{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/0v89g5gw88/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Multhauf, Robert P., What the Chemist Found in Pandora's Box"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["What the Chemist Found in Pandora's Box. Iowa State University Lecture Series (RS 8/6/53). Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["There are no restrictions on access. (access)","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Multhauf, Robert P. (speaker)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1977-04-21"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["What the Chemist Found in Pandora's Box is an April 21, 1977 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Robert P. Multhauf. Robert P. Multhauf discusses the history of organic chemistry and the rise of chlorinated hydrocarbons as pollutants.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. (accessibility)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio cassette"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV167949 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Committee on Lectures records (RS 8/6/53) (physical collection)","Iowa State Lectures Series (digital collection)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Chemistry, Organic (Topical)","Organochlorine compounds (Topical)","Chlorohydrocarbons (Topical)","Pollutants (Topical)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["lectures","Sound"]}},{"label":{"en":["Local Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["Lectures_AV167949"]}},{"label":{"en":["Ark"]},"value":{"en":["https://n2t.net/ark:/87292/w9pn8xm0b"]}}],"summary":{"en":["What the Chemist Found in Pandora's Box is an April 21, 1977 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Robert P. Multhauf. Robert P. Multhauf discusses the history of organic chemistry and the rise of chlorinated hydrocarbons as pollutants.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines."]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["There are no restrictions on access.","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/118/373/small/lecture.png?1624892422","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - AV167949_What_the_Chemist_Found_in_Pandoras_Box_a.mp3"]},"duration":3943.68,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/118/373/small/lecture.png?1624892422","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/118/373/original/AV167949_What_the_Chemist_Found_in_Pandoras_Box_a.mp3?1624892422","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":3943.68,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV167949_What_the_Chemist_Found_in_Pandoras_Box_a.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Talking about chlorinated hydrocarbons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=15.75,18.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the environment of this occasion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=18.94,21.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's what I'll try to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=21.66,23.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First of all, a few words about organic chemistry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=25.29,28.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which came into existence as a science","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=28.3,30.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between 1830 and 1860.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=30.66,33.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Give and take a few years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=33.01,34.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The question about organic chemistry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=36.45,38.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was how can there be so many compounds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=38.72,42.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"made of so few elements?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=42.44,45.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The organic realm is enormous","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=45.29,47.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of the number of compounds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=47.42,49.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and yet they're practically all made","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=50.84,53.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the great majority of them are made","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=54.41,56.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from four elements, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=56.61,61.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Carbon is always present.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=61.1,63.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hydrogen is almost always present.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=63.75,66.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oxygen and nitrogen frequently","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=66.94,69.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a lot of other elements very occasionally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=69.14,72.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But this was, I think the extraordinary thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=73.41,76.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about this subject called organic chemistry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=76.77,80.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now to come immediately to the answer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=81.36,83.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of how there can be so many compounds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=83.8,85.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=85.97,88.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The answer which was worked out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=89.87,91.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during the period I mentioned was based on the theory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=91.41,95.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that carbon can have four connections of valence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=95.32,100.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valence was the scientific word.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=100.66,103.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll use connections.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=103.09,104.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sometimes at least I don't want to load this lecture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=104.52,108.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with technical words.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=108.39,111.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Carbon has four connections.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=111.01,112.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nitrogen has three.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=112.55,113.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oxygen has two and hydrogen has one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=113.88,118.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you put them together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=118.58,119.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a way that they have this kind of connection","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=119.99,123.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you will be able to present the structure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=123.23,126.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of organic compounds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=126.54,128.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"May I have the slide please?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=128.1,129.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's only one slide so I probably won't mix it up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=129.68,133.019"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people murmuring)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=133.019,135.936"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anybody see it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=150.63,151.784"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=151.784,154.295"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people murmuring)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=154.295,157.212"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This projector probably won't show only one slide.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=176.96,180.061"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=180.061,182.894"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people murmuring)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=183.862,186.779"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oh! Great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=217.63,218.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people applauding)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=218.463,221.459"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now that's the bottom half.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=223.122,225.372"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can't get left or right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=226.4,228.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't need the whole thing at once","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=228.36,230.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but what I need right now is the top half.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=230.03,232.359"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=232.359,233.192"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can you prop up the back with the projectors swayed back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=233.192,236.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Till I get the top half.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=236.99,239.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people chattering)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=239.06,242.812"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elevate the back to the projector","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=242.812,244.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so I can see the top half of the slide.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=244.89,247.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people murmuring)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=249.193,251.892"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=251.892,253.224"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There you go.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=253.224,254.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people applauding)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=254.39,258.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now these things up at the top are hydrocarbons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=258.13,262.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they follow the rule I mentioned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=264.0,265.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That CH4 up there can also be shown as in the second picture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=265.8,270.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is a structural drawing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=274.08,277.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I haven't drawn the Hs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=277.2,278.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but out at the end of those lines there are Hs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=278.9,282.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's methane gas which was discovered in swamps","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=282.42,285.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Birmingham, England about 1800","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=285.6,287.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you see it has one carbon and four hydrogens","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=289.53,294.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because carbon has four connections of valences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=294.4,297.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and hydrogen had one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=297.16,298.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You see also that the carbons can connect to each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=299.69,304.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The second one shows that two carbons connected","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=304.21,307.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there are six hydrogens and the next one, three","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=307.32,311.244"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then extra one, four.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=311.244,312.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thus, the third part propane and butane are familiar","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=312.22,315.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to anybody who has used bottled gas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=315.79,318.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You'll notice in under number two,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=319.69,322.427"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's C2H4 has ethylene shows","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=324.014,327.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that double connections can exist between carbons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=328.24,331.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, the carbon you'll see has four connections.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=332.92,336.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Each one of them has four.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=336.13,337.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Two of them are for hydrogens.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=338.67,340.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's represented by the short lines going above and below","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=340.46,344.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the other two are to the other carbon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=344.03,347.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then acetylene next to that shows","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=347.41,349.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that carbon can connect with what's called a triple bond.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=349.63,354.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then over on the far right this thing marked butadiene","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=354.24,357.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shows that two double bonds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=358.56,360.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These give you the variety of possibilities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=360.45,363.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and begin to give you some idea of how they're candidates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=363.51,367.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to many compounds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=367.11,368.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are all made out of just carbon and hydrogen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=368.16,371.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you'll notice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=371.02,372.494"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And by playing around with that you can create on paper","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=372.494,377.494"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quite a few compounds of almost infinite number in fact.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=378.82,383.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a sort of a game.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=384.28,385.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the trickiest part of the game was a compound.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=385.79,390.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I'm talking about number three, C6H6.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=390.82,393.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A compound which actually just had called benzene","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=394.96,398.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which as you can see,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=398.46,399.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looks very difficult to fit into that scheme","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=399.9,403.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where carbon has four connections of valences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=403.27,405.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and hydrogen only one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=405.98,407.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was successfully accomplished","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=407.91,409.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by a German chemist named Kekule.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=409.84,412.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it was 1858.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=412.76,415.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the way you see there, he says he dreamed this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=415.11,417.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There I have left off the Cs as well as the Hs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=419.3,422.597"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but on that hexagon you were to pick up a C","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=422.597,426.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at each corner of the hexagon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=426.15,428.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and at the end of the line the usual Hs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=428.76,431.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you ponder that a little and I'll give you time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=431.44,433.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I'm planning to leave this slide up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=433.423,435.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a little while.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=435.77,437.299"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I guess I'm gonna stand right in front of it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=437.299,439.108"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the whole day.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=439.108,440.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, anyway, ponder in a short while","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=440.12,443.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you will, I think see that it fits the rules","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=444.761,447.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the game.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=447.36,448.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, may I have the lights, please?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=449.751,454.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even though they do demolish that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=454.22,456.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll have to come back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=456.28,457.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the other half of the slide in a moment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=457.33,461.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, chlorine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=466.61,468.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The role of chlorine in this...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=469.3,471.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chlorine played a role","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=472.5,473.961"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the study of chlorinated hydrocarbons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=473.961,475.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it has a valence of one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=475.92,478.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It will make one connection like hydrogen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=478.77,481.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it will easily replace hydrogen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=481.1,483.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And whereas there are a multitude of hydrocarbons,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=484.44,489.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"multitude of organic compounds,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=489.45,491.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are either no chlorinated hydrocarbons in nature","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=492.57,496.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or virtually none.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=496.61,497.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Essentially, they don't exist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=499.15,501.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So by replacing those hydrogen atoms with chlorine atoms,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=501.86,506.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the chemists made compounds which they knew something about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=506.95,511.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they had made them themselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=512.09,514.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which they did not confuse with other things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=514.45,516.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they only knew a very few of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=516.84,519.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were manmade.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=519.62,520.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were understood by men.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=520.93,523.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Furthermore, they found that chlorinating,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=523.16,526.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"replacing those Hs with Cl","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=526.04,529.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"changes the property surprisingly little","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=530.58,533.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that the product of chain of substituting chlorine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=533.73,538.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for hydrogens was recognizable as descendant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=538.05,542.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the hydrocarbon they started out with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=542.36,546.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I described this as a game.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=547.31,550.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I want to say just a word","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=550.64,554.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to avoid appearing to belittle the chemists.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=554.69,558.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is a side of this game that is not easy at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=558.03,561.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I was a student here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=561.55,563.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was given a senior project, research project","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=563.03,566.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was exactly in this field.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=568.23,570.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was to brominate an organic compound.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=570.06,573.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, brominating and chlorinating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=573.53,575.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are for all practical purposes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=575.17,576.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The same thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=576.74,577.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bromine is a little easier to handle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=577.573,580.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so students are given that to use.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=580.06,583.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that was my project and I went through the term.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=583.22,587.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You melt the stuff in a vessel and add the bromine to it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=588.809,593.809"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and control the physical conditions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=594.1,597.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the length of time you treat it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=597.25,599.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's fairly painstakingly painstaking.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=599.67,603.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the idea","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=603.36,604.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that ultimately you get a brominated compound","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=604.193,607.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you can identify.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=607.2,609.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I went through the term and my bromine kept disappearing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=609.2,612.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as I performed this experiment one time after another.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=612.47,616.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I ended up with almost the pure stuff","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=616.4,619.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I started out with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=619.1,620.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"except that the bromine was all gone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=620.25,622.928"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=622.928,623.761"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Despite that or because of it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=623.761,625.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was allowed to leave the university","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=625.85,627.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shortly after that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=627.87,628.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=628.993,630.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I do have that much personal experience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=630.08,633.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so I'm not totally ignorant of the realities of this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=633.41,638.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are not simple but it's simple enough to talk about it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=638.01,642.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on an occasion like this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=642.21,644.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, the real reason I'm talking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=645.84,648.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about chlorinated hydrocarbons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=648.08,650.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that I think that's necessary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=650.02,653.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the time in which we lived at the public face","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=653.51,656.