the kind of society that I think most Americans envision for the United States. I think our goal, though it's never been perfectly lived up to, has always been the goal of equal opportunity, and the goal of providing the right of the individual to be able to succeed on the basis of his or her own effort and merit. Nobody is suggesting that you can wipe out a history of 400 years of discrimination. In the case of some groups, Asian-Americans, for example, that history is somewhat shorter. What is being suggested is that you cannot right that wrong by continuing the same racial mindset that led to that discrimination in the first place. A far better way is to enforce non-discrimination in the present to ensure that every employer is held accountable, to make sure that he or she is not judging people on the basis of their skin color, or their race, or their gender. And then to go beyond that, to try and make available opportunities for education, for training so that groups can in fact compete. The Supreme Court, when it looked at the Richmond case, suggested for example that there were a variety of race-neutral programs that could have been enacted in Richmond which would have led to more benefits for Black Richmond contractors than the program that the city adopted. It could, for example, have abandoned the bonding requirements, which kept so many small and minority businesses outside the ability to compete. It could've provided a whole pool of funds that would help for Black entrepreneurship, or any kind of entrepreneurship for small businessmen who are members of a disadvantaged group. What the court said that it could not abide was simply to divide up the city of Richmond into preferences that were based on skin color.\r\n\r\n- On your notes you have enforcing the law, just enforce the non-discriminatory law. That would suggest that businesses and universities are going to apply and read consciously with more morals and not discriminate. If you don't count, how are you going to decide that a firm that's all White and all male has not discriminated? How are you going to enforce that? How are you gonna do that without being able to count how many Black men or how many Black women are actually there? You're just gonna give them in good faith and conscience-\r\n\r\n- It's not a matter of good faith. First of all, most of the civil rights laws that we're talking about, even now in the housing area, didn't used to be true in the housing area. But even now in housing, there are very stiff penalties against persons who violate those laws. If you were an employer, and you're found to have discriminated against employees, you not only have to hire those persons, you have to give them back pay, and sometimes that amounts to large sums of money, as it did last year, with two cases that the justice department filed. $10 million that went to several hundred people who had been the actual victims of discrimination. The Supreme Court has, in a variety of court cases over the last 25 years, said that if you find an employer who has never had a Black employee, or a woman, or a minority, whatever the person, the group is that is charging discrimination, that is suspicious. And the employer then has to show that there's a reason for that. Now, if you are the... Sandia Lab in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and you're involved in nuclear research, and you have not had a Black PhD in physics on your staff, it may not be because you discriminated against Blacks. It may be that the pool of persons with a degree that would qualify them for that job is very small.\r\n\r\n- Which goes back to discrimination in higher education.\r\n\r\n- Not necessarily. It goes back to the available pool of workers. And some of that available pool depends not just on discrimination, but on preference, what kinds of degrees people pursue. It isn't necessarily proof of discrimination, but it's suspicious. And then the burden for proof shifts. It shifts from the person who's charging the discrimination to the employer who has to prove that there's some reason behind that absence of persons from that group. And the court has, over the history of that 25 years, insisted that employers prove that that suspicious circumstance was not the result of discrimination but some other cause, and there are indeed other causes in certain circumstances why a particular racial group, or women for example, would not be found. But the mere finding that no one was in that job is not proof of discrimination. It is simply a suspicious cause that makes you then look further to look to see if discrimination has taken place. Our whole legal system is based on such balancing acts. It's not just in the affirmative action area. It's in other areas as well, where the burden of proof shifts from the person bringing the charge to the person being accused. Yes?\r\n\r\n- You said that the Supreme Court decision in the Richmond case vindicated the Reagan position on civil rights. yet three of the justices that voted on the majority in that case were appointed by Reagan himself. Do you think that there's a problem there in that you're saying-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112139#t=0.0,2817.93306"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - AV203803_Civil_Rights_a_Conservative_Perspective_b.mp3"]},"duration":1409.82857,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/112/140/small/lecture.png?1620122908","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/112/140/original/AV203803_Civil_Rights_a_Conservative_Perspective_b.mp3?1620122908","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":1409.82857,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203803_Civil_Rights_a_Conservative_Perspective_b.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Existing over time, it's not static.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=5.77,8.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It always changes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=8.39,10.086"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The fact that three of those persons that were appointed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=10.086,13.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were appointed by Reagan,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=13.22,14.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think probably does have something to do, uh,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=14.72,18.695"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the, uh, outcome in that decision.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=18.695,21.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's very clear that the Reagan administration's view","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=21.32,24.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on race preference, is a view that does not believe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=24.9,29.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that kind of preference,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=29.68,31.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but neither did the majority of persons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=31.92,35.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who voted in 1964, to make the civil rights law,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=35.22,39.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the law of our land, believe in racial preference.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=39.21,42.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they went so far as to specifically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=42.01,44.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spell that out in the act itself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=44.83,47.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I object to, is not that some people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=47.81,52.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"criticize the administration and say that they want","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=52.09,56.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"affirmative action to include such special preferences,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=56.0,59.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that those same people suggest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=59.82,62.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that if you're not willing to buy into that system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=62.03,64.