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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=5.36,8.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, indeed, it's going to be another United Nations day,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=10.26,15.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I will tell you a little bit how my views have evolved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=17.659,22.659"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on education and how then it came that United Nations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=24.48,29.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"began to create first few universities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=32.21,36.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In a nutshell, I would say that when I was young, your age","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=42.54,47.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was wrongly educated by the French,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=48.13,51.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I was wrongly educated by the Germans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=52.26,55.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I come from a region of France called Alsace-Lorraine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=56.16,59.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which has always been (mumbles) over by France and Germany","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=61.24,66.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I remember that until the Germans came in 1940,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=68.14,71.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all my education was how great France was, our colonies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=74.29,79.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Kings, the Napoleons, all the victories and so on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=79.74,83.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and about the world, you didn't hear very 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literature,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=92.61,95.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"civilization and then the war broke out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=95.96,100.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and soon thereafter, the Germans came","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=100.37,103.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I remember the first hour in class with the Germans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=104.09,107.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where a pro-German professor showed up and he said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=107.75,111.447"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Anyone who speaks French from now on will be fined,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=111.447,114.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"and everything the French taught you was wrong,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=115.447,120.037"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"France is a decadent country and we're going to show you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=120.037,123.847"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"how great Germany is.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=123.847,126.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then we have to learn about Germany,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=126.61,129.132"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany (speaks in foreign language) as they said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=129.132,131.632"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then they wanted to put us into the German army,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=133.01,135.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had all kinds of adventures,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=135.73,137.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't want to go into the German army,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=137.43,139.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was quite badly impressed by the dictatorial 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Hitlerism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=148.45,151.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I tried to escape, I was imprisoned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=153.09,156.296"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and by the Gestapo,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=156.296,157.879"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was escaping again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=158.74,160.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"finally landed in the French underground","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=160.37,162.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and had incredible adventure seeing killings, tortures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=164.2,169.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of which I would have never thought 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Leon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=221.29,222.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and when I came back the following morning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=223.95,225.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I learned that all these young people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=225.74,227.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had been shot in front of the cemetery.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=227.39,230.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I went to run to our commander and I shouted,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=232.0,235.087"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I had promised these young people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=235.087,236.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they would be safe and you got them killed.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=236.86,240.977"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was even a priest who tried to stop them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=241.96,245.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then he said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=245.63,246.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Well, what we found is that the peasants in the village","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=246.463,251.217"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"told us that there was a fire in a big barn.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=251.217,255.317"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"We went to see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=255.317,257.467"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"and we found about 60 Frenchmen burned alive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=257.467,262.467"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"with nails in their draws","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=263.167,264.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"and barbed wiles around their hands.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=265.917,269.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Later we discovered that these were the prisoners","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=269.72,272.979"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of (speaks in foreign language) with the famous Nazi,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=272.979,277.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bartleby, where he was responsible for these killings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=277.54,281.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when I was there, I swore to myself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=282.8,286.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I'm going to spend my life for peace,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=286.06,288.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because this could not continue, this was too horrible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=288.98,293.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that I had to do something about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=293.163,295.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So when I came home my father asked me,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=295.96,299.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"What are you going to do now that the war is over?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=301.057,302.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"You have to go to university.