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a little of the realities of these things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=656.51,659.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm trying to make you face them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=659.97,662.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm trying to explain them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=662.67,664.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a way that will be intelligible without regard","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=664.4,668.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to whether you've ever had any chemistry or not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=668.02,670.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now this element chlorine,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=671.64,673.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then with which they replaced all these Hs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=673.0,675.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was discovered in 1774","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=677.3,679.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by a famous Swedish chemist named Scheele,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=679.62,682.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who described it as a greenish gas with a suffocating odor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=683.53,686.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which dissolves slightly in water, corrodes metals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=686.99,690.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and bleaches colored leaves and flowers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=690.61,693.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was not thought to be an element.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=693.8,695.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was thought to be a compound.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=695.71,697.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Only 35 years later in 1810","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=698.99,702.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was it decided that this stuff chlorine was an element","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=702.05,705.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they had never been able to break it down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=706.44,709.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into anything simpler","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=709.03,710.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and by 1810 they had the electric battery","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=711.01,714.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which had been invented 10 years earlier","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=714.74,716.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and were able to subject compounds to a new force","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=716.88,720.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that should break them up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=720.83,722.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Didn't break up chlorine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=722.43,724.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was done by Sir Humphrey Davy in London","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=724.32,728.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at The Royal Institution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=728.22,730.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, so having decided that it is an element,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=732.34,734.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the chemist then took the next step that chemists take.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=734.96,738.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They see how their new element reacts with various things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=738.32,741.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With simple things like hydrogen, oxygen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=742.95,745.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nitrogen and carbon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=745.24,746.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, with hydrogen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=747.83,749.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chlorine reacts to make hydrochloric acid","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=749.8,752.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which had been known for a long time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=752.84,754.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is probably known to most of you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=754.44,756.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, chlorine had been discovered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=757.42,759.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by breaking up hydrochloric acid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=759.26,762.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there was no problem there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=762.01,763.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but with the other three; oxygen, nitrogen and carbon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=763.36,766.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nothing happened","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=766.04,767.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they tried to react chlorine with them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=767.61,769.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which seemed very odd because it had many...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=769.54,771.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In many ways, it seemed very active.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=771.94,773.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This became for a short time of popular research.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=775.41,779.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Humphrey Davy the same man","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=779.21,780.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who had proved it was not an element tried to react it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=780.97,784.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Since he couldn't react it with carbon and oxygen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=784.92,787.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he tried to react it with carbon monoxide","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=787.49,789.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is the simplest compound of carbon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=789.88,793.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It did react.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=793.0,793.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He got a compound which we know as phosgene","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=793.88,797.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as was used as a poison in the first World War, war gas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=799.434,804.434"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"More spectacular was the case of nitrogen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=805.6,808.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It wouldn't react with nitrogen either","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=808.76,810.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it was found that it would react with ammonium chloride","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=811.82,814.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which contains nitrogen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=814.66,816.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A long known substance which had been called sal ammoniac","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=816.12,819.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since the middle ages.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=819.14,820.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This discovery was made by a French man named Dulong","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=820.95,824.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1811, who probably or should have regretted it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=824.18,828.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it exploded and he lost an eye and several fingers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=828.55,833.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've never been able to find out exactly how many fingers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=834.67,838.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dulong lost, which is embarrassing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=838.02,840.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because that's the kind of things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=840.04,841.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"historians are supposed to be able to find out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=841.41,843.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=843.793,845.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's one to three according to various accounts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=845.25,848.192"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=848.192,850.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Davy in London was also experimenting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=850.76,853.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with what he'd made with nitrogen chloride","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=853.52,856.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is explosive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=856.92,858.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't recommend making it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=858.22,859.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Davy in London was also experimenting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=861.24,863.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with nitrogen chloride.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=863.68,865.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It also blew up in his face.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=865.03,867.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He didn't suffer any more than a week off.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=867.01,870.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, from his regular work at The Royal Institution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=870.81,874.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, this necessitated his calling in his helper","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=874.54,879.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the young man whom he'd hired to wash bottles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=879.67,882.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sometime before named Michael Faraday.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=882.38,886.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Faraday is one of the most famous scientists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=886.66,889.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the 19th century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=889.02,890.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Self-taught, read chemistry books.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=890.97,894.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He worked for a book binder","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=894.37,895.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he read the chemistry books","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=895.78,897.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they were brought in to be bound","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=897.1,899.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he got himself a job washing bottles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=899.48,901.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at The Royal Institution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=901.7,903.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and when nitrogen chloride exploded in Davy's face,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=903.07,907.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Faraday replaced him for a short while","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=907.85,911.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during which he undertook to do all of Davy's work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=911.32,914.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"including continuing working with nitrogen chloride","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=914.62,919.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which soon exploded in Faraday's face.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=919.22,922.227"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=922.227,925.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But these were heroic days.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=925.24,927.215"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=927.215,929.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These things happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=929.33,930.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are heroic days.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=930.46,931.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Faraday shortly after we dropped somebody","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=931.78,934.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that chlorine was his favorite subject.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=934.11,936.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, that took care more or less of the experiments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=938.06,943.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to see if they could get chlorine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=943.25,944.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to react with oxygen and nitrogen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=944.84,947.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the case of carbon,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=948.31,951.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Faraday then tried to react chlorine with C2H4, ethylene","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=951.35,955.727"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was on the diagram when we had it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=961.28,964.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he got something.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=964.45,968.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, it turned out to contain only chlorine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=968.42,971.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and hydrogen, which is what he was after in the first place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=971.18,975.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's called hexachloroethane.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=975.53,977.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in which all of the hydrogens...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=978.789,980.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can you give me the slide for just a second again?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=985.6,988.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You see ethylene up there, the C with the double bond.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=994.2,997.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He replaced all four of the hydrogens that you see there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=997.24,1002.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he also replaced the double bond","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1004.347,1007.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so he got up above itself ethane","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1007.37,1010.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What he got was ethane, finally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1010.11,1014.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What he got was ethane","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1016.01,1017.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with all the hydrogens replaced by chlorine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1017.34,1020.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He also got ethane with only four of the hydrogens replaced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1021.21,1026.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by chlorine so there was still two hydrogen atoms in it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1027.5,1030.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and four chlorine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1030.8,1032.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's called tetrachloroethane for obvious reasons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1032.52,1036.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the other one is called hexachloroethane","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1036.11,1038.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for obvious reasons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1039.62,1041.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Will you give me the light again?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1043.21,1044.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll need this slide once more, I believe, but not just yet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1044.82,1048.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, now you will be greatly relieved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1051.15,1053.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to know that I'm not gonna run through","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1053.73,1055.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the subsequent history of this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1055.21,1057.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rather, I'm going to go to a quotation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1057.87,1060.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from about 1870 when organic chemistry existed as a science","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1060.65,1065.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and when some of the leading chemists were trying to decide","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1065.54,1069.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who deserved the credit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1069.05,1070.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was a brilliant accomplishment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1070.41,1071.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have come up with this theory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1071.81,1073.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which has been successful ever since.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1073.39,1075.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marcellin Berthelot, one of the leading chemists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1077.323,1079.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the late 19th century said","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1079.49,1081.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I quote, \"The rise of organic chemistry as do above all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1081.78,1086.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Faraday's demonstration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1086.87,1088.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that chlorine replaces hydrogen volume for volume.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1088.63,1092.067"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By volume for volume he means the same thing as I mean","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1093.34,1096.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when I say atom for atom.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1096.67,1098.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When Faraday worked in the period I'm talking about,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1100.74,1103.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the atomic theory had not yet been accepted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1103.7,1106.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they worked by volumes instead of the atom","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1106.13,1108.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is a theoretical entity you can't see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1108.97,1111.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's not a matter of great importance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1111.8,1115.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The important thing is that here we see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1115.37,1118.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Faraday being credit for that simple experiment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1118.24,1121.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just described.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1121.32,1122.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For being given the maximum credit more than anyone else","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1124.98,1128.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the rise of organic chemistry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1128.8,1130.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, two chlorinated hydrocarbons were already known.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1132.78,1137.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ethyl chloride, If I...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1139.25,1141.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, nevermind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1143.2,1144.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ethyl chloride.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1144.76,1146.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The reason I'm fretting here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1146.96,1148.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is 'cause I thought I was gonna have that slide on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1148.49,1150.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all the time but it isn't gonna work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1150.64,1152.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so we'll have it once in a while and I'll remark on it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1152.25,1155.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Two are already known and one was made about 1600","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1157.68,1160.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by a chemist named Basel Valentine,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1160.92,1164.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was an imaginary chemist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1164.56,1166.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who supposedly lived in the middle ages.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1166.6,1169.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"His work was pseudonymous but he did things anyway.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1169.273,1173.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He reacted hydrochloric acid with alcohol.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1173.13,1176.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alcohol is ethane with an OH on the end of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1176.85,1180.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he got ethyl chloride which is ethane","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1182.06,1186.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with one hydrogen replaced by chlorine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1186.19,1191.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The other one that was known by 1800 was ethylene chloride","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1193.29,1197.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which had been made in 1794 by four Dutchman","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1197.76,1202.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whose names were so complicated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1204.0,1206.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they were known as the Dutch chemists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1206.38,1209.552"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and never mentioned by name","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1209.552,1212.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although in Harlem they were well known","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1213.46,1216.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this may well have been resented.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1216.08,1218.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But anyway, they came down as The Dutch Chemists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1218.55,1221.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through history","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1221.23,1222.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the thing they had discovered was known","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1222.063,1225.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the Dutch liquid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1225.16,1226.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now you will hear...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1226.76,1228.358"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1228.358,1230.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The next time we get the slides,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1230.92,1232.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll point out to you what these two things are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1232.67,1235.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to remind you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1235.24,1236.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You'll be hearing more about them than anything else","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1236.85,1239.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through the rest of this lecture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1239.76,1241.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1842, a large nine volume dictionary of chemistry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1243.58,1248.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mentioned 90 chlorinated hydrocarbons, roughly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1250.24,1253.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I counted them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1253.9,1255.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but because they were not precisely identified","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1255.24,1258.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can't be sure but it was a large number.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1258.34,1260.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"About 90 but not as early as 1842.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1260.57,1263.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the chemists were not really interested","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1264.52,1266.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in these chlorinated hydrocarbons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1266.44,1268.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were interested in materials which exist in nature","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1268.27,1271.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they don't exist in nature","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1271.16,1273.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there are so many organic materials in nature","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1273.36,1276.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they couldn't get a handle on them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1276.02,1278.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These chlorinated hydrocarbon served the chemist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1278.41,1282.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as an intermediary substance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1282.52,1285.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that he could actually understand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1285.28,1286.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because he'd made it between him","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1286.98,1289.