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you are somehow a racist and somehow antithetical","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=64.76,69.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the whole goals of the civil rights movement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=70.35,73.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No one suggested that in 1964,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=73.17,75.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when Hubert Humphrey said he'd eat the pages of the bill.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=75.73,79.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why isn't it today that somebody who questions the wisdom","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=79.23,83.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of racial preference, is suddenly a racist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=83.08,86.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and suddenly an enemy of civil rights.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=86.25,90.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=90.75,91.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, the president you worked for recently","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=91.583,92.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has said that top civil rights leaders,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=92.93,95.264"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"such as Jesse Jackson and Benjamin Hooks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=95.264,97.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are out for their own personal glory,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=97.92,100.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether they are their own people, I mean.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=100.47,103.062"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=103.062,105.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, as a matter of fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=105.56,106.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it isn't Ronald Reagan's bizarre logic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=106.62,109.325"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The American Enterprise Institute","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=109.325,112.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"publishes a magazine called Public Opinion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=112.19,114.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And a few years ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=115.46,117.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two of the people who are demographers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=117.16,119.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and who measure public opinion in the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=119.42,122.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wrote a very important article.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=122.84,124.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the person's name is Lichter, Judy Lichter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=124.19,126.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can't remember the co-author's name.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=126.64,128.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what they did was to commission a national 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rise","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=532.22,534.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the standards in those education programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=534.54,537.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I believe the two are in fact linked,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=537.94,541.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they're not linked in a causal way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=541.78,544.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It isn't because we're spending money on education","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=544.41,547.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the quality has declined,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=547.93,550.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I do believe that if you were to try and 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norms,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=564.14,567.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in our acceptance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=567.27,569.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of certain kinds of standards in school,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=569.01,571.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that one time would have been unthinkable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=571.17,573.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=574.55,575.664"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I guess I'm, people have not said here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=575.664,579.022"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said nothing about what you said about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=579.022,581.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think we all share some responsibility","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=581.833,584.595"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the safety of (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=584.595,587.147"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But your answers, to me, sounds like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=587.147,589.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a man who stands with his foot on my neck","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=590.98,594.617"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he promises me every day","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=595.77,597.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he will do everything that he can,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=598.72,600.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to help me get to my feet, except take his foot off my neck.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=600.95,605.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I said that to say this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=608.57,609.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a person who lived through the civil rights 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okay?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=615.779,617.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What motivated us was of opportunity, not one a preference.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=619.051,624.051"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't see how you cost the confused affirmative action","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=624.97,628.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"preferences like whoa, we were talking about opportunity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=628.71,633.567"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and here's the opportunity we're talking about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=633.567,636.026"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I was a young boy in Florida,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=636.026,638.507"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was in the top 20% of the students in that state.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=638.507,642.356"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I couldn't go to the university of Florida in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=642.356,644.257"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gainesville, not because I was not qualified,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=644.257,647.795"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not because I did not score 1200","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=647.795,649.618"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the Florida state examination.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=649.618,651.635"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Only because I was a black American.