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=302.743,304.847"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said, \"I'm not going to become a medical doctor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=305.81,308.777"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"as I intended to, because it's no point healing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=308.777,313.037"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"about 2,500 or even 1,000 people during a lifetime,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=313.037,318.037"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"it is millions of people that have to be healed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=318.827,321.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"from what I saw in this war.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=322.867,325.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I said, \"I'm going to work for peace.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=325.88,329.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So he said to me, \"You are crazy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=329.42,330.737"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"there is no profession for peace.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=330.737,333.187"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The name is Mueller, there are so many Duelers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=334.05,337.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we are just simple hat makers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=337.61,339.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if you want to go into diplomacy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=340.45,343.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have to be a noble man,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=343.32,344.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have to come from a great family,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=344.153,347.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so you are going to lose your time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=347.08,349.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, I went to Strasbourg, studied law and economics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=349.46,353.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one day I saw an advertisement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=354.92,357.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of United Nations Association, this is why I'm so grateful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=357.57,361.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the United Nations Associations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=361.12,362.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of which we'll have a chapter here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=363.7,365.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a former prime minister Paul-Boncour","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=366.255,369.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was President of The League of Nations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=369.05,372.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at one point gave an essay contest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=372.36,374.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where he gave some money and the fellowship","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=376.4,379.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in United 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Government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=382.58,383.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I hesitated but I said to myself,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=384.98,387.527"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Since you want to do something for the world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=387.527,389.844"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"this question is addressed to you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=389.844,391.837"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"how would you indeed govern the world in peace?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=391.837,393.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I wrote the essay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=393.623,395.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I won, went to the United Nations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=396.1,399.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and have remained there ever since.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=399.82,402.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And three days before my retirement in 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secondly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=780.69,783.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also because the world had no world statistics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=783.99,786.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Until 51 we didn't even 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2030","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=835.09,838.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in certain cases like population and climate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=838.95,842.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least 100 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Hammarskjold","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=934.12,938.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and discovered that in the long run","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=938.56,940.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any wonderful boss to United Nations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=940.66,943.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one day wakes up and asks the question,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=943.47,945.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what is it all 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A.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2073.91,2078.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are absolutely fabulous and what I like best","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2078.36,2082.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is they are not at all interested in the past,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2082.83,2085.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what went wrong or something, they are all future oriented.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2085.87,2089.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They come up the top Brazilians now have decided to create","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2089.49,2093.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a Portuguese speaking community with Portugal,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2093.35,2096.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Angola, Mozambique, the Panamanian is now asking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2096.46,2101.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the Panama canal should be put","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2101.6,2103.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the world administration and things like this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2103.81,2107.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they are really very forward looking.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2107.69,2110.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Something which is also important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2110.95,2112.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that they are on a supranational ground,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2112.7,2115.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Costa Rican government has declared","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2115.57,2117.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that those 2008 acre rule sold, they are world territory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2117.65,2122.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there's no police, the legislation has been,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2122.5,2126.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has made it a supranational territory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2126.16,2128.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People sometimes ask me, \"With whom are you accredited?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2128.67,2133.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My answer says, \"To whom,\" the only person","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2133.11,2135.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to whom we could be accredited is God","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2135.98,2137.