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the great world of organic nature","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1289.55,1291.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that he couldn't understand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1291.82,1293.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A series of theories were put forth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1294.43,1297.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which went under strange names","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1297.21,1298.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like ethylene theory, type theory, substitution theory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1298.82,1302.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1302.13,1303.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These were the major theories","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1304.03,1306.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that finally led ultimately to this scheme","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1306.3,1309.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I put on the slide and described in the first place","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1309.74,1313.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where carbon has four connections of valence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1313.85,1317.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nitrogen three, oxygen two, hydrogen one and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1317.13,1319.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that organic compounds consist of these things put together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1319.88,1323.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"according to this rule.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1323.32,1324.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the outcome of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1324.81,1326.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All of these stages if you look at the literature,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1326.5,1331.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are full of chlorinated hydrocarbons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1331.16,1334.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is quite clear that they developed the theory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1334.87,1338.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through the study of those materials.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1338.31,1340.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The crowning achievement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1340.61,1343.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a case of something known as trichloroacetic acid","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1343.03,1347.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was discovered by a French chemist named Dumas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1347.17,1350.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1838.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1350.61,1351.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Acetic acid is vinegar.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1353.22,1356.737"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the oldest known substances","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1356.737,1361.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and acetic acid happens to have four hydrogens in it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1361.13,1366.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he had replaced three of them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1367.22,1370.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and yet it was just like vinegar.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1372.0,1374.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It had hardly changed any for being vinegar","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1374.62,1377.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and yet he'd placed three fourths of the hydrogens.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1377.01,1380.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Furthermore, chlorine is a very heavy element.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1380.47,1384.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Much heavier than carbon, nitrogen, oxygen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1384.71,1387.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and not to mention hydrogen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1387.44,1389.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So this trichloroacetic acid was something like 80% chlorine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1389.18,1394.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and still it behaved like vinegar.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1395.56,1398.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was too much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1400.01,1401.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was what upset the ruling powers in chemistry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1401.0,1406.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and caused such things as the following","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1406.27,1409.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the German journal in 1840.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1409.14,1413.794"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was a letter from a French chemist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1413.794,1416.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or from a chemist that no one had ever heard of before","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1416.08,1418.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since saying that he had been working","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1418.86,1421.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on manganese acetates.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1421.74,1423.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now a manganese acetate is vinegar","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1423.48,1425.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reacted with the metal manganese.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1425.71,1427.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It contains nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, carbon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1427.83,1432.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and manganese.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1433.49,1435.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he describes his pain staking research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1435.08,1438.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which he replaced the hydrogens all with carbon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1438.66,1442.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then he replaced all the oxygen with carbon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1442.5,1444.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then he replaced all (mumbles) with chlorine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1444.313,1447.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then he replaced all the carbon with chlorine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1447.61,1449.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then he replaced the manganese with chlorine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1449.62,1452.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and by now he had a compound that was all chlorine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1452.55,1457.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it still acted like manganese acetate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1457.08,1460.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This letter was signed by the following name, SCH Windler.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1461.73,1466.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCH Windler, Schwindler.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1470.007,1471.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1473.497,1475.601"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was written by Volhard, a leading German chemist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1475.601,1479.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who gave it the title on the substitution law","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1480.48,1485.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the theory of types.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1485.35,1487.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in the journal where it appeared,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1487.47,1489.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it appeared immediately after an article by Dumas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1489.41,1493.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with exactly the same title.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1493.25,1495.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, those who are using the chlorinated hydrocarbons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1495.86,1500.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to develop a new theory of organic chemistry did triumph.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1505.117,1509.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I want to turn to the uses of chlorine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1513.196,1515.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was discovered in 70 and 74.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1517.546,1519.524"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"20 years later 94.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1519.524,1521.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1794 it's found his first use as bleach in bleaching.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1521.74,1526.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It had been found and it was discovered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1527.48,1530.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it bleached colored leaves and flowers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1530.07,1532.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was used to bleach cloth from 1794,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1532.02,1534.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"replaced all other bleaching agents.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1534.86,1538.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The very important industrial use.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1538.14,1541.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was made from chlorine or from hydrochloric acid","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1542.1,1545.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and actually not much was required.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1547.21,1549.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A very little bit of chlorine will bleach cloth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1549.83,1553.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As you doubtless know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1553.41,1554.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's used for disinfection of swimming pools now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1554.97,1558.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a very little bit of it is required for that too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1558.73,1561.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From 1825 there was an artificial soda industry in Europe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1562.97,1567.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which grew to enormous size","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1567.31,1570.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and which had as its waste material, hydrochloric acid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1570.25,1574.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It became the first notorious atmospheric pollutant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1574.34,1578.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ultimately led to a serious legal controls","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1578.06,1582.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the British chemical industry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1584.57,1586.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As long as they could,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1587.99,1589.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they just let the hydrochloric acid come out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1589.55,1592.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through chimneys, building the chimneys higher and higher.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1592.263,1596.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This got the hydrochloric acid out of Birmingham","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1596.38,1601.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and carried it all the way over to Liverpool.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1601.07,1603.515"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1603.515,1605.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They tried to solve the problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1605.04,1607.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They didn't try very hard until they were forced to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1607.21,1609.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they tried to solve it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1609.68,1611.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by converting the hydrochloric acid into chlorine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1611.43,1614.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which did have a use after all for bleaching","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1614.88,1618.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they didn't need that much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1618.22,1620.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, after 1900 things got even worse","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1620.66,1624.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because a new process for making soda came into being","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1624.11,1627.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"called the electrolytic process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1627.48,1629.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which salt, sodium chloride is divided","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1629.83,1634.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into sodium and chlorine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1634.02,1636.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And here chlorine was the waste material itself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1636.05,1639.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so there was some concern for finding new uses for chlorine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1639.97,1644.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Essentially, only one was found","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1646.78,1648.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through the whole of the 19th century, chloroform.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1648.55,1651.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chloroform had been discovered in 1831.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1651.9,1655.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It had the formulas CHCl3.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1657.26,1661.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is methane, there's one carbon with four hydrogens","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1661.54,1665.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which three of the hydrogens have been replaced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1665.02,1667.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by chlorine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1667.57,1668.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was discovered in 1831.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1670.1,1672.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"About 1850 it's power of putting people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1672.58,1676.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and animals to sleep was noticed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1676.46,1678.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was 10 years after the beginning of anesthesia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1678.81,1681.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anesthesia was introduced to this country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1682.93,1685.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first about 1848 using ether.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1685.12,1688.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A compound, a constitution which I'd rather not go into.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1690.674,1693.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You've probably heard of it at least all of you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1693.61,1695.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are anywhere near as old as I am","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1695.88,1697.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably had ether administered to you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1697.58,1701.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was one of the greatest boons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1701.093,1702.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"medicine has ever experienced.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1702.82,1705.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The possibility of putting people to sleep","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1705.06,1708.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while you cut them up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1708.08,1709.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ether was a boon except that it is exceedingly inflammable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1711.89,1716.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much more so than gasoline.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1717.06,1719.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you have one of these little spray cans to spray on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1719.38,1722.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in your carburetor when it's too cold","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1722.48,1725.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for your engine to start, the can probably contains ether.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1725.29,1728.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's that inflammable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1728.95,1730.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So they were glad to discover","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1731.84,1735.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in about 1850 that they had this other material, chloroform","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1735.47,1739.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which also put people to sleep.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1739.52,1742.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But whereas there was danger of death from explosion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1742.7,1747.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or fire when you use ether.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1747.28,1749.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chloroform killed you if you inhaled too much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1749.8,1754.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I was young,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1754.34,1755.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chloroform was used to put away unwanted cats and dogs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1755.24,1758.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Newton dog pond, I remember.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1758.55,1761.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we went down to the 19th century with people deciding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1761.7,1764.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which one of these things they wanted to risk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1764.85,1767.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you can gather from that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1767.98,1769.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that chloroform was not used very widely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1769.67,1773.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ultimately, ether came back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1773.29,1774.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and chloroform fell out of disuse.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1774.85,1776.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"About 1860, an English author","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1778.03,1783.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a book on clinical technology named Muspratt,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1783.79,1787.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sheridan Muspratt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1787.11,1789.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He made a big thing out of this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1789.29,1791.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was concerned that chemistry is not useful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1791.05,1794.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he picked out chloroform as proof","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1794.32,1796.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that chemistry is useful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1796.49,1798.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he says","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1798.87,1800.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the trouble is that the chemists don't describe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1800.78,1802.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all the properties of these things that they're discovering","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1802.96,1806.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so the potential uses are not revealed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1806.16,1809.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Muspratt was a pioneer in chemical technology, 1860.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1810.982,1815.982"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After him there were many textbooks with clinical technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1816.29,1821.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"down through the end of the 19th century and into the 20th.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1821.22,1824.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've looked at most of them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1824.95,1826.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there's hardly anything in there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1826.26,1828.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"indicating new uses for chlorine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1828.03,1830.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"About 1900, disinfection of drinking water came in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1830.92,1835.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Later on things like swimming pools.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1836.79,1839.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, something for which they didn't require very much,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1840.31,1843.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"paper bleaching which used up a lot more.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1843.09,1846.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Paper bleaching by chlorine is the reason","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1846.51,1849.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why books that you bought 10 years ago fall apart","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1849.09,1852.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in your hands.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1852.14,1852.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Whereas books published 200 years ago are in good shape.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1852.973,1856.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's very useful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1857.52,1858.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In a book on chemical technology dated 1913 by Edward Thorpe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1862.239,1867.239"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the standard texts of the early 20th century,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1867.25,1870.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was mention of only two additional uses for chlorine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1870.36,1873.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they're both for making chlorinated hydrocarbons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1873.38,1876.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and both materials related to chlorine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1876.63,1881.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you are to a chloroform...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1881.57,1884.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you replace only one of these hydrogens with methane","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1884.7,1887.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you're supposed to be picturing that up there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1887.94,1890.951"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CH4.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1890.951,1892.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you replace only one hydrogen by chlorine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1892.56,1896.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you naturally get the CH3Cl","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1896.19,1899.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that is called methyl chloride","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1899.91,1902.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we find it being used in refrigeration by 1913.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1902.25,1906.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mainly because it was extremely cheap","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1907.92,1910.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they found","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1910.05,1910.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you put chlorine in a sugar beet residue,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1910.883,1913.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you get methyl chloride.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1914.956,1917.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you replace two you get something, the two Hs and two Cls","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1917.21,1922.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I will skip as not being relevant at the moment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1922.62,1927.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you replace three you'd get chloroform.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1927.12,1929.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you replace all four hydrogens you get CCl4,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1929.27,1932.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is carbon tetrachloride","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1932.65,1934.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was used in dry cleaning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1934.28,1936.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Carbon Tet is something you can buy in the drugstore","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1936.35,1938.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you're probably familiar with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1938.81,1941.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was all small potatoes, that's the point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1941.15,1943.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so we come down to the first World War","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1946.71,1950.