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=651.635,654.695"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we're going to talk about opportunities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=654.695,656.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not about privileges and not about causes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=656.51,659.266"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(applause)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=659.266,661.191"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e The way in which the way to eliminate that kind of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=661.191,665.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"discrimination is to enforce non-discrimination in our laws,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=665.08,669.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"giving my son preference to be admitted to the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=670.6,675.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"university of Pennsylvania,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=676.14,678.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because his mother's is Hispanic American,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=678.08,682.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"does not solve the wrong that was perpetrated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=682.7,686.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against you 20 years ago, by a different state.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=686.73,691.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The way to stop that kind of discrimination is to say that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=691.27,695.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no school will be allowed not to admit any person,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=695.23,700.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"regardless of his race, his color, or that person's gender.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=700.65,705.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If he or she can meet the standards of that school,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=708.0,711.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is not to say that we're going to write that wrong","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=711.63,715.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=715.56,717.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by giving a special preference to somebody who may never","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=717.22,721.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been discriminated against simply because that person","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=721.21,724.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a member of a minority group.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=724.5,727.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, but, but if it was that simple.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=727.63,730.127"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The 13th, the 14th and 15th amendment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=730.127,733.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would helped those problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=733.65,735.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e No it's not, because in fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=735.53,737.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Given while it was simply as you put it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=738.95,741.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those three documents, would've helped the problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=741.49,744.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They did not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=744.55,746.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e In fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=746.05,746.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they did not because States continued to count and divide by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=746.883,751.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"race. And that's why in 1964,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=751.06,753.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we passed a law saying that that could not any longer be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=753.79,757.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"done the way in which to write that wrong is not to suggest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=757.41,762.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that a new generation of persons is going to be counted by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=762.55,766.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"race and special preferences are going to be given because","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=766.3,770.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of those past wrongs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=770.41,771.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I would like to ask one more question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=775.4,778.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As someone, as a fellow Republican, like you said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=778.1,780.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a member of the central committee,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=780.93,782.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I firmly feel that English as an official language is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=784.38,788.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"discrimination and seeks to establish a new level of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=788.95,792.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"discrimination and discriminates against me personally,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=792.76,796.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as an American Indian, I would like for you to talk about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=796.53,798.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being if english should be the official language of America.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=798.97,803.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e First of all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=803.86,804.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all persons in this society have the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=804.693,807.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"same constitutional rights, regardless of what","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=807.74,810.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"state laws are passed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=810.4,812.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You cannot pass a law which discriminates against the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=812.75,816.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right of free speech of any individual.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=816.22,818.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No state can do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=818.36,819.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If they try to do it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=820.93,822.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they go into court they'll be found in violation and the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=822.05,824.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"penalty, the full weight of the federal government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=824.65,826.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will come down against that state.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=826.55,828.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As in fact happened in the city of Richmond,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=828.14,830.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was found to be discriminating against persons on 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language,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=841.34,844.