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he has not asked any questions so far.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2138.67,2140.631"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2140.631,2142.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or she hasn't asked any questions so far.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2142.48,2145.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we have an international radio for peace","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2145.41,2148.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which we we're never able to have in the United Nations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2149.25,2151.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in New York nor in Geneva nor in Vietnam because governments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2151.87,2154.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't want you to have an international radio for peace.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2154.77,2158.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have one there financed by American citizens,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2158.04,2161.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as matter of fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2161.87,2162.914"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just discovered that this time the foundation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2162.914,2164.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Muscatine is sending us programs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2164.87,2167.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it's a peace foundation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2167.4,2170.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that we have peace news around the world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2170.15,2173.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the students also go there to make programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2173.5,2176.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We want them to get straight away involved into politics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2176.9,2181.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that again this international radio for peace","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2182.79,2185.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where I've never asked for the permission","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2185.1,2186.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the International Telecommunications Union","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2186.9,2189.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because we're above the nations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2189.43,2190.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why should we ask a question?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2190.84,2192.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If they ask some day,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2192.66,2193.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we we'll explain this to them and that will be it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2193.81,2196.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in this fabulous place, it is beginning now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2196.71,2201.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be better recognized as a potential instrument","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2201.73,2206.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by government because the Cold War is over.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2207.26,2209.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The United States didn't like the idea at all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2210.343,2213.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they wanted to remit it towards Costa Rica","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2213.11,2216.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and whatever was mentioned, peace, peace education","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2216.34,2219.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had always a little bit a communistic flavor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2219.9,2223.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So this has now disappeared, United States is all in favor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2223.12,2226.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of dividend translation of Central America","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2226.79,2229.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that they should spend the money on development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2229.42,2231.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"instead of the military.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2231.58,2233.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that from now on the university","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2233.66,2236.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think is going to have a takeoff after 10 years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2236.553,2239.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Secretary General Boutros Ghali","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2240.22,2242.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who is a research man in peace is now going to nominate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2242.8,2246.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a council with some very famous people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2246.89,2250.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the next few weeks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2250.01,2251.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And from that moment on, I'm sure that more governments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2251.62,2254.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will ratify the treaty and to contribute to it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2254.38,2259.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So far, we have been hesitant to have reciprocal exchanges","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2260.22,2264.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the universities because we are not formed enough","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2266.05,2270.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to do that, this afternoon we'll have a little 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UN,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2274.87,2277.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is one more which has been created","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2277.9,2280.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the International Maritime 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oceans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2287.0,2291.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"discovered at one point that accidents were increasing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2291.65,2295.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because many of the boats, they have a Western command","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2295.51,2298.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all the technicians, even the regular technicians","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2298.5,2301.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and others are insufficient to train","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2301.36,2304.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they all come from the Philippines and from Taiwan,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2304.21,2307.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that the government of Sweden has offered the 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technicians","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2313.48,2318.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or young people from the developing world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2318.84,2321.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can have entire courses on maritime safety.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2321.79,2326.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So this is where we are today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2326.34,2328.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of UN universities, as you can see,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2329.55,2333.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is a very small beginning,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2333.51,2336.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"governments don't like the idea of world universities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2336.73,2340.