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the chlorine problem, enormous quantities of chlorine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1950.11,1953.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they didn't know what to do with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1953.15,1955.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first World War helped this problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1955.05,1957.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because in 1915 chlorine was introduced as a war gas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1957.71,1962.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the Western front by the Germans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1963.92,1966.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The British were not long behind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1967.38,1969.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So they're just as good solvent as their parents were.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1972.69,1976.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Since the beginning of the 19th century,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1976.23,1979.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the solvents have increasingly come","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1979.67,1981.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be carbon tetrachloride and other related materials,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1981.9,1984.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all chlorinated hydrocarbons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1984.99,1986.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The real boon in using up that chlorine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1987.89,1991.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"though was the automobile.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1991.08,1992.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"About 1920, tetra ethyl lead was introduced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1993.74,1998.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to gasoline as an anti knock agent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=1998.06,2000.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was developed by Thomas Midgley","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2000.57,2003.592"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of General Motors Corporation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2003.592,2006.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tetra ethyl lead does not contain any chlorine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2008.1,2011.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's made from ethyl chloride.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2011.49,2014.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ethyl chloride is the material","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2014.12,2016.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said was one of the two chlorinated hydrocarbons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2016.18,2020.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"described before 1800.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2020.1,2022.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's made from alcohol and hydrochloric acid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2022.3,2026.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That material with lead are the raw materials","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2026.68,2031.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for tetra ethyl lead.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2031.06,2033.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now this tetra ethyl lead in your engine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2033.33,2036.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leaves a coating of lead on the engine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2037.43,2042.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that has to be removed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2042.61,2043.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's removed with what's called a scavenger.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2043.94,2047.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The material that will dissolve this lead","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2047.09,2048.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while it's freshly deposited and hot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2048.95,2051.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the best scavenger turned out to be ethylene chloride,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2051.921,2055.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Dutch liquid, which is the other chlorinated hydrocarbon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2055.16,2059.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I said was known before 1800 (clears throat).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2059.42,2061.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"About 1926, they began to introduce glycol antifreeze.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2063.87,2068.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Glycol antifreeze was also made from ethylene chloride.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2069.48,2073.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1928,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2075.58,2076.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Midgley who worked for the General Motors Corporation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2076.97,2080.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and was actually a mechanical engineer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2080.31,2083.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"developed the refrigerant known as Freon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2083.13,2085.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which has been universal ever since","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2085.7,2087.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in modern refrigerating plans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2087.72,2090.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is a compound in which some of the hydrogen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2090.62,2095.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in methane has been replaced by chlorine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2097.87,2101.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some by fluorine,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2101.82,2103.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is a compound that's related to chlorine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2103.26,2106.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it's time to get that slide back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2106.05,2108.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I hope I can remove the confusions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2111.179,2113.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First of all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2114.96,2116.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this here is the reaction done by Basil Valentine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2116.06,2120.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before 1600.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2120.84,2122.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's alcohol","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2122.67,2123.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with which some of you are probably familiar.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2123.72,2126.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2126.09,2126.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hydrochloric acid and you get what I called here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2126.923,2130.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mono chlorobenzene and mono chloroethane.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2130.19,2133.777"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not sure that's what I called it before","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2138.31,2140.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but anyway I don't remember.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2140.13,2141.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Don't worry about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2141.51,2142.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These things all have several names, unfortunately.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2142.79,2146.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The number two refers to the reaction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2146.1,2149.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between chlorine and ethylene","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2149.91,2154.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which you see up at the top there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2154.25,2156.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which those double bonds have been removed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2156.7,2160.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by being filled in with chlorine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2160.39,2163.087"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CH2ClCH2Cl, which of course can also be repping C2H4Cl2.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2163.087,2168.087"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well here's chloroform, which I've already described.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2172.72,2175.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here's carbon tetrachloride.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2175.42,2177.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You see they're derived from that simplest hydrocarbon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2177.08,2181.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I had on the top.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2181.79,2183.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These two are also used in dry cleaning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2184.22,2187.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very expensively now and they have a double bond in them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2188.95,2193.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you can see that various quantities of H","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2193.33,2196.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been replaced by Cl.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2196.79,2200.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In this case three out of four,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2200.47,2202.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this case four out of four.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2202.1,2203.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah, can you get it up a little higher?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2203.46,2205.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you, that's fine now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2205.58,2207.027"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, here are the fluorocarbons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2212.517,2215.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The compounds I just mentioned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2215.78,2217.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which have both fluorine and chlorine in them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2217.2,2220.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"including this Freon refrigerant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2220.28,2224.021"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a strange kind of a compound.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2224.021,2225.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Midgley must've been an extraordinarily clever man.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2225.95,2228.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He figured out some of the things that he did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2228.84,2231.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Apparently the reason he came up with this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2231.67,2236.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is because in a refrigerant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2236.69,2238.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you want something that has just the right boiling point","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2238.41,2242.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so you can keep boiling it and condensing it easily","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2242.47,2245.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at about room temperature.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2245.34,2247.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You also want something that's non-toxic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2247.32,2249.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So if it leaks out into the room, it won't kill you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2249.82,2253.282"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These compounds that...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2253.282,2255.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Midgley guessed the compounds of this kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2255.79,2258.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would fill a veil and he made some and they actually work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2258.21,2261.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They should be called...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2262.64,2264.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're called fluorocarbons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2264.27,2266.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what he called them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2266.32,2267.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that implies that it's all fluorine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2267.153,2269.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they've both chlorine and fluorine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2269.3,2271.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that's a misnomer but that's what they call them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2271.14,2274.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that's what I'll call them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2274.18,2275.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Finally, as long so we can get rid of this chart once.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2276.62,2278.997"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and for all, item eight here...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2278.997,2281.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know how well you can see this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2282.493,2283.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I guess I'll just have to hope.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2283.78,2286.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is it focus able?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2286.09,2287.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A number eight seems to be pretty bad.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2287.97,2289.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can hardly see it myself, barely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2289.84,2293.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's better, thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2293.26,2294.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CH2 and then there's a double bond CHCL.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2295.625,2299.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For some reason that's called vinyl chloride.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2299.25,2301.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You notice that it really is related to these things,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2301.48,2304.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not very different.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2304.14,2305.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One point I want to make here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2305.62,2306.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at how simple all these things are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2306.99,2310.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sure you know how complicated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2310.08,2311.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"organic molecules are nowadays that you see in textbook","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2311.74,2315.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but these things are about as simple as they can get.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2315.4,2318.645"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Vinyl chloride you probably heard of too","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2318.645,2320.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's what it is and I'll come back to it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2320.54,2322.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a few minutes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2322.1,2323.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thanks, may I have I have a light please?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2323.08,2325.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(clears throat)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2326.311,2328.978"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, so the problem is on the way to solution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2330.12,2334.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At least the automobile and the replacement of inflammable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2336.69,2341.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by non-inflammable solvents went a long way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2341.27,2343.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to solve the chlorine problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2343.85,2346.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But then the second World War ensured the solution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2346.24,2349.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the chlorine problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2349.18,2351.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"About 1940 somebody discovered that Freon,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2351.29,2354.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this material which I just described, this refrigerant,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2354.8,2358.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you put it in a sealed can with a liquid,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2358.38,2363.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you pick up the can with your hand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2364.49,2366.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Freon or the fluorocarbon evaporates,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2366.41,2370.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"produces pressure inside the can","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2370.32,2373.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you can squirt the fluid out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2373.0,2375.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The aerosol can had been invented.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2375.44,2378.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was first used to spray medicines in American troops","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2378.06,2382.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"used by the American troops in the Pacific war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2383.51,2386.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Since then, the use of it must be all too familiar to you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2387.53,2391.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also, in the second World War,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2392.35,2394.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they attempted to make artificial rubber","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2395.47,2397.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and succeeded in doing so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2397.57,2399.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Among the materials they tried to use","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2401.316,2403.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were chlorinated hydrocarbons like vinyl chloride","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2403.49,2407.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which polymerize.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2407.21,2408.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That means that under certain physical conditions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2408.34,2411.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the molecules connect in long chains","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2411.18,2414.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and become solid materials.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2414.2,2416.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Names like fire coal, neoprene","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2417.66,2420.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were the names of artificial rubbers during second World War","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2421.04,2426.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the most well known of them was vinyl chloride.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2426.36,2429.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were not very much like rubber sometimes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2429.79,2432.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they were used for plastics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2432.56,2435.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Vinyl chloride came out of the war","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2435.31,2437.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as one of the most widely used plastics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2437.07,2440.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"making phonographs, car seat covers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2440.42,2442.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Almost all car seat covers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2442.72,2444.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are made out of vinyl chloride plastic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2444.26,2447.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Electric insulation and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2447.88,2450.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This material, vinyl chloride had been discovered in 1835","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2450.66,2455.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this application not made until 1940,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2455.01,2458.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over a hundred years later","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2458.41,2460.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1942, DDT was introduced as an insecticide.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2460.87,2464.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is a chlorinated hydrocarbon, a little more complicated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2464.99,2468.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than these but it had been known since 1874.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2468.87,2472.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was a miracle pesticide.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2472.73,2474.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's been followed up by a lot of others (clears throat).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2474.59,2477.307"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By 1970, we read outcries in the chemical literature","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2478.47,2483.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the sodium problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2484.2,2486.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This alkali industry is now operated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2487.14,2490.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mainly to produce chlorine and there are not enough uses","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2490.16,2494.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for sodium to make it economical","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2494.41,2498.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so this is the current worry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2498.33,2500.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The per capita consumption of chlorine in the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2500.53,2503.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1935 was three and a half pounds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2503.89,2506.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's 1935.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2506.62,2508.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1955 it was 41 pounds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2508.71,2511.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1975 it was a hundred pounds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2511.79,2514.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"55% of the salt made in this country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2515.73,2519.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we have by far the world's largest production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2519.22,2522.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is used to make chlorine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2522.43,2524.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the primary purpose of producing the salt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2524.95,2528.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to produce chlorine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2528.08,2529.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And at that chlorine, the proportion which is estimated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2530.95,2534.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to go into chlorinated hydrocarbons is estimated up to 70%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2534.78,2539.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are dated from recent years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2539.7,2541.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The United States consumption of vinyl chloride in 1973","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2543.31,2547.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was five and a half billion pounds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2547.3,2549.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ethylene chloride, the Dutch liquid,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2550.41,2553.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eight billion pounds made in 1973.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2553.48,2556.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are billions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2556.56,2557.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As early as 1960, 670 million aerosol cans were manufactured","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2559.37,2564.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2565.67,2566.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"During the generation between 1930 and 1960,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2567.84,2572.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the per capita consumption of all of these things together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2573.87,2577.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"solvents, plastics, pesticide,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2577.28,2579.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only the ones containing chlorine increased","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2579.88,2584.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on an average of nearly 20 times, 20 fold.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2585.01,2588.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is to say in 1960 we were using 20 times as much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2588.55,2593.