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I believe has very little practical significance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=844.14,849.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It has some symbolic 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conceivable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=855.62,858.259"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"language background, not all of us, some of us well, even,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=858.259,861.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even those of us who trace our immigrant roots back,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=861.7,865.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"literally hundreds, maybe a thousand years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=865.54,868.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nonetheless came at some point,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=868.21,870.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we are a nation of immigrants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=870.53,872.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as immigrants coming to this country,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=872.85,876.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of the things that has been the beauty of this land is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=876.56,880.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we have all become Americans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=880.56,884.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have put aside in order to take part in a new society","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=884.31,889.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that which was part of our past. Now, for some groups,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=890.33,893.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is involved some pain and some suffering and some loss.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=893.6,898.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Language is one of those things that sometimes get lost in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=900.96,905.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=905.5,906.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My roots are Spanish and Indian.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=907.61,912.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My family lived for nearly 400 years in the state.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=912.6,916.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is now the state of New Mexico.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=916.74,919.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I grew up speaking English as my common language.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=919.5,923.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not because that was the language I was born 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comments,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=956.36,959.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not all societies are built that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=959.25,962.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are some societies which have a variety of 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into","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=970.2,974.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mainstream and to integrate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=974.56,976.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And even when we haven't been able to successfully 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other,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=989.98,991.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no matter what our background I think has helped to create","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=991.99,995.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and forge a national American identity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=995.07,998.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When laws are passed, that recognize that common language.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1000.58,1004.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think those laws have symbolic 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life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1019.93,1021.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can speak whatever language you choose in your home,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1022.12,1025.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in your church, in your synagogue,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1025.6,1027.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in your community group and in your private business.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1027.59,1031.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The only thing that declaring English as the common 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that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1037.56,1041.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"English will be the law of government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1041.14,1043.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't believe that that is a violation of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1044.37,1047.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"individual rights that are guaranteed under","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1047.51,1049.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the first amendment to the constitution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1049.52,1051.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One more.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1054.45,1055.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e We have time for two more questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1055.363,1057.107"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if we have further questions, please join us at,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1057.107,1059.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"311 ash (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1059.57,1060.807"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Hi I was curious, lets say, lets assume that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1062.634,1067.634"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"affirmative action was in place and, you state that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1067.867,1072.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"take those and you are discriminating against those.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1074.56,1079.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now we have that same power scene, going on for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1080.461,1084.378"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the environmental causes, and you still have people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1085.331,1089.144"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct) society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1089.144,1091.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How would we accomplish (indistinct) if we don't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1091.07,1094.107"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know the solution to address companies whether they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1096.546,1099.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are large or small, when they do discriminate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1099.75,1102.804"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against persons (audience member speaks indistinctly).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1102.804,1107.804"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e The same way you, you enforce all laws.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1107.89,1110.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The whole basis of our legal system is one that that is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1110.59,1114.