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a matter of fact, George Washington, when he died","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2340.53,2342.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he left only in his inheritance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2342.95,2345.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to create a United States University.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2345.94,2348.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was never created, the money disappeared.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2348.78,2351.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At that time every state wanted to have his university","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2351.87,2355.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and for the world, it is about the same.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2355.6,2357.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One thing I would like to conclude with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2358.59,2360.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that in my opinion, without any hesitation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2360.9,2365.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the greatest and best university in the world for me,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2366.609,2369.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was United Nations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2369.91,2371.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is where I've learned about the world, about humanity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2371.75,2375.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it is a pity that we have not yet 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universities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2380.43,2384.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have, for example, at University For Peace,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2384.71,2387.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we are getting every day,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2387.74,2388.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the major reports of every specialized agencies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2388.89,2391.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm fabulously informed here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2391.92,2394.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about every great global problem in the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2394.13,2397.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In all universities, there should be a special 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them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2646.3,2648.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we can create more universities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2648.36,2650.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Perez de Cuellar the outgoing Secretary General","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2650.63,2653.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has established $250,000,000 fund","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2653.63,2656.447"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"called the Secretary General's fund,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2656.447,2658.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he requests governments to participate out of the interest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2658.96,2662.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One half would go to the creation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2662.76,2665.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Regional Peace Universities in every continent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2665.25,2668.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the other would go to the Secretary General","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2668.89,2671.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to allow him to do what he wants without getting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2671.4,2674.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the permission of this, of the security council.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2674.61,2677.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that there is a lot to do,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2677.84,2680.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is when I visit universities around the world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2680.94,2684.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is a void, there is a gap","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2684.133,2686.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between this type of enormous brain and nervous system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2686.91,2691.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which United Nations has become, the rain is not so bad,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2693.57,2698.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"still information, the nervous system is pretty bad still","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2698.62,2703.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all this has to be perfected","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2704.06,2706.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to allow the human species","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2706.95,2709.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to progress on this planet in a better way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2709.08,2712.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can do it, we now know our planet,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2712.43,2715.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we know humanity, we know every subdivision","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2715.33,2718.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the infinity now, from the infinity small,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2718.01,2720.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we know our globe, we know humanity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2720.96,2723.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"down to individual human rights, everything is known.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2723.22,2727.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We know our history, paleontology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2727.02,2729.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we are looking into the future,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2729.34,2731.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the first time ever, we are now enabled on this planet","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2731.4,2735.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to take care of our home and to manage it better.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2735.88,2739.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This will be the next phase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2739.94,2742.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into which we will go and it will be enormously facilitated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2742.46,2747.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the fact that at long last the major political division","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2748.12,2751.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on this planet has disappeared.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2751.76,2754.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sorry for having been so long, it is an enormous subject","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2754.64,2758.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I hope that we will make substantial progress.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2758.46,2762.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is a lot about education in the 21st century,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2762.02,2767.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've just come from a conference in Cincinnati","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2767.4,2769.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they had it as a subject, it was 25 countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2770.57,2773.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNESCO is also looking into universities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2775.51,2778.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the 21st century, so that a lot is going to happen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2778.61,2782.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this field and I hope that we will make more progress","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2782.19,2785.