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of these things as we were in 1930.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2593.47,2597.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So Muspratt you see has been vindicated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2598.58,2601.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chemical research is useful after all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2601.8,2604.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was the matter with those 19th century chemists?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2606.24,2609.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, one thing that was a matter","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2610.72,2612.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether might've been that their thought","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2612.29,2613.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in using the chlorinated hydrocarbons to develop a theory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2613.84,2617.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of organic chemistry they were actually making them useful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2617.28,2621.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it wasn't necessarily to do more.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2621.66,2623.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another thing that must be said","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2624.89,2627.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the early 19th century chemists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2627.52,2630.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they were very short time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2630.08,2631.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"About two generations away from alchemy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2631.93,2635.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they were not very anxious to get back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2635.26,2637.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the kind of muddled mysticism and empiricism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2637.66,2642.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which they were trying to free chemistry from.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2642.59,2645.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chemistry was hardly a science before the 19th century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2645.47,2648.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The followers of Muspratt, the practical chemists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2650.94,2654.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the practical chemical engineers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2654.39,2657.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"certainly did not accomplish much in the solution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2657.36,2661.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the chlorine problem during the rest of the 19th century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2661.53,2665.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, they accomplished so little","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2666.86,2668.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that that may have something to do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2668.47,2671.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with why chemical engineering","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2671.38,2673.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"became an academic discipline in the 20th century","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2673.05,2675.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"instead of purely something you go out and learn","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2675.91,2678.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by working in the works.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2678.17,2679.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The educated engineer of the 20th century","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2680.94,2684.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the person who's responsible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2684.87,2686.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for these marvelously useful things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2686.64,2691.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But of course you got them for reading all books","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2691.97,2694.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"written by chemists of nearly a hundred years earlier.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2694.54,2698.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The most important thing to say about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2701.49,2705.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, before I come to that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2705.56,2710.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I always say something that's probably not necessary to say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2712.73,2716.606"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because you must know it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2716.606,2717.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if you don't know it, you should check up on yourself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2717.46,2721.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DDT has proven to have so many harmful side effects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2722.52,2726.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that has been more or less banned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2726.8,2728.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1975, the James River in Virginia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2730.48,2734.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and much of Chesapeake Bay were poisoned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2734.27,2739.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by something called kepone","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2739.59,2740.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is another chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2741.9,2746.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1976, a town called Madda, North of Milan in Italy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2746.76,2751.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was abandoned because of an explosion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2753.36,2755.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of something called TCDD.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2755.63,2758.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Something called PCB has been coming down the Hudson River","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2759.89,2763.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and is second most polluting material in the sea","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2763.85,2768.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"along the Atlantic coast.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2769.72,2771.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These acronyms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2771.14,2772.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and trade names all cover chlorinated hydrocarbons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2772.35,2777.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as a matter of fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2777.23,2778.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here is this morning's Washington Post.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2778.38,2781.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I read on the airplane.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2782.97,2785.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You probably can't read that from here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2785.03,2787.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the top line says 'Chloroform in Northern Virginia water","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2787.04,2790.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exceeds safety level.'","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2790.53,2792.167"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's why I said that I didn't know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2793.38,2795.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether I really needed to go into this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2795.6,2798.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This one is an interesting wrinkle I must say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2798.02,2801.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It seems that the chlorination","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2801.74,2804.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the drinking water in Northern Virginia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2804.53,2806.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is encountering methane which is generated by sewage,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2808.38,2813.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is also getting in drinking water","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2814.03,2816.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Northern Virginia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2816.12,2817.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the two of them together are making chloroform.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2817.09,2819.621"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2819.621,2822.454"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The solvents, the solvent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2827.38,2829.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So solvents that are not exploding are evaporating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2829.34,2833.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the atmosphere at approximately the same rate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2833.85,2837.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as they're being manufactured today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2837.76,2840.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The aerosols of fluorocarbons are charged","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2841.13,2845.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with threatening the survival of the ozone layer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2845.16,2849.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/870","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to which they ascend.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2849.46,2850.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The solids like vinyl chloride resins","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2852.06,2854.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"end up as indigestible junk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2854.71,2857.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/873","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they're not biodegradable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2857.06,2860.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/874","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or if they are heated strongly they disintegrate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2860.04,2864.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/875","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to form chlorine hydrochloric acid and phosgene.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2864.21,2868.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/876","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A couple of workmen were killed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2868.46,2870.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/877","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a Washington building recently","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2870.24,2872.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/878","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when an electrical shortage occurred in a high voltage line.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2872.0,2877.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/879","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The heat disintegrated the insulation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2878.33,2882.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/880","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is vinyl chloride","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2882.02,2883.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/881","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and produced chlorine hydrochloric acid and phosgene.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2883.23,2886.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, when snaps are pointed out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2888.25,2892.558"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/883","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it needs also to be pointed out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2892.558,2894.267"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/884","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that DDT stopped the insect plagues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2895.49,2899.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/885","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I was young I spent my summer vacations in South Dakota","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2899.1,2902.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/886","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the thirties and I remember the grasshoppers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2902.93,2906.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/887","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coming over the hill in a solid cloud.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2906.74,2910.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/888","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I remember I think it was something called chinch bugs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2910.43,2913.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/889","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that destroyed the Iowa corn crop on a number of occasions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2913.29,2917.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/890","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's the other side of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2917.35,2919.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/891","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DDT stopped them, probably not permanently","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2919.39,2922.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/892","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but anyone who remembers the insects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2922.23,2927.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/893","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that infected this region in the thirties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2927.2,2929.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/894","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will go a little slow in criticizing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2929.81,2933.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/895","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least criticizing the people who tried DDT.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2933.05,2936.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/896","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Furthermore, the chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2937.13,2939.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/897","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did prevent fire.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2939.64,2940.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/898","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The plastics have replaced metals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2942.54,2945.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/899","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which would have probably run out before now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2945.16,2947.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/900","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they hadn't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2947.49,2948.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/901","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, one factor I think...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2949.972,2951.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/902","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I don't think there's much point","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2953.03,2955.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/903","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in pursuing who has to be praised","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2955.39,2957.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/904","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and who's to be blamed for this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2957.08,2959.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/905","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there is something I want to conclude with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2959.18,2962.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/906","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I think is worth thinking about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2962.68,2965.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/907","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The factor here is one of scale, it seems to me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2966.12,2971.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/908","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's the scale on which everything is done today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2971.19,2974.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/909","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I wanna introduce my few remarks about that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2975.84,2978.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/910","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a quotation from Galileo.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2978.86,2980.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/911","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The celebrated father of the scientific revolution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2981.47,2984.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/912","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who wrote a famous book in 1638 called 'Two New Sciences'.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2984.98,2989.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/913","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Two New Science is one of them was mechanics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2990.2,2993.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/914","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He is the...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2993.24,2994.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/915","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In that book, he gives a mathematical expression","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2994.66,2998.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/916","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the behavior of falling bodies like stones","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=2998.03,3002.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/917","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that is probably the first step","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3002.34,3005.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/918","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the famous scientific revolution of the 17th century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3005.46,3008.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/919","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what this book is used for.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3008.22,3011.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/920","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there's another science in that book,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3011.42,3013.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/921","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'Strength in Materials', we call it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3013.02,3015.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/922","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He studied what it took to break a beam.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3015.68,3019.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/923","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Venetian dockyard was famous for its huge cranes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3020.69,3024.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/924","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so Galileo writes about that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3024.39,3027.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/925","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he begins that book with some words like the following","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3027.14,3031.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/926","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I'll paraphrase.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3031.18,3032.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/927","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3033.53,3034.507"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/928","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's the dialogue between two people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3034.507,3036.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/929","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"called Salviati and Sagredo.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3036.07,3037.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/930","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Salviati says, \"Experience with a famous arsenal in Venice","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3039.795,3043.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/931","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seems to me to open a large field to speculative minds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3043.29,3048.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/932","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and particularly in that area, which is called mechanics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3048.21,3051.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/933","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they have so many different kinds of machines.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3051.41,3054.177"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/934","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then Sagredo says,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3055.29,3057.397"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/935","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Indeed, I've sometimes been thrown into confusion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3057.397,3060.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/936","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and of disparate of understanding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3060.09,3061.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/937","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how fun some things can happen that I see there.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3061.83,3064.977"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/938","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Salvati, \"You mean when we were trying to comprehend","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3065.85,3070.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/939","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the reason why they make the sustaining apparatus,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3070.5,3073.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/940","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"supports blocks and other things so much larger","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3073.31,3077.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/941","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around those huge galleys than they do around little boats?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3077.3,3081.567"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/942","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sagredo, \" I do mean that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3084.81,3087.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/943","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and particularly what we'd noticed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3087.52,3091.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/944","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I have always considered to be an idol notion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3091.58,3094.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/945","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the common people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3094.23,3095.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/946","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That one cannot reason from the small to the large","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3097.36,3101.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/947","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because so many mechanical devices succeed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3101.72,3104.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/948","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on a small scale that cannot succeed in great size.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3104.26,3107.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/949","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now all reasoning about mechanics have their foundations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3108.82,3111.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/950","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in geometry and I don't see why a largeness","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3111.95,3115.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/951","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and smallness make any difference in things like circles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3115.83,3120.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/952","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They don't change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3121.44,3122.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/953","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Big circles don't have different properties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3122.87,3125.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/954","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than small circles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3125.47,3127.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/955","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So why should big cranes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3127.37,3130.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/956","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in dock yards have different properties than small cranes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3130.65,3135.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/957","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and big weights than small weights","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3135.2,3138.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/958","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and large scale than small scale.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3138.03,3139.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/959","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, there is an answer to that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3139.9,3141.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/960","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the science of applied mechanics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3141.7,3144.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/961","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When the crane...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3145.521,3146.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/962","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a complicated answer but just to give you a rough idea","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3146.49,3149.