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"based on the idea of punishing offenders.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1114.15,1116.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you pass a law that says it's illegal to murder someone,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1118.13,1121.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have to pass a penalty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1123.082,1123.915"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can't simply slap somebody on the wrist and say, no, no,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1123.915,1126.287"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no, no. Don't do that again. In fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1126.287,1128.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of people think that's exactly what we have been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1128.64,1130.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doing in criminal law in the last 25 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1130.58,1133.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because if the penalty is not stiff enough,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1133.81,1137.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the individual person who wants to commit that crime is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1137.09,1139.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going to say, Hey, why not go ahead and commit it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1139.9,1142.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's really no penalty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1142.9,1144.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a little like jaywalking.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1144.92,1146.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A lot of people jaywalk because you don't get","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1146.53,1148.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thrown in jail when you jaywalk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1148.82,1150.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You may get a warning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1150.89,1151.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You may get a piece of paper with a fine on it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1151.79,1154.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe some minimal fine people say, well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1154.31,1156.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll take that risk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1156.58,1158.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The way to ensure that civil rights laws are properly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1158.19,1161.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enforced, And that employers don't violate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1161.46,1163.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those laws is to make the penalty to the employer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1163.92,1167.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So great that there's no incentive to break the law.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1167.03,1171.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1171.55,1172.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's what the Reagan administration has been doing over","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1172.83,1175.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the last four years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1175.89,1177.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those employers last year who paid out $10 million in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1177.25,1181.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back pay awards to people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1181.27,1182.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who have been discriminated against","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1182.7,1185.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know that they had more than a slap on the wrist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1185.37,1187.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was money out of the profits of those companies that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1187.6,1191.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were used to penalize those companies for having","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1191.653,1194.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"discriminated. And it's those kinds of penalties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1194.85,1198.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And by the way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1198.25,1199.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of these penalties can involve criminal penalties,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1199.083,1201.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not just civil penalties of fines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1201.85,1204.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you were found in criminal violation of violating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1204.71,1207.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"someone's civil rights, you can end up in jail.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1207.84,1210.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's the enforcement of laws by,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1210.6,1213.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by making sure that the penalty is stiff enough and that the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1213.21,1216.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"resources are available to prosecute those persons that I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1216.48,1220.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think will ensure that those laws are in fact abided by.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1220.03,1225.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you actually think that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1225.252,1226.637"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean we have the death penalty for murder.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1226.637,1229.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People still killing people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1229.18,1231.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You think its really that simple?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1231.09,1233.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean do you think its really that simple?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1235.065,1238.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Do I think you're ever going to eliminate from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1238.71,1241.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"human nature, the desire to do wrong, to do evil?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1241.67,1245.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No, I don't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1245.09,1246.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't believe we've reached the millennium yet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1246.96,1249.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't believe that we've reached a time when everyone","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1249.83,1252.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"behaves under the golden rule that doing it to others is as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1252.51,1256.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he or she would have done it to himself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1256.68,1258.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No, I don't believe that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1258.39,1259.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's why you have penalties though.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1259.95,1262.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's why you try and make those penalties match the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1262.3,1265.