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than in the past because what I've told you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2785.43,2788.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shows to you that this has been only nibbling around","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2788.86,2792.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with many political obstacles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2792.28,2794.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the lack of understanding of the global needs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2794.72,2798.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and imperatives which we have on this planet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2798.96,2801.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2801.37,2802.481"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602#t=2802.481,2805.481"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27329/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/329/original/AV204123_The_United_Nations_Peace_and_the_Unversity_a.vtt?1622143608","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/329/original/AV204123_The_United_Nations_Peace_and_the_Unversity_a.vtt?1622143608"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27330","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204123_The_United_Nations_Peace_and_the_Unversity_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42955/file/115602/transcript/27330/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Well, indeed, it's going to be another United Nations day, and I will tell you a little bit how my views have evolved on education and how then it came that United Nations began to create first few universities. In a nutshell, I would say that when I was young, your age I was wrongly educated by the French, and I was wrongly educated by the Germans. I come from a region of France called Alsace-Lorraine which has always been over by France and Germany and I remember that until the Germans came in 1940, all my education was how great France was, our colonies, the Kings, the Napoleons, all the victories and so on and about the world, you didn't hear very much it was France, France, France, which had a lot to offer of course, in terms of literature, civilization and then the war broke out and soon thereafter, the Germans came and I remember the first hour in class with the Germans where a pro-German professor showed up and he said, \"Anyone who speaks French from now on will be fined, \"and everything the French taught you was wrong, \"France is a decadent country and we're going to show you \"how great Germany is.\" And then we have to learn about Germany, Germany as they said, then they wanted to put us into the German army, I had all kinds of adventures, I didn't want to go into the German army, I was quite badly impressed by the dictatorial education Nazism was trying to do with us, they all wanted us to become servants of Hitlerism. So I tried to escape, I was imprisoned and by the Gestapo, I was escaping again, finally landed in the French underground and had incredible adventure seeing killings, tortures of which I would have never thought possible between two civilized countries like France and Germany. When the war was over, I came home, learned that my father had been in prison for a year and I remember at one point, in front of the city of Leon, we had captured a number of young Germans. There were not even soldiers, they were the Arabites these, say they were shoveling they had instead of a rifle, had a shovel, they were too young for this and I have made appeals to the Germans to surrender, and a group of these young boys had surrendered because I had told them that we were not savages they would not get killed but I had to leave them behind because it was a group of Lanacans. We went towards Leon to participate in the liberation of Leon and when I came back the following morning I learned that all these young people had been shot in front of the cemetery. I went to run to our commander and I shouted, \"I had promised these young people that they would be safe and you got them killed.\" There was even a priest who tried to stop them and then he said, \"Well, what we found is that the peasants in the village \"told us that there was a fire in a big barn. \"We went to see \"and we found about 60 Frenchmen burned alive \"with nails in their draws \"and barbed wiles around their hands.\" Later we discovered that these were the prisoners of with the famous Nazi, Bartleby, where he was responsible for these killings. And when I was there, I swore to myself that I'm going to spend my life for peace, because this could not continue, this was too horrible and that I had to do something about it. So when I came home my father asked me, \"What are you going to do now that the war is over? \"You have to go to university.\" I said, \"I'm not going to become a medical doctor \"as I intended to, because it's no point healing \"about 2,500 or even 1,000 people during a lifetime, \"it is millions of people that have to be healed \"from what I saw in this war.\" So I said, \"I'm going to work for peace.\" So he said to me, \"You are crazy, \"there is no profession for peace.\" The name is Mueller, there are so many Duelers, we are just simple hat makers and if you want to go into diplomacy, you have to be a noble man, you have to come from a great family, so you are going to lose your time. Well, I went to Strasbourg, studied law and economics and one day I saw an advertisement of United Nations Association, this is why I'm so grateful to the United Nations Associations of which we'll have a chapter here and a former prime minister Paul-Boncour who was President of The League of Nations, at one point gave an essay contest where he gave some money and the fellowship in United Nations to the student who would write the best essay on the World Government. So I hesitated but I said to myself, \"Since you want to do something for the world, \"this question is addressed to you, \"how would you indeed govern the world in peace?\" So I wrote the essay. I won, went to the United Nations and have remained there ever since. And three days before my retirement in 86 I had the pleasant surprise that they appointed me chancellor of the first university for peace in Costa Rica. So that I have never had any retirement, although I do not accept a salary over $1 chancellor of University For Peace. So then I spent all my adult life in United Nations. And it was an extraordinary life, very pessimistic at the beginning because it was not a universal organization and my opinion when I saw the Russians, the Americans, the Chinese, the black, the white, the poor countries, my conclusion at that time was in 20 years of another war because if the French and the Germans could make it, they will never make it. That's totally impossible, the Muslims, the Jews impossible and that there would be hundreds of occasions where they would blow up another war. As a matter of fact all the organizations in Lorenos who lived in New York city and who received me because I came from their region we are friends, they all moved out of Manhattan, both themselves found in the upper state of New York that's it because it's going to be the same knowledge between the Russians and the Americans. So they left the city and didn't want to be killed in the atomic war. That was the altitude at that time and today I was like, now 69 years old, I must say that I'm astonished that there was no world war and that in the meantime from 46 nations, United Nations is now universal, recently expanded to 179 nations and I have seen this organization not succeed in the political field because armaments increased incredibly because the cold war stopped any efforts in the political field. The military staff committee that was supposed to have a world security system and after having introduced this, was supposed to look into disarmament, they met at the time at Hunter College in New York for some good political brains to devise a security system but from the moment the cold war broke out, it was finished. They went home, no efforts of the security council to bring about the security system because there would have been a veto from one side or another. And I'm very happy now to live a completely new experience namely that was the end of the cold war the security council functions again and I've just received a few days ago a fantastic report on the kind of security system of a military nature which will be created as the revival of the military staff committee. As a matter of fact, the report will be issued tomorrow and preface by McNamara and Cyrus Vance written by experts of the Naval Academy of Monterey and you will certainly hear about it in the press, it will be a major discussion in the times to come. As a matter of fact since the cold war ended, the peacekeeping operations of the UN jumped ahead very quickly, first of all you had the security council that intervened in Iraq, that is something which didn't please everyone and which was only possible because the Soviets didn't put a veto, as a matter of fact, for the first time ever, the Russians even had a small peacekeeping force in Iraq. Today we have 12 peacekeeping operations and two very big ones, one in Cambodia was 24,000 UN soldiers, which is again an innovation because in Cambodia for the first time