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/963","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when the crane gets too big,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3149.88,3152.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/964","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the weight of the crane itself becomes a factor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3152.62,3154.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/965","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the whole operation you're performing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3154.98,3157.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/966","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you will have no difficulty, I think,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3157.9,3160.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/967","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in thinking of cases where somebody has made a model","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3160.06,3162.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/968","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of something that worked fine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3162.84,3164.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/969","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that wouldn't work in full size.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3164.12,3165.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/970","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many people flew airplanes models","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3165.98,3168.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/971","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before anyone ever succeeded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3168.09,3169.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/972","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in flying a full scale airplane, for example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3169.56,3171.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/973","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, that's I think is what is going on in our society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3172.83,3177.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/974","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The cyclotron laboratory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3179.4,3180.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/975","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not just a bigger physics laboratory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3180.52,3183.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/976","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is something about it that's different in kind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3183.03,3185.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/977","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A hospital using instrumental diagnosis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3186.78,3189.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/978","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not just an enlargement of the family physician.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3189.43,3192.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/979","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A scientific society with 160,000 members","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3193.6,3197.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/980","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not just an enlarged version of the Royal Society","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3197.48,3200.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/981","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of London.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3200.71,3201.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/982","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A corporation is not just a big company","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3202.81,3205.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/983","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a war machine is not just a big army.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3205.27,3208.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/984","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We might like to go back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3210.41,3211.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/985","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the string and ceiling wax laboratory,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3211.59,3213.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/986","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the country doctor, small business or the cavalry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3213.94,3218.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/987","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can't do it because there are too many of us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3218.4,3220.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/988","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were about a billion people in the world in 1800","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3221.85,3226.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/989","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when Malfas was explaining","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3226.26,3228.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/990","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why it couldn't accommodate anymore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3228.07,3230.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/991","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1907, there were about a billions 600 million.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3230.94,3234.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/992","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1960 there were 3,220,000 people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3240.49,3245.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/993","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's an increase in scale too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3245.79,3248.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/994","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everything has increased in scale","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3248.24,3250.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/995","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think that to solve problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3250.53,3255.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/996","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which needed to be solved, obviously it would help","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3255.41,3258.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/997","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if we could manage to think or discover or do research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3258.64,3263.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/998","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on what the significance is of the increase in scale","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3263.15,3267.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/999","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rather than go back and try and find the hero","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3267.71,3270.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1000","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who developed something you like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3270.38,3272.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1001","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the villain who introduced something you don't like.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3272.04,3276.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1002","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They weren't heroes or villains.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3276.8,3278.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1003","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They couldn't foresee the future any better than we can.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3278.22,3281.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1004","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They couldn't foresee the scale","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3281.66,3283.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1005","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on which all these things are done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3283.89,3286.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1006","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so I suggested that as an approach","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3286.04,3288.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1007","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the study of the questions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3288.54,3293.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1008","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of which this seminar is concerned and my justification","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3293.36,3298.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1009","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for introducing the chlorinated hydrocarbons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3298.06,3300.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1010","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is I think a very striking example of the problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3300.27,3303.437"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1011","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3303.437,3304.836"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1012","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people applauding)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3304.836,3307.836"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1013","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you very much (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3318.727,3321.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1014","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Might sound like a lot, I'd say because (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3321.31,3325.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1015","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's very very small compared to the weight","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3326.794,3327.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1016","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the atmosphere (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3327.91,3330.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1017","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you start picking changed scale.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3334.618,3337.701"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1018","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, in that case,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3340.206,3341.956"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1019","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the impressive thing of course is changing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3343.238,3346.144"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1020","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from a 20 fold increase in the use of chlorine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3346.144,3350.175"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1021","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a short period of time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3350.175,3353.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1022","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the thought provoking part of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3353.06,3355.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1023","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The question of how much chlorine the world can stand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3355.85,3360.217"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1024","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or better, how many manmade materials can the world stand?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3363.706,3368.706"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1025","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are man-made materials, all of them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3370.36,3373.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1026","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and except chlorine itself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3373.57,3376.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1027","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And how much of that can the earth stand?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3376.59,3380.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1028","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, my guess, I don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3380.48,3382.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1029","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the kind of thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3382.27,3383.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1030","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the environmental protection agency","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3383.18,3384.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1031","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is very likely to give somebody a grant for.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3384.99,3387.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1032","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But that you can even raise such questions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3392.494,3395.994"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1033","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a suggestion that that one ought to start thinking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3397.17,3401.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1034","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about (mumbles) all sorts of aspects of this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3401.64,3404.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1035","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that lead to that conclusion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3404.84,3406.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1036","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3408.081,3408.914"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1037","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether I've answered your question or not, have I?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3408.914,3411.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1038","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Probably as well as (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3411.69,3413.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1039","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, yeah, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3415.85,3416.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1040","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as far as the consumption","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3416.69,3419.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1041","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a hundred pounds of chlorine per person is concerned,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3419.1,3422.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1042","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the only significant thing about it, I think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3422.72,3424.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1043","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that it's about 20 times as much as people were consuming","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3424.77,3429.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1044","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a generation earlier.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3429.23,3430.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1045","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e One question I wanted to ask is...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3437.998,3441.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1046","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the things that came (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3441.58,3444.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1047","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was there was a great period, a time lag","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3444.49,3448.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1048","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between some of the hydrocarbons invented","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3448.19,3452.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1049","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the 19th century and which should not come to be used","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3452.49,3456.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1050","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until 1948 (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3456.69,3457.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1051","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is this also a dimension of the present day","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3460.2,3465.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1052","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that things get put into production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3466.398,3469.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1053","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"almost as soon as they are invented (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3469.27,3471.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1054","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, they're all kind of, this is sort of interesting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3473.974,3476.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1055","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the point of view of time lags.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3476.32,3478.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1056","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think it fits any theory I ever heard","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3478.21,3481.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1057","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about time lags.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3481.22,3482.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1058","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've heard papers where people say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3482.7,3484.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1059","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"19th century the time lag was such and such,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3484.96,3488.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1060","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the 20th century reduced to some other very small number.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3488.27,3492.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1061","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, maybe so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3492.91,3494.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1062","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This case suggests that the time lag,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3494.96,3499.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1063","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think represents much of anything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3503.5,3505.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1064","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was the chlorine problem needed to be solved.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3505.51,3509.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1065","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when the chlorine problem needed to be solved,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3509.7,3511.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1066","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they went back and there was all books","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3511.83,3513.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1067","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and found the century old substances.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3513.52,3517.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1068","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They also found","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3517.58,3518.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1069","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the chemists had described their property.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3518.84,3521.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1070","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those are the chemists who made them in the first place","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3521.91,3524.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1071","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said the more chlorine you put in,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3524.21,3526.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1072","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the less inflammable it gets.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3526.21,3529.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1073","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was needed was for somebody to say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3529.07,3531.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1074","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we oughta have non inflammable solvents","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3531.64,3536.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1075","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they went on using inflammable solvents","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3536.85,3539.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1076","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through the 19th century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3539.12,3540.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1077","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one wonders","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3541.68,3542.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1078","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they ever would have introduced non inflammable solvents","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3542.83,3546.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1079","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if it hadn't been for the chlorine salesman","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3546.02,3548.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1080","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who had all this chlorine to get rid of.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3548.92,3551.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1081","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean I've not gotten much better explanation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3552.2,3555.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1082","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than that to offer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3555.33,3556.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1083","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have no theory about time lag.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3556.18,3558.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1084","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't see any there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3558.23,3560.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1085","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The chlorine problem of the 20th century","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3560.28,3562.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1086","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is surely what brought all these immense uses into being.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3564.87,3569.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1087","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They gave an incentive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3569.81,3571.167"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1088","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e In other words, we should soon expect proliferation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3572.412,3575.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1089","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of sodium products as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3575.75,3577.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1090","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Since we don't have--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3579.52,3580.652"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1091","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Sodium products are generally biodegradable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3580.652,3583.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1092","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as far as I know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3583.04,3584.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1093","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I don't know that I can say any more than that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3585.462,3590.462"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1094","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about what we should do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3593.08,3594.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1095","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Does Schwindler School of Chemistry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3598.143,3600.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1096","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"perceive problems with inventing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3600.89,3602.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1097","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these sort of non-natural substances","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3602.41,3606.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1098","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like we're talking about now?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3606.22,3607.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1099","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sorry, would you say that again?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3607.7,3609.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I guess I found that Schwindler School,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3609.01,3611.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the people who objected to making hydrocarbons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3611.6,3614.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh! The objection to the hydrocarbons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3614.353,3618.017"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was not to making them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3618.017,3619.307"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was to the front that this this whole method,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3619.307,3624.307"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"theory of organic chemistry gave to the traditional theory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3626.1,3629.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was a typical inner academic fight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3629.21,3632.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The traditional theory was that all compounds,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3632.24,3635.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"organic or otherwise consist of a positive part","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3635.79,3638.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a negative part.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3638.56,3640.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this chlorine...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3640.25,3642.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The work was being done with chloronide hydrocarbon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3642.65,3645.