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"crime. And all I'm suggesting is that it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1265.9,1268.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over the last eight years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1268.47,1270.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Reagan administration has been more aggressive in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1270.19,1272.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prosecuting some of these criminal violations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1272.83,1275.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of the violations of voting rights,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1275.77,1277.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of the violations of violations against people who've","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1277.49,1282.425"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been involved in racial violence, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1282.425,1285.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's that kind of enforcement that is likely to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1285.26,1287.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"discourage law breaking in the future. Last question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1287.95,1291.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e How can you have so much faith in the judicial system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1292.223,1295.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the law when","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1295.743,1297.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he told us that I Iowa that minorities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1301.45,1304.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get two times the punishment non-minorities get,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1304.62,1309.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they go to (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1309.3,1310.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How can you have so much faith in the judicial system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1312.951,1315.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and say that they don't discriminate against minorities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1315.89,1320.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, one has to have some faith in,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1320.66,1323.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in some of the institutions in our society. If you don't,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1323.3,1325.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you become an anarchist and I am not going to become an","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1325.94,1329.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anarchist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1329.04,1330.434"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I don't think that the society would be a better place","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1330.434,1332.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if we all decided to enforce those rules ourselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1332.82,1336.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you have to have a certain amount of faith in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1336.66,1339.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"institutions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1339.27,1340.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If I didn't believe that I would not have run for the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1340.66,1342.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States Senate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1342.97,1344.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if I didn't believe that we were a nation of laws and that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1344.07,1346.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was some value in being a nation of laws,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1346.81,1350.542"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then I would have not had partaken in the political system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1350.542,1354.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I don't think that you can simply throw up your hands in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1354.87,1359.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"despair as this gentleman has and said that, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1359.82,1362.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's always going to be bad, bad apples in the crowd,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1362.18,1365.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or you're going to throw up your hands in despair and say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1365.3,1368.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"look, sometimes crooks get away,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1368.06,1369.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And sometimes people who were not guilty end up suffering.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1369.96,1374.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those things always happen in, in,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1377.05,1379.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in any system of jurisprudence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1379.24,1382.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What you have to hope for is a system in which those cases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1382.67,1386.854"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are few and far between,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1386.854,1389.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the vast majority of the persons in this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1389.05,1391.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that system view the system as a just one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1391.34,1395.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience members speaking)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1395.363,1399.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=1400.54,1401.373"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25214/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/214/original/AV203803_Civil_Rights_a_Conservative_Perspective_b.vtt?1620122909","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/214/original/AV203803_Civil_Rights_a_Conservative_Perspective_b.vtt?1620122909"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25215","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203803_Civil_Rights_a_Conservative_Perspective_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140/transcript/25215/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Existing over time, it's not static. It always changes. The fact that three of those persons that were appointed were appointed by Reagan, I think probably does have something to do, uh, with the, uh, outcome in that decision. It's very clear that the Reagan administration's view on race preference, is a view that does not believe in that kind of preference, but neither did the majority of persons who voted in 1964, to make the civil rights law, the law of our land, believe in racial preference. And they went so far as to specifically spell that out in the act itself. What I object to, is not that some people criticize the administration and say that they want affirmative action to include such special preferences, but that those same people suggest that if you're not willing to buy into that system, that you are somehow a racist and somehow antithetical to the whole goals of the civil rights movement. No one suggested that in 1964, when Hubert Humphrey said he'd eat the pages of the bill. Why isn't it today that somebody who questions the wisdom of racial preference, is suddenly a racist and suddenly an enemy of civil rights. Yes?\r\n\r\n- Well, the president you worked for recently has said that top civil rights leaders, such as Jesse Jackson and Benjamin Hooks, are out for their own personal glory, whether they are their own people, I mean.