the UN is administering an entire country, pending elections and the installation of a democratic system. There has been only one case where a country was internationally administered, it was the solitary treat before the pre-decide in 1935, so we have now a second case of a country being run by the UN on a daily basis until the parliamentary institutions come in. And then you have the president of Yugoslavia, well, for the first time, the UN was asked to intervene into an internal conflict and violation of human rights and there they are at the moment, 14,000 soldiers. So there's a total of 50,000, I pity the poor Secretary General because I think that this is his daily responsibility to supervise all these peacekeeping operations. But this again indicates a tremendous change which I'm very happy to leave because most of my life in the UN I was luckily to not too much involved in political affairs. I had to, at one point I was a political advisor to the troops in Cyprus, I was involved in the Bangladesh affair, but not permanently and my luck was that since I was an economist, I was in the economic affairs and there, there was not the trouble which we had in political affairs and we were able over those 40 years to build an entirely new world. To the point that today we have 32 specialized agencies and world programs that cover practically every subject under the sun. And this was possible because it was requested by the developing countries in the first place, they wanted economic development and secondly, also because the world had no world statistics. Until 51 we didn't even know how many people lived on this planet. There hadn't been a sense of sense of times of the Roman when Jesus was born, we didn't know, we had only statistics for the Western powers and for their colonies and that was all. So that we built over these years and total inventory of the planetary hone of humanity and today in your universities, when you'll find the projections of the world populations to the year 2,100, when you get projections on the deterioration of the climate in the decades to come, all this is brought together and worked out in United Nations itself or in one of the agencies where the outlook is on the average of these 2030 and in certain cases like population and climate at least 100 years. So that I had a very happy life because I really could do something very constructive creating one new agency, one new aid program after the other. I was really at the forefront of all this and of course I could always tell myself that this was held in peace because it showed developed countries, will have less violence, et cetera, et cetera. But politically I got into the picture only at one point, namely in 1970, when we had as a secretary general who turned Burmese Buddhist, a wonderful man who became almost my Guru, my personal father or friend and from that moment on, there was a change in the direction of my life in two ways. The first way is that he was a deeply spiritual person. He practiced his Buddhism and when I learned, heard him speak about the philosophy of life in the universe and in time he revived my own spirituality. And since that time, I've always valued spirituality as being the ultimate and the highest value without which you will never understand what is going on, on this planet. And I began to study the mysticism of Dag Hammarskjold and discovered that in the long run any wonderful boss to United Nations, one day wakes up and asks the question, what is it all about? Why are we running around? What are we trying to do? And once you ask yourself this fundamental question about life and death, then you'll see the universe, you'll see eternity, you'll see our planet floating in the universe and as being part of it and from that moment on you are very likely to acquire a spiritual approach. And the second transformation he effected on me was that he was a teacher. He was the head of secondary school and he always repeated that the world would not find peace as long as we would not train and educate a new generation. He thought that our generation would not be able to make it because we were wrongly educated and that the new education was needed. That was his philosophy. He helped a lot, the development of international schools of which there are now about 400 in the world starting with only a couple after the second world war. And I remember that before he left office in the UN, I once asked him, I said, \"Look have you any unfulfilled dreams \"after these years almost 10 years in the United Nations?\" And then he told me, \"Yes, I have three dreams, \"the first one is that I would have liked to see \"the government in picking, take its seat \"in the United Nations. \"The second one, I would have liked to Pope John Paul two \"to come to the United Nations and give the world again \"a spiritual message instead of hearing all, \"only politicians and economists and sociologists, \"we never hear a spiritual view in United Nations.\" And then the third idea he had was that he always dreamed that there could be someday a United Nations university. So I said to him, \"Well why don't we work on all three things?\" So before he left, communist China was admitted to the UN, I was very deeply involved in this to the point that when he left and Mr Waldheim became Secretary General the Chinese insisted that I should accompany him to peaking as his political advisor and I had a fascinating time learning from Trygve Lie how old these things went and getting many historical aspects of hamascios rescue of the American fliers and so on. And the Pope also came, but he came at the time when Mr. Ban Ki was Secretary General so that I was put in charge of his visit and today it's why you'll see this cross, which he gave me at the end of the visit as thanks for having organized the visit. And then the third thing, which is of interest to you is the UN University. For a secretary general to make a proposal to the membership, the easiest instrument is that every year he has a report about 10 pages maximum which is the introduction to the yearly report of the secretary general on the work of the organization. That is a big report covering everything but this introduction has his personal observations and views and governments wanted to know how the next general assembly is going to go and this is where the Secretary General can launch a few ideas. And in this report, he wrote the sentence himself, it was only one line in which he said that he felt that a United Nations University should be created, that was all. The following day, I got telephone calls from delegations \"What is this? \"A United Nations university, is he taking this seriously? \"What does he mean?\" And then we had to explain a little bit what was going on and I told them also that since he was going to retire that I was sure that he would like to become director of this university because by saying this and since he was very much liked by governments, they would be more polite and they would not turn down the idea. And this indeed succeeded, UNESCO was called in, the president of Venezuela at that time became the chairman of the committee that worked out the creation of United Nations University. It was absolutely fascinating, you have all kinds of ideas, I remember there was one expert from UNESCO, he didn't really want to have a university, he wanted to have a Socratic place where thinkers would walk around, exchange ideas, a world think tank but not a university at all. Well finally, it became a UN university as a resolution of the General Assembly and as part of United Nations. When the general assembly decided to create it then the question was, where would it be located? The city of Toronto was offering $35,000,000 of endowment but I was a young Japanese working at the Secretary General's office who got the Japanese to offer $75,000,000. It is the same Japanese who today is the manager of Cambodia, that was quite a number of years ago, so he has now his 24,000 people there in Cambodia and has to run an entire country. So Japan, which was very anxious to get a United Nations agency got the seat of the university. For your information, practically all United Nations agencies are in the West. Washington, New York, Geneva, Paris, London, there is almost nothing elsewhere. And as matter of fact this is what Trygve Lie told us when we were in Peking, he said, \"Why are you sitting over there in the West \"and we, the two thirds of humanity, we do not count? \"You will have nothing here. \"Not even your security council \"would ever come and meet in one of our countries. \"I don't ask you to meet in China \"but at least you could meet somewhere.