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seemed to contradict it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3645.17,3646.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because chlorine which was negative was replacing hydrogen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3646.92,3650.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is positive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3650.3,3651.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a kind of an internal matter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3651.88,3654.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e It didn't worry about inventing non-natural substances","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3654.26,3656.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that sort of thing?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3656.84,3658.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3658.09,3659.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No, there's nothing about that in there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3659.33,3662.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was simply an insult to the fathers of the science","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3662.0,3665.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who had posed the old theory that was being replaced.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3665.31,3667.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nothing more to it than that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3667.9,3669.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were made in small quantities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3671.5,3673.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until these Cs began to be produced in enormous quantities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3674.7,3679.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the questions didn't exist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3679.43,3681.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and nobody would get up and denounced DTT","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3682.9,3686.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if only small amounts of it were being used.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3686.09,3688.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There'd be no reason to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3690.98,3692.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(person mumbling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3693.698,3695.787"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Of what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3695.787,3696.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(person mumbling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3696.62,3699.186"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oh!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3699.186,3700.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah, sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3700.56,3701.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(person mumbling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3701.81,3702.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Scale.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3702.67,3703.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That we live in a world dominated by scale","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3703.6,3706.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we reasoned about this world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3706.79,3708.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of a world that's gone, not very long gone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3708.57,3712.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Only about maybe 30, 40 years ago","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3712.33,3715.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but now hardly anything happens.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3717.74,3721.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that sort of happens on an enormous scale","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3721.39,3723.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the hula hoop to rock music","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3725.16,3727.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to chlorinated hydrocarbons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3727.14,3728.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's worldwide on a mass scale.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3728.75,3730.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it becomes a different phenomenon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3732.027,3733.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's my argument.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3733.59,3735.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Sometimes the definition between what is natural","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3735.58,3738.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and unnatural isn't always obvious.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3738.91,3742.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We get for example, in this case of chlorine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3742.6,3745.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now there is a world where there's lots of chlorine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3745.82,3748.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right here on earth and that's under the ocean.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3748.93,3752.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Under the ocean?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3753.59,3754.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e In the ocean.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3754.423,3755.256"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, it exists so as sodium chloride.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3756.61,3759.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e No, not all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3759.23,3760.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are many (mumbles) plants and animals in the ocean.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3760.063,3764.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Indeed have chlorinated hydrocarbons in them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3764.81,3768.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Is that so?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3768.13,3768.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't it know it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3768.963,3769.796"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are they edible?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3771.55,3772.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3773.242,3774.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Most of them would be very toxic to us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3774.96,3777.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So they must do something (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3777.22,3779.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e In their own society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3780.45,3781.749"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3781.749,3784.582"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e When we talk about technology and value systems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3785.77,3788.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that the problem of mass problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3788.34,3793.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and overreaction to them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3793.7,3796.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is something we have to live with today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3796.22,3798.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the German canvas of the last century","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3798.6,3801.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that enjoy just insulting each other in journals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3801.32,3804.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and didn't have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3804.62,3806.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think there are many examples of this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3806.35,3810.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in modern science, modern scholarship that we face.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3810.48,3813.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think we come and DNA is one case","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3813.26,3816.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where society as a whole is running scared","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3816.05,3820.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so they learn to put I think much too strict regulations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3820.72,3825.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on what a person can do or the use of drugs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3825.8,3829.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of various kinds even in fairly innocuous ways now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3829.85,3834.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are under such a bureaucratic shield","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3834.32,3838.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it takes years to be able to inject a rat","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3838.36,3841.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with some anesthetic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3841.013,3843.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because you have to evoke all of the the permissions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3843.14,3847.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the federal government down to the city of aims","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3847.25,3850.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be able to do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3850.43,3852.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think this fact of backlash","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3852.26,3855.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which has existed in all societies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3855.06,3857.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is with us in a very pernicious form today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3857.19,3860.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is because there is a problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3860.46,3863.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for over which the scientist or the scholar has no control.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3863.86,3867.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There tends to be overregulation of the scientist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3867.12,3870.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and overregulation in it's creative efforts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3870.54,3873.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think if we're talking about technology and society,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3873.66,3876.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is a problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3876.59,3878.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I don't think many people are facing now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3878.82,3882.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is some stifling creative effort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3882.04,3884.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because everybody's running scared.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3884.44,3886.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I don't think there's any doubt that is the case.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3888.11,3890.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I'm suggesting is somewhat not a glittering generality","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3893.84,3898.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but a generality, all right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3900.29,3901.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Simply that an awareness of the scale factor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3901.74,3905.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would improve our ability to discuss these things sensibly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3905.703,3910.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to avoid the heroes and villains approach","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3911.66,3914.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is embedded in what you're speaking of, I think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3914.44,3918.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To pass laws against the multitude of things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3922.27,3925.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by which we are plagued nowadays,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3925.88,3928.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it does sound rather impractical.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3928.09,3930.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if it's done it will probably be bad law and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3931.24,3934.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, my little contribution to all that is supposed...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=3934.93,3937.96"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29637/annotation/1210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/029/637/original/AV167949_What_the_Chemist_Found_in_Pandoras_Box_a.vtt?1624892425","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/029/637/original/AV167949_What_the_Chemist_Found_in_Pandoras_Box_a.vtt?1624892425"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29638","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV167949_What_the_Chemist_Found_in_Pandoras_Box_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373/transcript/29638/annotation/1211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Talking about chlorinated hydrocarbons in the environment of this occasion and that's what I'll try to do. First of all, a few words about organic chemistry which came into existence as a science between 1830 and 1860. Give and take a few years. The question about organic chemistry was how can there be so many compounds made of so few elements? The organic realm is enormous in terms of the number of compounds and yet they're practically all made or the great majority of them are made from four elements, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Carbon is always present. Hydrogen is almost always present. Oxygen and nitrogen frequently and a lot of other elements very occasionally. But this was, I think the extraordinary thing about this subject called organic chemistry. Now to come immediately to the answer of how there can be so many compounds from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. The answer which was worked out during the period I mentioned was based on the theory that carbon can have four connections of valence. Valence was the scientific word. I'll use connections. Sometimes at least I don't want to load this lecture with technical words. Carbon has four connections. Nitrogen has three. Oxygen has two and hydrogen has one. If you put them together in a way that they have this kind of connection you will be able to present the structure of organic compounds. May I have the slide please? There's only one slide so I probably won't mix it up. Anybody see it? This projector probably won't show only one slide. Oh! Great. Now that's the bottom half. Can't get left or right. I don't need the whole thing at once but what I need right now is the top half. Can you prop up the back with the projectors swayed back. Till I get the top half. Elevate the back to the projector so I can see the top half of the slide. There you go. Now these things up at the top are hydrocarbons and they follow the rule I mentioned. That CH4 up there can also be shown as in the second picture which is a structural drawing. I haven't drawn the Hs but out at the end of those lines there are Hs. That's methane gas which was discovered in swamps in Birmingham, England about 1800 and you see it has one carbon and four hydrogens because carbon has four connections of valences and hydrogen had one. You see also that the carbons can connect to each other. The second one shows that two carbons connected and there are six hydrogens and the next one, three and then extra one, four. Thus, the third part propane and butane are familiar to anybody who has used bottled gas. You'll notice in under number two, it's C2H4 has ethylene shows that double connections can exist between carbons. Again, the carbon you'll see has four connections. Each one of them has four. Two of them are for hydrogens. That's represented by the short lines going above and below and the other two are to the other carbon. And then acetylene next to that shows that carbon can connect with what's called a triple bond. And then over on the far right this thing marked butadiene shows that two double bonds. These give you the variety of possibilities and begin to give you some idea of how they're candidates to many compounds. These are all made out of just carbon and hydrogen, you'll notice. And by playing around with that you can create on paper quite a few compounds of almost infinite number in fact. It's a sort of a game. Now, the trickiest part of the game was a compound. Now, I'm talking about number three, C6H6. A compound which actually just had called benzene which as you can see, looks very difficult to fit into that scheme where carbon has four connections of valences and hydrogen only one. This was successfully accomplished by a German chemist named Kekule. I think it was 1858. In the way you see there, he says he dreamed this. There I have left off the Cs as well as the Hs but on that hexagon you were to pick up a C at each corner of the hexagon and at the end of the line the usual Hs. And if you ponder that a little and I'll give you time because I'm planning to leave this slide up for a little while. So I guess I'm gonna stand right in front of it the whole day. Well, anyway, ponder in a short while and you will, I think see that it fits the rules of the game. Now, may I have the lights, please? Even though they do demolish that. I'll have to come back to the other half of the slide in a moment. Now, chlorine. The role of chlorine in this... Chlorine played a role in the study of chlorinated hydrocarbons because it has a valence of one. It will make one connection like hydrogen and it will easily replace hydrogen. And whereas there are a multitude of hydrocarbons, multitude of organic compounds, there are either no chlorinated hydrocarbons in nature or virtually none. Essentially, they don't exist. So by replacing those hydrogen atoms with chlorine atoms, the chemists made compounds which they knew something about because they had made them themselves which they did not confuse with other things because they only knew a very few of them. They were manmade. They were understood by men. Furthermore, they found that chlorinating, replacing those Hs with Cl changes the property surprisingly little so that the product of chain of substituting chlorine for hydrogens was recognizable as descendant from the hydrocarbon they started out with. Now, I described this as a game. I want to say just a word to avoid appearing to belittle the chemists. There is a side of this game that is not easy at all. When I was a student here I was given a senior project, research project which was exactly in this field. I was to brominate an organic compound. Now, brominating and chlorinating are for all practical purposes. The same thing. Bromine is a little easier to handle and so students are given that to use. So that was my project and I went through the term. You melt the stuff in a vessel and add the bromine to it and control the physical conditions and the length of time you treat it and it's fairly painstakingly painstaking. But the idea is that ultimately you get a brominated compound that you can identify. I went through the term and my bromine kept disappearing as I performed this experiment one time after another. I ended up with almost the pure stuff that I started out with except that the bromine was all gone. Despite that or because of it, I was allowed to leave the university shortly after that. But I do have that much personal experience so I'm not totally ignorant of the realities of this. They are not simple but it's simple enough to talk about it on an occasion like this. In fact, the real reason I'm talking about chlorinated hydrocarbons is that I think that's necessary. And the time in which we lived at the public face a little of the realities of these things and I'm trying to make you face them and I'm trying to explain them in a way that will be intelligible without regard to whether you've ever had any chemistry or not. Now this element chlorine, then with which they replaced all these Hs was discovered in 1774 by a famous Swedish chemist named Scheele, who described it as a greenish gas with a suffocating odor which dissolves slightly in water, corrodes metals and bleaches colored leaves and flowers. It was not thought to be an element. It was thought to be a compound. Only 35 years later in 1810 was it decided that this stuff chlorine was an element because they had never been able to break it down into anything simpler and by 1810 they had the electric battery which had been invented 10 years earlier and were able to subject compounds to a new force that should break them up. Didn't break up chlorine. This was done by Sir Humphrey Davy in London at The Royal Institution. Now, so having decided that it is an element, the chemist then took the next step that chemists take. They see how their new element reacts with various things. With simple things like hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon. Well, with hydrogen, chlorine reacts to make hydrochloric acid which had been known for a long time, which is probably known to most of you. In fact, chlorine had been discovered by breaking up hydrochloric acid. So there was no problem there but with the other three; oxygen, nitrogen and carbon nothing happened when they tried to react chlorine with them. Which seemed very odd because it had many... In many ways, it seemed very active. This became for a short time of popular research. Humphrey Davy the same man who had proved it was not an element tried to react it. Since he couldn't react it with carbon and oxygen, he tried to react it with carbon monoxide which is the simplest compound of carbon. It did react. He got a compound which we know as phosgene as was used as a poison in the first World War, war gas. More spectacular was the case of nitrogen. It wouldn't react with nitrogen either but it was found that it would react with ammonium chloride which contains nitrogen. A long known substance which had been called sal ammoniac since the middle ages. This discovery was made by a French man named Dulong in 1811, who probably or should have regretted it because it exploded and he lost an eye and several fingers. I've never been able to find out exactly how many fingers Dulong lost, which is embarrassing because that's the kind of things historians are supposed to be able to find out. It's one to three according to various accounts. Davy in London was also experimenting with what he'd made with nitrogen chloride which is explosive. I don't recommend making it. Davy in London was also experimenting with nitrogen chloride. It also blew up in his face. He didn't suffer any more than a week off. However, from his regular work at The Royal Institution. However, this necessitated his calling in his helper the young man whom he'd hired to wash bottles sometime before named Michael Faraday. Faraday is one of the most famous scientists of the 19th century. Self-taught, read chemistry books. He worked for a book binder and he read the chemistry books when they were brought in to be bound and he got himself a job washing bottles at The Royal Institution and when nitrogen chloride exploded in Davy's face, Faraday replaced him for a short while during which he undertook to do all of Davy's work including continuing working with nitrogen chloride which soon exploded in Faraday's face. But these were heroic days. These things happen. These are heroic days. Faraday shortly after we dropped somebody that chlorine was his favorite subject. Well, that took care more or less of the experiments to see if they could get chlorine to react with oxygen and nitrogen. On the case of carbon, Faraday then tried to react chlorine with C2H4, ethylene which was on the diagram when we had it and he got something. In fact, it turned out to contain only chlorine and hydrogen, which is what he was after in the first place. It's called hexachloroethane. And in which all of the hydrogens... Can you give me the slide for just a second again? You see ethylene up there, the C with the double bond. He replaced all four of the hydrogens that you see there and he also replaced the double bond so he got up above itself ethane What he got was ethane, finally. What he got was ethane with all the hydrogens replaced by chlorine. He also got ethane with only four of the hydrogens replaced by chlorine so there was still two hydrogen atoms in it and four chlorine. That's called tetrachloroethane for obvious reasons and the other one is called hexachloroethane for obvious reasons. Will you give me the light again? I'll need this slide once more, I believe, but not just yet. Well, now you will be greatly relieved to know that I'm not gonna run through the subsequent history of this. Rather, I'm going to go to a quotation from about 1870 when organic chemistry existed as a science and when some of the leading chemists were trying to decide who deserved the credit. It was a brilliant accomplishment to have come up with this theory which has been successful ever since. Marcellin Berthelot, one of the leading chemists of the late 19th century said and I quote, \"The rise of organic chemistry as do above all to Faraday's demonstration that chlorine replaces hydrogen volume for volume.\" By volume for volume he means the same thing as I mean when I say atom for atom. When Faraday worked in the period I'm talking about, the atomic theory had not yet been accepted and they worked by volumes instead of the atom which is a theoretical entity you can't see. That's not a matter of great importance. The important thing is that here we see Faraday being credit for that simple experiment I just described. For being given the maximum credit more than anyone else for the rise of organic chemistry. Now, two chlorinated hydrocarbons were already known. Ethyl chloride, If I... Well, nevermind. Ethyl chloride. The reason I'm fretting here is 'cause I thought I was gonna have that slide on all the time but it isn't gonna work so we'll have it once in a while and I'll remark on it. Two are already known and one was made about 1600 by a chemist named Basel Valentine, who was an imaginary chemist who supposedly lived in the middle ages. His work was pseudonymous but he did things anyway. He reacted hydrochloric acid with alcohol. Alcohol is ethane with an OH on the end of it. And he got ethyl chloride which is ethane with one hydrogen replaced by chlorine. The other one that was known by 1800 was ethylene chloride which had been made in 1794 by four Dutchman whose names were so complicated that they were known as the Dutch chemists and never mentioned by name although in Harlem they were well known and this may well have been resented. But anyway, they came down as The Dutch Chemists through history and the thing they had discovered was known as the Dutch liquid. Now you will hear... The next time we get the slides, I'll point out to you what these two things are to remind you. You'll be hearing more about them than anything else through the rest of this lecture. In 1842, a large nine volume dictionary of chemistry mentioned 90 chlorinated hydrocarbons, roughly. I counted them but because they were not precisely identified you can't be sure but it was a large number. About 90 but not as early as 1842. Now the chemists were not really interested in these chlorinated hydrocarbons. They were interested in materials which exist in nature and they don't exist in nature but there are so many organic materials in nature that they couldn't get a handle on them. These chlorinated hydrocarbon served the chemist as an intermediary substance that he could actually understand because he'd made it between him and the great world of organic nature that he couldn't understand. A series of theories were put forth which went under strange names like ethylene theory, type theory, substitution theory and so forth. These were the major theories that finally led ultimately to this scheme that I put on the slide and described in the first place where carbon has four connections of valence, nitrogen three, oxygen two, hydrogen one and that organic compounds consist of these things put together according to this rule. That's the outcome of it. All of these stages if you look at the literature, are full of chlorinated hydrocarbons. It is quite clear that they developed the theory through the study of those materials. The crowning achievement was a case of something known as trichloroacetic acid which was discovered by a French chemist named Dumas in 1838. Acetic acid is vinegar. One of the oldest known substances and acetic acid happens to have four hydrogens in it and he had replaced three of them and yet it was just like vinegar. It had hardly changed any for being vinegar and yet he'd placed three fourths of the hydrogens. Furthermore, chlorine is a very heavy element. Much heavier than carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and not to mention hydrogen. So this trichloroacetic acid was something like 80% chlorine and still it behaved like vinegar. This was too much. This was what upset the ruling powers in chemistry and caused such things as the following in the German journal in 1840. There was a letter from a French chemist or from a chemist that no one had ever heard of before since saying that he had been working on manganese acetates. Now a manganese acetate is vinegar reacted with the metal manganese. It contains nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and manganese. And he describes his pain staking research in which he replaced the hydrogens all with carbon. Then he replaced all the oxygen with carbon. Then he replaced all with chlorine. Then he replaced all the carbon with chlorine and then he replaced the manganese with chlorine and by now he had a compound that was all chlorine but it still acted like manganese acetate. This letter was signed by the following name, SCH Windler. SCH Windler, Schwindler. It was written by Volhard, a leading German chemist who gave it the title on the substitution law and the theory of types. And in the journal where it appeared, it appeared immediately after an article by Dumas with exactly the same title. However, those who are using the chlorinated hydrocarbons to develop a new theory of organic chemistry did triumph. Now, I want to turn to the uses of chlorine. It was discovered in 70 and 74. 