\r\n\r\n- Well, as a matter of fact, it isn't Ronald Reagan's bizarre logic. The American Enterprise Institute publishes a magazine called Public Opinion. And a few years ago, two of the people who are demographers and who measure public opinion in the United States, wrote a very important article. One of the person's name is Lichter, Judy Lichter. I can't remember the co-author's name. And what they did was to commission a national survey based on scientific methodology, where they went out and polled a certain sample of persons that representative of the group as a whole, and question them on a whole variety of issues involving civil rights. And what they found is that the views held, specifically on racial preference, by the overwhelming majority of leaders in the civil rights movement, were not in fact held by the majority of black Americans. That there was a tremendous gap between the views of the leadership of black America and black Americans themselves. I don't think that simply stating that some leaders in the civil rights movement are motivated more by their own self-interest than they are out of concern for persons who are members of their constituency is any different than suggesting that members of Congress are sometimes more motivated by self-interest than they are by their constituent. You can point to dozens of examples in the United States House of Representatives and in the Senate, when a particular congressman or woman or senator votes in a way that represents a tiny segment of his or her constituency, rather than voting the interest of that entire constituency. He may do that because a particular lobbying group has given him money and he sees it in his self-interest that in order to be able to run next time, he votes the way the National Rifle Association or the American Medical Association or people for the American way want him to vote, rather than the way a scientifically measured poll of his constituents would be. So, I don't think it's any different what Ronald Reagan said, than to suggest that politics is politics. Yes?\r\n\r\n- I'm still troubled by the way in which the conservative movement deals with the concept of funding or financing not University education or secondary education, but elementary education in the country. And I think I'd like to hear your perspective on what we do to address the problem of how to deal with - in homes that are in poverty levels. A significantly high proportion have been black children higher than white children being raised in single parent homes not having access to school systems which are generally funded locally, as I think another questioner mentioned, and which provide a lower quality education, I see these children in my classroom at a collegiate level. They are already literally years behind many of their white counterparts who had the advantage of a more traditional, suburban, white oriented elementary education. How do you propose that we deal with that .`\r\n\r\n- Well, first of all, I don't think that you can that you can suggest that the problems of our inner cities today, specifically the problems of the underclass today, are directly attributable to a lack of funding. In- Well, laugh if you will, but in 1965, Daniel Patrick Moynihan wrote a paper warning that the black family was in jeopardy in the United States, that one out of four black children were being born out of wedlock. And that that decline in the black family would have enormous consequences in the future opportunity for black Americans. Daniel Patrick Moynihan was branded a racist for talking about that. Today, more than one out of two black children are born to single mothers. The link between poverty and race is a far more tenuous link than the link between poverty and whether or not the child is born into a family in which there is both a father and a mother present. If you were born into a single parent household, your chances of being poor are better than two to one. At the very time that we began to be aware of this problem, we began putting money into programs that we later came to call the war on poverty. There was no real war on poverty. It just sort of begun in 1965 when Daniel Patrick Moynihan was writing about the problems of the decline of the black family. Since that point, we have poured in literally hundreds of billions of dollars into trying to solve the problem of poverty. The fact that we are spending hundreds of times, thousands of times, more money today than we were in 1965 has not led to a strengthening of the black family or to decline in the out of wedlock birth rates among blacks. The two simply do not jibe. As money went up, the family went down. And in fact, as I understand it, last year at this, at this university, you had Charles Murray come and talk about why he believes that the two were more than coincidentally related. It's his view, that as the government decided to take over responsibility for the care of dependent children, that that encouraged the very breakup in the family that was being warned about in the 1960s. In terms of education, it was not until 1965 that any federal money went to elementary and secondary education. In 1965, before a penny of federal money was being spent on educating elementary and secondary school children in America, test scores were above what they are today. Children were staying in school, children were learning. So the fact that we've been pouring money into that program for nearly 25 years now, has not meant that we've seen a rise in the standards in those education programs. I believe the two are in fact linked, but they're not linked in a causal way. It isn't because we're spending money on education that the quality has declined, but I do believe that if you were to try and understand what's going on in our education system, you would find that money is simply not the solution, that it has to do with a much broader breakdown in societal values and norms, and in our acceptance of certain kinds of standards in school, that one time would have been unthinkable. Yes?\r\n\r\n- I guess I'm, people have not said here, said nothing about what you said about I think we all share some responsibility about the safety of . But your answers, to me, sounds like a man who stands with his foot on my neck and he promises me every day he will do everything that he can, to help me get to my feet, except take his foot off my neck. Now, I said that to say this, as a person who lived through the civil rights period, as a person who worked for diligence for the past civil rights act, okay? What motivated us was of opportunity, not one a preference. I don't see how you cost the confused affirmative action preferences like whoa, we were talking about opportunity and here's the opportunity we're talking about. When I was a young boy in Florida, I was in the top 20% of the students in that state. And I couldn't go to the university of Florida in Gainesville, not because I was not qualified, not because I did not score 1200 on the Florida state examination. Only because I was a black American. So we're going to talk about opportunities, not about privileges and not about causes.\r\n\r\n- The way in which the way to eliminate that kind of discrimination is to enforce non-discrimination in our laws, giving my son preference to be admitted to the university of Pennsylvania, because his mother's is Hispanic American, does not solve the wrong that was perpetrated against you 20 years ago, by a different state. The way to stop that kind of discrimination is to say that no school will be allowed not to admit any person, regardless of his race, his color, or that person's gender. If he or she can meet the standards of that school, it is not to say that we're going to write that wrong against you, by giving a special preference to somebody who may never have been discriminated against simply because that person is a member of a minority group.\r\n\r\n- Well, but, but if it was that simple. The 13th, the 14th and 15th amendment would helped those problems.\r\n\r\n- No it's not, because in fact,\r\n\r\n- Given while it was simply as you put it those three documents, would've helped the problem. They did not.\r\n\r\n- In fact, they did not because States continued to count and divide by race. And that's why in 1964, we passed a law saying that that could not any longer be done the way in which to write that wrong is not to suggest that a new generation of persons is going to be counted by race and special preferences are going to be given because of those past wrongs.