\" And as a result of his remark, we had then a meeting of the security council in Addis Ababa and in Panama and then later on, the thing disappeared again. So that Japan got their, is the first Asian country that got a UN institution located in Asia. We have, of course the regional economic commissions which are subsidiaries of Economic and Social Council and then Trygve Lie when the World Environment Program came up, he made sure and he vetoed a couple of things here and there until Nairobi was selected as the seat of the United Nations Environment Program. So we have now one program in Nairobi, Africa and we have the Tokyo University. Now the idea of Putant regarding university was the following, he wanted to create a bridge between the political world at the global level and the academic world, a two way bridge. In other words for the general assembly of the UN and the political world of the UN to tell academia what was needed from academia to help a field of progress of global affairs and peace and race it properly to have academia transfer to the politicians, their own utopias and their own views about the scientific and other sociological anthropological future of the world. That was his idea and then on top of this he had also the dream that it would be a spiritual university. Now, in reality, nothing of that sort of happened, when the university was created it run into political difficulties. The first political difficulty is that the US State Department which has never paid one penny to the university but exercised one payment as a kind of leverage, they said, we will never participate in this university if it deals with peace. All right, so as a result the UN University is never dealing with peace. And then secondly, when the first council was elected that they decided they wouldn't have any students. So you have now a UN university, which has no students. And the third thing they did is that they established as rector, the former rector of New York University, because he knew Japanese and again because the Japanese thought if we have an American rector, maybe the state department will change it's position and the US will contribute to it, that didn't work either. And then what he did is use the UN University to have a Nobel world economic report which would say the contrary of what United Nations did, he reinvented an agricultural and called all kinds of stuff on result and after a while the Japanese asked him to go home. Today we have a Brazilian rector nothing has changed except that the UN University is useful and even very useful, but only in one respect and it's an important respect. It has almost become, I would say a kind of world foundation to help the universities in the poor countries to deal with global problems. For example, thanks to university in Tokyo you will have now in central America an institution called INCAP which is dealing with the nutrition in all of central America. You have another nutritional system to study the nutrition of North Africa. In developing countries, you very seldom see much being done on Ocean biology. For example, in Costa Rica, well, here is a student from Costa Rica they have one Ocean biological institute on the Pacific. So I've recommended to them to turn to The UN University to get at least a second one on the Atlantic side. And this is what they are financing, population problems desertification, tropical agriculture, wherever the poor countries are not able in their universities to be as strong as they should be. It's very seldom that they have a faculty on desertification so that the UN University gives them substantial money, the Japanese are financing it very well. So this is what the first United Nations University is doing. Let me also say that at about the same time something similar to a university was created by the International Atomic Energy Agency, by a Nobel prize winner from Pakistan, Abdul Salam. By the way the UN got so far eight Nobel prices, seven in peace and one in atomic science. And he came to the conclusion that the type of education and training given to atomic scientists or students from the developing countries was not adapted to their needs, they went to American universities and it was not quite what they needed. So he got established in Trieste, an Institute of applied physics which now for quite a number of years has atomic students who are trained in the needs more particularly of the developing countries. So this, you could also include into the burrows of some university system of the UN. Then in 1979, things started to move in Costa Rica, there was a land owner of some beautiful hills near San Jose, who had no children and he had in his properties, a magnificent primeval forest, the last one in Latin America on the particular altitude was a very unique biology and we wanted to save that. So he said, \"How can I make sure \"that this will never be touched?\" And someone gave him the idea of offering it for the peace university. Now, Costa Rica is the most peaceful country on earth, they have demilitarized themselves in 1979, they have just received, now recently, the seats of the first council of scientists decided in Rio de Janeiro, every body every president wants to be more peaceful than the preceding one. Oscar Arias is the president who got the Nobel prize so that when this peasant went to see the president at the time, and our Costa Rican friend just told me that she is related to President Carazo, would be very happy to hear that I saw you, when he went to see Carazo, he said, \"I offer you are about 1,000 acres of land,\" it was a primeval forest to create University For Peace, so Carazo said, \"Wonderful, but I have a better idea, let us offer it to the United Nations and let us make it a world university. So that he went to the General Assembly, when I heard his speech, I went to congratulate him and I said, \"You are going to get every help of mine \"because this is exactly the dream Putant had and my own dream for peace, this is fabulous. Another committee was established, the university was created this time by a treaty adopted by the General Assembly. It is a very detailed text but since the university was supposed to have academic freedom it has been created outside of the United Nations as a child of the UN but it doesn't report to the UN and the UN cannot give it instructions. One drawback is that they also said if you want to have your academic freedom you can also have the freedom of getting your money and this of course was the main headache this university has had since that time. Now, at that time, of course a delegates said, \"But why do we need the University For Peace, \"we have United Nations University in Tokyo?\" And since this university could not prove that it was doing anything on peace they created The University For Peace. Now this is a university which has students but you would be very surprised if you went there because it is the smallest and poorest and least populated university on earth. It has only 60 students and two mastership programs, but it doesn't matter, they are brilliant, they come from every continent, they stayed there for two years, we have only two mastership programs, one in peace, international relations and United Nations and one in ecology for peace. There are few retired people like myself who are teachers without being paid. We have some Costa Rican professors who have continuous course on international relations, international law and then what we do is that we select from around the world the best professors in conflict resolution or whatever you can imagine in, for example, the common market, the European common market and then we ask them to come for two weeks and then they are there from 9:00 o'clock to 3:00 o'clock in the afternoon and leave, we pay them a fee, they go home and it is absolutely marvelous because we discovered that they can teach in two weeks, what they usually teach in another university in two years, because that ought to give the time, they give the students the essence of what they know, they are absolutely fabulous courses. We get also many of the UN officials and specialized agencies, since I have been coordinating the system for a number of years, I worked with every single one, whenever you are there, you have to come. So we get the head of UNESCO, the head of Fyon, now also we got many presidents, the Vice President of Costa Rica, of Panama was there a few weeks ago, the president of Honduras, it is a university that is also deeply involved in peacemaking in central America. We have helped a lot, Oscar Arias in the stipulus treaties. You can see at university guerrillas who come there to have the first contact with governments, the ministers of foreign affairs of every central American country, they come together before the presidents meet and they ask us for our utopias, what do you propose? So we can now do what Putant had on his mind at the time. It is a fabulous place, the only problem is that it has only few students. First of all, they are all post graduates, we do not even have any dorms, they live in little hotels in San Jose or with the population of Cologne. But they are from all continents, we make sure that at least a couple from every continent, we make absolutely sure that we give the good example by having 50% of young men and 50% of young women and I can tell you that of all the papers they have submitted to me I have never given below A. They are absolutely fabulous and what I like best is they are not at all interested in the past, what went wrong or something, they are all future oriented. They come up the top Brazilians now have decided to create a Portuguese speaking community with Portugal, Angola, Mozambique, the Panamanian is now asking that the Panama canal should be put on the world administration and things like this, they are really very forward looking. Something which is also important is that they are on a supranational ground, the Costa Rican government has declared that those 2008 acre rule sold, they are world territory. So there's no police, the legislation has been, has made it a supranational territory. People sometimes ask me, \"With whom are you accredited?