20 years later 94. 1794 it's found his first use as bleach in bleaching. It had been found and it was discovered that it bleached colored leaves and flowers. It was used to bleach cloth from 1794, replaced all other bleaching agents. The very important industrial use. It was made from chlorine or from hydrochloric acid and actually not much was required. A very little bit of chlorine will bleach cloth. As you doubtless know, it's used for disinfection of swimming pools now and a very little bit of it is required for that too. From 1825 there was an artificial soda industry in Europe which grew to enormous size and which had as its waste material, hydrochloric acid. It became the first notorious atmospheric pollutant. Ultimately led to a serious legal controls on the British chemical industry. As long as they could, they just let the hydrochloric acid come out through chimneys, building the chimneys higher and higher. This got the hydrochloric acid out of Birmingham and carried it all the way over to Liverpool. They tried to solve the problem. They didn't try very hard until they were forced to but they tried to solve it by converting the hydrochloric acid into chlorine which did have a use after all for bleaching but they didn't need that much. Well, after 1900 things got even worse because a new process for making soda came into being called the electrolytic process in which salt, sodium chloride is divided into sodium and chlorine. And here chlorine was the waste material itself so there was some concern for finding new uses for chlorine. Essentially, only one was found through the whole of the 19th century, chloroform. Chloroform had been discovered in 1831. It had the formulas CHCl3. It is methane, there's one carbon with four hydrogens in which three of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. It was discovered in 1831. About 1850 it's power of putting people and animals to sleep was noticed. This was 10 years after the beginning of anesthesia. Anesthesia was introduced to this country first about 1848 using ether. A compound, a constitution which I'd rather not go into. You've probably heard of it at least all of you who are anywhere near as old as I am probably had ether administered to you. This was one of the greatest boons medicine has ever experienced. The possibility of putting people to sleep while you cut them up. Ether was a boon except that it is exceedingly inflammable much more so than gasoline. If you have one of these little spray cans to spray on in your carburetor when it's too cold for your engine to start, the can probably contains ether. It's that inflammable. So they were glad to discover in about 1850 that they had this other material, chloroform which also put people to sleep. But whereas there was danger of death from explosion or fire when you use ether. Chloroform killed you if you inhaled too much. When I was young, chloroform was used to put away unwanted cats and dogs in the Newton dog pond, I remember. So we went down to the 19th century with people deciding which one of these things they wanted to risk and you can gather from that, that chloroform was not used very widely. Ultimately, ether came back and chloroform fell out of disuse. About 1860, an English author of a book on clinical technology named Muspratt, Sheridan Muspratt. He made a big thing out of this. He was concerned that chemistry is not useful and he picked out chloroform as proof that chemistry is useful. And he says the trouble is that the chemists don't describe all the properties of these things that they're discovering and so the potential uses are not revealed. Muspratt was a pioneer in chemical technology, 1860. After him there were many textbooks with clinical technology down through the end of the 19th century and into the 20th. I've looked at most of them and there's hardly anything in there indicating new uses for chlorine. About 1900, disinfection of drinking water came in. Later on things like swimming pools. Again, something for which they didn't require very much, paper bleaching which used up a lot more. Paper bleaching by chlorine is the reason why books that you bought 10 years ago fall apart in your hands. Whereas books published 200 years ago are in good shape. It's very useful. In a book on chemical technology dated 1913 by Edward Thorpe the standard texts of the early 20th century, there was mention of only two additional uses for chlorine and they're both for making chlorinated hydrocarbons and both materials related to chlorine. If you are to a chloroform... If you replace only one of these hydrogens with methane you're supposed to be picturing that up there. CH4. If you replace only one hydrogen by chlorine you naturally get the CH3Cl and that is called methyl chloride and we find it being used in refrigeration by 1913. Mainly because it was extremely cheap because they found if you put chlorine in a sugar beet residue, you get methyl chloride. If you replace two you get something, the two Hs and two Cls which I will skip as not being relevant at the moment. If you replace three you'd get chloroform. If you replace all four hydrogens you get CCl4, which is carbon tetrachloride which was used in dry cleaning. Carbon Tet is something you can buy in the drugstore and you're probably familiar with it. This was all small potatoes, that's the point. And so we come down to the first World War where the chlorine problem, enormous quantities of chlorine that they didn't know what to do with. The first World War helped this problem because in 1915 chlorine was introduced as a war gas on the Western front by the Germans. The British were not long behind. So they're just as good solvent as their parents were. Since the beginning of the 19th century, the solvents have increasingly come to be carbon tetrachloride and other related materials, all chlorinated hydrocarbons. The real boon in using up that chlorine though was the automobile. About 1920, tetra ethyl lead was introduced to gasoline as an anti knock agent. This was developed by Thomas Midgley of General Motors Corporation. Tetra ethyl lead does not contain any chlorine but it's made from ethyl chloride. Ethyl chloride is the material I said was one of the two chlorinated hydrocarbons described before 1800. It's made from alcohol and hydrochloric acid. That material with lead are the raw materials for tetra ethyl lead. Now this tetra ethyl lead in your engine leaves a coating of lead on the engine and that has to be removed. It's removed with what's called a scavenger. The material that will dissolve this lead while it's freshly deposited and hot. And the best scavenger turned out to be ethylene chloride, The Dutch liquid, which is the other chlorinated hydrocarbon that I said was known before 1800 . About 1926, they began to introduce glycol antifreeze. Glycol antifreeze was also made from ethylene chloride. In 1928, Midgley who worked for the General Motors Corporation and was actually a mechanical engineer, developed the refrigerant known as Freon which has been universal ever since in modern refrigerating plans. That is a compound in which some of the hydrogen in methane has been replaced by chlorine and some by fluorine, which is a compound that's related to chlorine. I think it's time to get that slide back. I hope I can remove the confusions. First of all, this here is the reaction done by Basil Valentine before 1600. There's alcohol with which some of you are probably familiar. Hydrochloric acid and you get what I called here mono chlorobenzene and mono chloroethane. I'm not sure that's what I called it before but anyway I don't remember. Don't worry about that. These things all have several names, unfortunately. The number two refers to the reaction between chlorine and ethylene which you see up at the top there in which those double bonds have been removed by being filled in with chlorine. CH2ClCH2Cl, which of course can also be repping C2H4Cl2. Well here's chloroform, which I've already described. Here's carbon tetrachloride. You see they're derived from that simplest hydrocarbon that I had on the top. These two are also used in dry cleaning very expensively now and they have a double bond in them but you can see that various quantities of H have been replaced by Cl. In this case three out of four, in this case four out of four. Yeah, can you get it up a little higher? Thank you, that's fine now. Now, here are the fluorocarbons. The compounds I just mentioned which have both fluorine and chlorine in them, including this Freon refrigerant. It's a strange kind of a compound. Midgley must've been an extraordinarily clever man. He figured out some of the things that he did. Apparently the reason he came up with this is because in a refrigerant you want something that has just the right boiling point so you can keep boiling it and condensing it easily at about room temperature. You also want something that's non-toxic. So if it leaks out into the room, it won't kill you. These compounds that... Midgley guessed the compounds of this kind would fill a veil and he made some and they actually work. They should be called... They're called fluorocarbons. That's what he called them and that implies that it's all fluorine but they've both chlorine and fluorine so that's a misnomer but that's what they call them so that's what I'll call them. Finally, as long so we can get rid of this chart once. and for all, item eight here... I don't know how well you can see this. I guess I'll just have to hope. Is it focus able? A number eight seems to be pretty bad. I can hardly see it myself, barely. That's better, thank you. CH2 and then there's a double bond CHCL. For some reason that's called vinyl chloride. You notice that it really is related to these things, not very different. One point I want to make here at how simple all these things are. I'm sure you know how complicated organic molecules are nowadays that you see in textbook but these things are about as simple as they can get. Vinyl chloride you probably heard of too and that's what it is and I'll come back to it in a few minutes. Thanks, may I have I have a light please? Well, so the problem is on the way to solution. At least the automobile and the replacement of inflammable by non-inflammable solvents went a long way to solve the chlorine problem. But then the second World War ensured the solution of the chlorine problem. About 1940 somebody discovered that Freon, this material which I just described, this refrigerant, if you put it in a sealed can with a liquid, you pick up the can with your hand, the Freon or the fluorocarbon evaporates, produces pressure inside the can and you can squirt the fluid out. The aerosol can had been invented. It was first used to spray medicines in American troops used by the American troops in the Pacific war. Since then, the use of it must be all too familiar to you. Also, in the second World War, they attempted to make artificial rubber and succeeded in doing so. Among the materials they tried to use were chlorinated hydrocarbons like vinyl chloride which polymerize. That means that under certain physical conditions the molecules connect in long chains and become solid materials. Names like fire coal, neoprene were the names of artificial rubbers during second World War and the most well known of them was vinyl chloride. They were not very much like rubber sometimes but they were used for plastics. Vinyl chloride came out of the war as one of the most widely used plastics making phonographs, car seat covers. Almost all car seat covers are made out of vinyl chloride plastic. Electric insulation and so on. This material, vinyl chloride had been discovered in 1835 and this application not made until 1940, over a hundred years later 1942, DDT was introduced as an insecticide. That is a chlorinated hydrocarbon, a little more complicated than these but it had been known since 1874. It was a miracle pesticide. It's been followed up by a lot of others . By 1970, we read outcries in the chemical literature about the sodium problem. This alkali industry is now operated mainly to produce chlorine and there are not enough uses for sodium to make it economical so this is the current worry. The per capita consumption of chlorine in the United States in 1935 was three and a half pounds. That's 1935. 1955 it was 41 pounds. 1975 it was a hundred pounds. 55% of the salt made in this country and we have by far the world's largest production is used to make chlorine. That's the primary purpose of producing the salt is to produce chlorine. And at that chlorine, the proportion which is estimated to go into chlorinated hydrocarbons is estimated up to 70%. These are dated from recent years. The United States consumption of vinyl chloride in 1973 was five and a half billion pounds. Ethylene chloride, the Dutch liquid, eight billion pounds made in 1973. These are billions. As early as 1960, 670 million aerosol cans were manufactured in the United States. During the generation between 1930 and 1960, the per capita consumption of all of these things together solvents, plastics, pesticide, only the ones containing chlorine increased on an average of nearly 20 times, 20 fold. That is to say in 1960 we were using 20 times as much of these things as we were in 1930. So Muspratt you see has been vindicated. Chemical research is useful after all. What was the matter with those 19th century chemists? Well, one thing that was a matter whether might've been that their thought in using the chlorinated hydrocarbons to develop a theory of organic chemistry they were actually making them useful and it wasn't necessarily to do more. Another thing that must be said of the early 19th century chemists that they were very short time. About two generations away from alchemy and they were not very anxious to get back into the kind of muddled mysticism and empiricism which they were trying to free chemistry from. Chemistry was hardly a science before the 19th century. The followers of Muspratt, the practical chemists, the practical chemical engineers certainly did not accomplish much in the solution to the chlorine problem during the rest of the 19th century. In fact, they accomplished so little that that may have something to do with why chemical engineering became an academic discipline in the 20th century instead of purely something you go out and learn by working in the works. The educated engineer of the 20th century is the person who's responsible for these marvelously useful things. But of course you got them for reading all books written by chemists of nearly a hundred years earlier. The most important thing to say about it. Well, before I come to that, I always say something that's probably not necessary to say because you must know it and if you don't know it, you should check up on yourself. DDT has proven to have so many harmful side effects that has been more or less banned. In 1975, the James River in Virginia and much of Chesapeake Bay were poisoned by something called kepone which is another chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide. In 1976, a town called Madda, North of Milan in Italy was abandoned because of an explosion of something called TCDD. Something called PCB has been coming down the Hudson River and is second most polluting material in the sea along the Atlantic coast. These acronyms and trade names all cover chlorinated hydrocarbons. And as a matter of fact, here is this morning's Washington Post. I read on the airplane. You probably can't read that from here but the top line says 'Chloroform in Northern Virginia water exceeds safety level.' That's why I said that I didn't know whether I really needed to go into this. This one is an interesting wrinkle I must say. It seems that the chlorination of the drinking water in Northern Virginia is encountering methane which is generated by sewage, which is also getting in drinking water of Northern Virginia and the two of them together are making chloroform. The solvents, the solvent. So solvents that are not exploding are evaporating into the atmosphere at approximately the same rate as they're being manufactured today. The aerosols of fluorocarbons are charged with threatening the survival of the ozone layer to which they ascend. The solids like vinyl chloride resins end up as indigestible junk because they're not biodegradable or if they are heated strongly they disintegrate to form chlorine hydrochloric acid and phosgene. A couple of workmen were killed in a Washington building recently when an electrical shortage occurred in a high voltage line. The heat disintegrated the insulation which is vinyl chloride and produced chlorine hydrochloric acid and phosgene. However, when snaps are pointed out, it needs also to be pointed out, that DDT stopped the insect plagues. When I was young I spent my summer vacations in South Dakota in the thirties and I remember the grasshoppers coming over the hill in a solid cloud. I remember I think it was something called chinch bugs that destroyed the Iowa corn crop on a number of occasions. There's the other side of it. DDT stopped them, probably not permanently but anyone who remembers the insects that infected this region in the thirties will go a little slow in criticizing, at least criticizing the people who tried DDT. Furthermore, the chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents did prevent fire. The plastics have replaced metals which would have probably run out before now if they hadn't. Now, one factor I think... So I don't think there's much point in pursuing who has to be praised and who's to be blamed for this but there is something I want to conclude with which I think is worth thinking about. The factor here is one of scale, it seems to me. It's the scale on which everything is done today. And I wanna introduce my few remarks about that with a quotation from Galileo. The celebrated father of the scientific revolution who wrote a famous book in 1638 called 'Two New Sciences'. The Two New Science is one of them was mechanics. He is the... In that book, he gives a mathematical expression for the behavior of falling bodies like stones and that is probably the first step in the famous scientific revolution of the 17th century. That's what this book is used for. But there's another science in that book, 'Strength in Materials', we call it. He studied what it took to break a beam. The Venetian dockyard was famous for its huge cranes and so Galileo writes about that and he begins that book with some words like the following which I'll paraphrase. There are... It's the dialogue between two people called Salviati and Sagredo. Salviati says, \"Experience with a famous arsenal in Venice seems to me to open a large field to speculative minds and particularly in that area, which is called mechanics because they have so many different kinds of machines.\" Then Sagredo says, \"Indeed, I've sometimes been thrown into confusion and of disparate of understanding how fun some things can happen that I see there.\" Salvati, \"You mean when we were trying to comprehend the reason why they make the sustaining apparatus, supports blocks and other things so much larger around those huge galleys than they do around little boats?\" Sagredo, \" I do mean that and particularly what we'd noticed that I have always considered to be an idol notion of the common people. That one cannot reason from the small to the large because so many mechanical devices succeed on a small scale that cannot succeed in great size. Now all reasoning about mechanics have their foundations in geometry and I don't see why a largeness and smallness make any difference in things like circles. They don't change. Big circles don't have different properties than small circles. So why should big cranes in dock yards have different properties than small cranes and big weights than small weights and large scale than small scale.\" Well, there is an answer to that in the science of applied mechanics. When the crane... It's a complicated answer but just to give you a rough idea when the crane gets too big, the weight of the crane itself becomes a factor in the whole operation you're performing but you will have no difficulty, I think, in thinking of cases where somebody has made a model of something that worked fine that wouldn't work in full size. Many people flew airplanes models before anyone ever succeeded in flying a full scale airplane, for example. Well, that's I think is what is going on in our society. The cyclotron laboratory is not just a bigger physics laboratory. There is something about it that's different in kind. A hospital using instrumental diagnosis is not just an enlargement of the family physician. A scientific society with 160,000 members is not just an enlarged version of the Royal Society of London. A corporation is not just a big company and a war machine is not just a big army. We might like to go back to the string and ceiling wax laboratory, the country doctor, small business or the cavalry. We can't do it because there are too many of us. There were about a billion people in the world in 1800 when Malfas was explaining why it couldn't accommodate anymore. In 1907, there were about a billions 600 million. In 1960 there were 3,220,000 people. That's an increase in scale too. Everything has increased in scale and I think that to solve problems which needed to be solved, obviously it would help if we could manage to think or discover or do research on what the significance is of the increase in scale rather than go back and try and find the hero who developed something you like or the villain who introduced something you don't like. They weren't heroes or villains. They couldn't foresee the future any better than we can. They couldn't foresee the scale on which all these things are done and so I suggested that as an approach to the study of the questions of which this seminar is concerned and my justification for introducing the chlorinated hydrocarbons is I think a very striking example of the problem. Thank you.\r\n\r\n- Thank you very much .\r\n\r\n- Might sound like a lot, I'd say because it's very very small compared to the weight of the atmosphere when you start picking changed scale.\r\n\r\n- Well, in that case, the impressive thing of course is changing from a 20 fold increase in the use of chlorine in a short period of time is the thought provoking part of it. The question of how much chlorine the world can stand or better, how many manmade materials can the world stand? These are man-made materials, all of them and except chlorine itself. And how much of that can the earth stand? Well, my guess, I don't know. That's the kind of thing the environmental protection agency is very likely to give somebody a grant for. But that you can even raise such questions is a suggestion that that one ought to start thinking about all sorts of aspects of this that lead to that conclusion. I don't know whether I've answered your question or not, have I?\r\n\r\n- Probably as well as .\r\n\r\n- Yeah, yeah, yeah. And as far as the consumption of a hundred pounds of chlorine per person is concerned, the only significant thing about it, I think is that it's about 20 times as much as people were consuming a generation earlier.\r\n\r\n- One question I wanted to ask is... One of the things that came was there was a great period, a time lag between some of the hydrocarbons invented in the 19th century and which should not come to be used until 1948 . Is this also a dimension of the present day that things get put into production almost as soon as they are invented .\r\n\r\n- Yeah, they're all kind of, this is sort of interesting from the point of view of time lags. I don't think it fits any theory I ever heard about time lags. I've heard papers where people say 19th century the time lag was such and such, in the 20th century reduced to some other very small number. Well, maybe so. This case suggests that the time lag, I don't think represents much of anything. It was the chlorine problem needed to be solved. And when the chlorine problem needed to be solved, they went back and there was all books and found the century old substances. They also found that the chemists had described their property. Those are the chemists who made them in the first place said the more chlorine you put in, the less inflammable it gets. What was needed was for somebody to say we oughta have non inflammable solvents but they went on using inflammable solvents through the 19th century. And one wonders if they ever would have introduced non inflammable solvents if it hadn't been for the chlorine salesman who had all this chlorine to get rid of. I mean I've not gotten much better explanation than that to offer. I have no theory about time lag. I don't see any there. The chlorine problem of the 20th century is surely what brought all these immense uses into being. They gave an incentive.\r\n\r\n- In other words, we should soon expect proliferation of sodium products as well. Since we don't have--\r\n\r\n- Sodium products are generally biodegradable as far as I know but I don't know that I can say any more than that about what we should do.\r\n\r\n- Does Schwindler School of Chemistry perceive problems with inventing these sort of non-natural substances like we're talking about now?\r\n\r\n- I'm sorry, would you say that again?\r\n\r\n- I guess I found that Schwindler School, the people who objected to making hydrocarbons.\r\n\r\n- Oh! The objection to the hydrocarbons was not to making them. It was to the front that this this whole method, theory of organic chemistry gave to the traditional theory. This was a typical inner academic fight. The traditional theory was that all compounds, organic or otherwise consist of a positive part and a negative part. And this chlorine... The work was being done with chloronide hydrocarbon seemed to contradict it because chlorine which was negative was replacing hydrogen which is positive. This is a kind of an internal matter.\r\n\r\n- It didn't worry about inventing non-natural substances and that sort of thing?\r\n\r\n- No. No, there's nothing about that in there. It was simply an insult to the fathers of the science who had posed the old theory that was being replaced. Nothing more to it than that. They were made in small quantities until these Cs began to be produced in enormous quantities, the questions didn't exist and nobody would get up and denounced DTT if only small amounts of it were being used. There'd be no reason to.\r\n\r\n- Of what? Oh! Yeah, sure. Scale. That we live in a world dominated by scale but we reasoned about this world in terms of a world that's gone, not very long gone. Only about maybe 30, 40 years ago but now hardly anything happens. And that sort of happens on an enormous scale from the hula hoop to rock music to chlorinated hydrocarbons. It's worldwide on a mass scale. And it becomes a different phenomenon and that's my argument.\r\n\r\n- Sometimes the definition between what is natural and unnatural isn't always obvious. We get for example, in this case of chlorine. Now there is a world where there's lots of chlorine right here on earth and that's under the ocean.\r\n\r\n- Under the ocean?\r\n\r\n- In the ocean.\r\n\r\n- Well, it exists so as sodium chloride.\r\n\r\n- No, not all. There are many plants and animals in the ocean. Indeed have chlorinated hydrocarbons in them.\r\n\r\n- Is that so? I didn't it know it. Are they edible?\r\n\r\n- Most of them would be very toxic to us. So they must do something .\r\n\r\n- In their own society.\r\n\r\n- When we talk about technology and value systems I think that the problem of mass problems and overreaction to them is something we have to live with today that the German canvas of the last century that enjoy just insulting each other in journals and didn't have. And I think there are many examples of this in modern science, modern scholarship that we face. I think we come and DNA is one case where society as a whole is running scared and so they learn to put I think much too strict regulations on what a person can do or the use of drugs of various kinds even in fairly innocuous ways now are under such a bureaucratic shield that it takes years to be able to inject a rat with some anesthetic because you have to evoke all of the the permissions from the federal government down to the city of aims to be able to do that. So I think this fact of backlash which has existed in all societies is with us in a very pernicious form today. That is because there is a problem for over which the scientist or the scholar has no control. There tends to be overregulation of the scientist and overregulation in it's creative efforts. And I think if we're talking about technology and society, this is a problem which I don't think many people are facing now. That is some stifling creative effort because everybody's running scared.\r\n\r\n- Well, I don't think there's any doubt that is the case. What I'm suggesting is somewhat not a glittering generality but a generality, all right? Simply that an awareness of the scale factor would improve our ability to discuss these things sensibly and to avoid the heroes and villains approach which is embedded in what you're speaking of, I think. To pass laws against the multitude of things by which we are plagued nowadays, it does sound rather impractical. And if it's done it will probably be bad law and so forth. Well, my little contribution to all that is supposed...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45418/file/118373#t=0.0,3943.68"}]}]}]}