\r\n\r\n- I would like to ask one more question. As someone, as a fellow Republican, like you said, a member of the central committee, I firmly feel that English as an official language is discrimination and seeks to establish a new level of discrimination and discriminates against me personally, as an American Indian, I would like for you to talk about being if english should be the official language of America.\r\n\r\n- First of all, all persons in this society have the same constitutional rights, regardless of what state laws are passed. You cannot pass a law which discriminates against the right of free speech of any individual. No state can do that. If they try to do it, they go into court they'll be found in violation and the penalty, the full weight of the federal government will come down against that state. As in fact happened in the city of Richmond, which was found to be discriminating against persons on the basis of race, it tried to pass an unconstitutional preference program. Declaring a language, the official language or the national language, I believe has very little practical significance. It has some symbolic significance. We're a nation of immigrants in the United States. We're made up of people from every conceivable language background, not all of us, some of us well, even, even those of us who trace our immigrant roots back, literally hundreds, maybe a thousand years, nonetheless came at some point, but we are a nation of immigrants. And as immigrants coming to this country, one of the things that has been the beauty of this land is that we have all become Americans. We have put aside in order to take part in a new society that which was part of our past. Now, for some groups, this is involved some pain and some suffering and some loss. Language is one of those things that sometimes get lost in that process. My roots are Spanish and Indian. My family lived for nearly 400 years in the state. What is now the state of New Mexico. I grew up speaking English as my common language. Not because that was the language I was born with. People learn a language, but because it was the language of the marketplace. And because it was the common language of this society, others have come here from places like Italy and Poland and France and Russia, and have brought with them a language which sometimes gets lost after a series of generations. And it gets lost because there has been a value in this society on being able to communicate with each other. Again, going back to somebody's previous comments, not all societies are built that way. There are some societies which have a variety of language and in fact, recognize more than one language. But our goal has always been to be able to communicate into mainstream and to integrate. And even when we haven't been able to successfully achieve that goal, that is nonetheless, been the goal and the guiding principle. Having a common language, I believe enhances that process. Being able to communicate with each other, no matter what our background I think has helped to create and forge a national American identity. When laws are passed, that recognize that common language. I think those laws have symbolic significance, but no law declaring any language, the national or official language can take away the right of an individual to speak whatever language he or she chooses in his private life. You can speak whatever language you choose in your home, in your church, in your synagogue, in your community group and in your private business. The only thing that declaring English as the common official language has done in the States in which it's been passed. And it's now been passed in 17 States is to declare that English will be the law of government. I don't believe that that is a violation of the individual rights that are guaranteed under the first amendment to the constitution. One more.\r\n\r\n- We have time for two more questions. And if we have further questions, please join us at, 311 ash .\r\n\r\n- Hi I was curious, lets say, lets assume that affirmative action was in place and, you state that take those and you are discriminating against those. Now we have that same power scene, going on for the environmental causes, and you still have people society. How would we accomplish if we don't know the solution to address companies whether they are large or small, when they do discriminate against persons .\r\n\r\n- The same way you, you enforce all laws. The whole basis of our legal system is one that that is based on the idea of punishing offenders. If you pass a law that says it's illegal to murder someone, you have to pass a penalty. You can't simply slap somebody on the wrist and say, no, no, no, no. Don't do that again. In fact, a lot of people think that's exactly what we have been doing in criminal law in the last 25 years. Because if the penalty is not stiff enough, the individual person who wants to commit that crime is going to say, Hey, why not go ahead and commit it. There's really no penalty. It's a little like jaywalking. A lot of people jaywalk because you don't get thrown in jail when you jaywalk. You may get a warning. You may get a piece of paper with a fine on it. Maybe some minimal fine people say, well, I'll take that risk. The way to ensure that civil rights laws are properly enforced, And that employers don't violate those laws is to make the penalty to the employer, So great that there's no incentive to break the law. And in fact, that's what the Reagan administration has been doing over the last four years. Those employers last year who paid out $10 million in back pay awards to people who have been discriminated against know that they had more than a slap on the wrist. That was money out of the profits of those companies that were used to penalize those companies for having discriminated. And it's those kinds of penalties. And by the way, some of these penalties can involve criminal penalties, not just civil penalties of fines. If you were found in criminal violation of violating someone's civil rights, you can end up in jail. And it's the enforcement of laws by, by making sure that the penalty is stiff enough and that the resources are available to prosecute those persons that I think will ensure that those laws are in fact abided by.\r\n\r\n- Do you actually think that, I mean we have the death penalty for murder. People still killing people. You think its really that simple? I mean do you think its really that simple?\r\n\r\n- Do I think you're ever going to eliminate from human nature, the desire to do wrong, to do evil? No, I don't. I don't believe we've reached the millennium yet. I don't believe that we've reached a time when everyone behaves under the golden rule that doing it to others is as he or she would have done it to himself. No, I don't believe that. That's why you have penalties though. And that's why you try and make those penalties match the crime. And all I'm suggesting is that it, over the last eight years, the Reagan administration has been more aggressive in prosecuting some of these criminal violations. Some of the violations of voting rights, some of the violations of violations against people who've been involved in racial violence, for example, and it's that kind of enforcement that is likely to discourage law breaking in the future. Last question.\r\n\r\n- How can you have so much faith in the judicial system and the law when and he told us that I Iowa that minorities get two times the punishment non-minorities get, when they go to . How can you have so much faith in the judicial system and say that they don't discriminate against minorities.\r\n\r\n- Well, one has to have some faith in, in some of the institutions in our society. If you don't, you become an anarchist and I am not going to become an anarchist. And I don't think that the society would be a better place if we all decided to enforce those rules ourselves. So you have to have a certain amount of faith in institutions. If I didn't believe that I would not have run for the United States Senate, if I didn't believe that we were a nation of laws and that there was some value in being a nation of laws, then I would have not had partaken in the political system. So I don't think that you can simply throw up your hands in despair as this gentleman has and said that, you know, there's always going to be bad, bad apples in the crowd, or you're going to throw up your hands in despair and say, look, sometimes crooks get away, And sometimes people who were not guilty end up suffering. Those things always happen in, in, in any system of jurisprudence. What you have to hope for is a system in which those cases are few and far between, and the vast majority of the persons in this, in that system view the system as a just one.\r\n\r\n- Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40500/file/112140#t=0.0,1409.82857"}]}]}]}