\" My answer says, \"To whom,\" the only person to whom we could be accredited is God and he has not asked any questions so far. Or she hasn't asked any questions so far. And we have an international radio for peace which we we're never able to have in the United Nations in New York nor in Geneva nor in Vietnam because governments don't want you to have an international radio for peace. We have one there financed by American citizens, as matter of fact, I just discovered that this time the foundation of Muscatine is sending us programs because it's a peace foundation so that we have peace news around the world and the students also go there to make programs. We want them to get straight away involved into politics so that again this international radio for peace where I've never asked for the permission of the International Telecommunications Union because we're above the nations, why should we ask a question? If they ask some day, we we'll explain this to them and that will be it. So in this fabulous place, it is beginning now to be better recognized as a potential instrument by government because the Cold War is over. The United States didn't like the idea at all because they wanted to remit it towards Costa Rica and whatever was mentioned, peace, peace education had always a little bit a communistic flavor. So this has now disappeared, United States is all in favor of dividend translation of Central America and that they should spend the money on development instead of the military. So that from now on the university I think is going to have a takeoff after 10 years and the Secretary General Boutros Ghali who is a research man in peace is now going to nominate a council with some very famous people in the next few weeks. And from that moment on, I'm sure that more governments will ratify the treaty and to contribute to it. So far, we have been hesitant to have reciprocal exchanges with the universities because we are not formed enough to do that, this afternoon we'll have a little meeting on this particular subject. And then to finish the subject of universities in the UN, there is one more which has been created by the International Maritime Organization because the, this organization, which is responsible for safety on the seas and oceans discovered at one point that accidents were increasing because many of the boats, they have a Western command and all the technicians, even the regular technicians and others are insufficient to train and they all come from the Philippines and from Taiwan, so that the government of Sweden has offered the creation of University and International Maritime University in Malmo, Sweden where about 700 technicians or young people from the developing world can have entire courses on maritime safety. So this is where we are today in terms of UN universities, as you can see, this is a very small beginning, governments don't like the idea of world universities, as a matter of fact, George Washington, when he died he left only in his inheritance to create a United States University. It was never created, the money disappeared. At that time every state wanted to have his university and for the world, it is about the same. One thing I would like to conclude with is that in my opinion, without any hesitation, the greatest and best university in the world for me, was United Nations. This is where I've learned about the world, about humanity and it is a pity that we have not yet established the right relationship between the United Nations system and universities. We have, for example, at University For Peace, we are getting every day, the major reports of every specialized agencies. I'm fabulously informed here about every great global problem in the world. In all universities, there should be a special library on the world reports of the 32 specialized agencies and the UN itself. You should have in every university, in my opinion, the United Nations advisor, someone who knows what's going on in the UN, someone who knows about the long-term projection, then yearly reports would come out of the latest report and UNDP on human development, on anything you can imagine on earth, so that these goals include the faculties. I would really hope that one day, every university has someone who knows this. I would recommend also and it's not being done that in every discipline, there should be at least one course or at least one minimum hour or two hours, so that each of you knows what your international instruments are. A man who is, studies Medicine should know at least that the World Health Organization will give him a yearly trends of sicknesses around the world. I've never seen in any doctor's office the World Health Review, which every doctor should have. So that all this remains to be done, we have been preaching it, when I go to Peace highs in UNESCO I gave 24 proposals of what should be done. I want to also in New York, in Vienna and in Geneva I wanted to have a training program where a PhD in International Relations and Politics would come. At long last, now for the first time in New York, we have now a program, we are PhDs can come in political science and have thoughts and hear delegates and have internships in the United Nations and hear officials of the UN who know their field. So that this interconnection between the United Nations world and the Academic world which Putant put all so correctly still does not exist. Another front on which I have been fighting was of course to come up 20 years ago was the concept of global education. We need to know this globe, we need to know what the global problems are. Today, you have about 13,000 global problems which have been listed by the Union of International Associations. Practically every problem that comes up today is a global problem and this has to be taught not only in university but it has to be taught in schools so that a lot remains to be done. I'm shuttered sometimes when I see all the details, which has been studied on all kinds of things and when the world is not taught sufficiently at the moment when we can do it. And another thing is that when we give a global warning and the UN, like the population explosion or the energy crisis years ago or the environmental problem and then more recently, the climate, you know that it takes 20 years from the first UN warning to see it on the front pages of the newspapers. When we came up, when I was the Assistant Director of the Resources division, when we saw the environmental problem come up, we were called the Bird Watchers, \"Oh, you let the Bird Watchers into the UN.\" We had the Stockholm Conference which was criticized the Bird Watching Conference. General Electric had a big thing towards the world of free energy, things like these. And I went recently to the Rio Conference to represent University For Peace, just to see how the trial had wrong. And from a little meeting in my office was the delegate of Sweden which was the first country with acid rain and the decision to have the first Stockholm Conference, I went down there to see more than 100 heads of state and 60,000 people but it took 20 years. So that here there is a lot to be done and I hope that when we have this high level council appointed by the Secretary General, we can sit down with them and we can create more universities, Perez de Cuellar the outgoing Secretary General has established $250,000,000 fund called the Secretary General's fund, he requests governments to participate out of the interest. One half would go to the creation of Regional Peace Universities in every continent and the other would go to the Secretary General to allow him to do what he wants without getting the permission of this, of the security council. So that there is a lot to do, there is when I visit universities around the world, there is a void, there is a gap between this type of enormous brain and nervous system which United Nations has become, the rain is not so bad, still information, the nervous system is pretty bad still and all this has to be perfected in order to allow the human species to progress on this planet in a better way. We can do it, we now know our planet, we know humanity, we know every subdivision from the infinity now, from the infinity small, we know our globe, we know humanity, down to individual human rights, everything is known. We know our history, paleontology, we are looking into the future, for the first time ever, we are now enabled on this planet to take care of our home and to manage it better. This will be the next phase into which we will go and it will be enormously facilitated by the fact that at long last the major political division on this planet has disappeared. I'm sorry for having been so long, it is an enormous subject and I hope that we will make substantial progress. There is a lot about education in the 21st century, I've just come from a conference in Cincinnati where they had it as a subject, it was 25 countries. UNESCO is also looking into universities in the 21st century, so that a lot is going to happen in this field and I hope that we will make more progress than in the past because what I've told you shows to you that this has been only nibbling around with many political obstacles and the lack of understanding of the global needs and imperatives which we have on this planet. 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