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Bradley,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=164.87,166.585"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the chair of the program committee,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=166.585,168.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for giving me this dubious honor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=168.81,171.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of speaking to you today.\n(laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=171.38,173.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e RitaMary:\u003c/strong\u003e You're welcome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=173.24,175.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Gretchen:\u003c/strong\u003e I also want to thank Ed Almond,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=175.0,176.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who could not be with us today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=176.77,178.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but who has served as president of the Iowa Humanities Board","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=178.6,181.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the past two years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=181.28,183.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Welcome to all of you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=183.62,185.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"welcome particularly to those of you who drove","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=185.09,187.576"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a distance to be here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=187.576,189.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and welcome also to my colleagues,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=189.5,191.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here at Iowa State University.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=191.47,193.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's intimidating to speak in one's own hometown.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=194.17,198.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If I'm a hundred miles away,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=198.01,199.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm an expert on any subject,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=199.71,202.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in Ames,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=202.15,203.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm simply one of those other folks over at the college.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=203.1,205.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I was asked to make a presentation on the subject","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=207.06,209.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of literacy and literature,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=209.64,211.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tom asked to make a presentation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=212.11,214.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on literacy and literature specifically,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=214.6,217.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my first response was,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=217.4,218.867"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Of course, this'll be easy.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=218.867,221.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've been trying to do both,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=221.12,222.822"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to teach both, for 15 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=222.822,225.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On second thought,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=225.93,227.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I decided I'd better be academic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=227.1,229.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That meant going to the library,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=229.4,230.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to find out what the experts have said.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=230.74,233.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was shocked,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=233.62,234.707"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to discover I'm looking through the current catalog,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=234.707,237.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there's more material on illiteracy than literacy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=237.77,241.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=241.273,242.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, this was my first clue,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=242.53,244.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we are dealing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=244.74,245.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a very real and serious problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=245.98,249.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wondered,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=249.0,250.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how can I give a talk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=250.21,252.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about what is wrong with education?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=252.38,254.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is supposed to be a positive presentation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=254.51,257.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One which looks hopefully,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=257.26,258.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at what we as educators","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=258.87,260.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Iowa Humanities Board have done,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=260.78,263.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and can do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=263.14,264.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Regretfully I concluded,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=264.81,266.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would have to look at what is wrong,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=266.64,268.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before I could postulate any solutions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=268.57,271.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I see the following is basic problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=271.92,274.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One, if people can't read,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=274.64,277.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can't teach them Shakespeare.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=277.31,279.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can't discuss literature,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=279.75,281.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until we discuss the language which creates it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=281.26,284.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For it is the use of language","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=284.17,285.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or it's abuse and misuse,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=285.99,287.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which define literacy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=287.98,290.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And second, a paradox of modern education","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=290.17,293.589"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that literate people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=293.589,295.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cannot agree about the nature and value of literacy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=295.52,299.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Literacy no longer 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Avalara,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1337.7,1339.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interpreted the first compilation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1339.05,1341.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a modern European 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understand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1362.97,1365.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lest you conclude","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1365.36,1366.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the problem exists only for secondary school teachers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1366.53,1369.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Iowa Humanities Board to solve,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1369.58,1372.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let me remind you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1372.31,1373.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the schools alone cannot counteract a trend","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1373.77,1377.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that pervades the entire culture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1377.04,1379.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is a job for the whole society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1379.33,1381.792"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(papers 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much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1398.119,1399.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We would welcome any questions you might have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1399.73,1402.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the secondary school seminars.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1402.09,1404.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If there are any questions, we have a few minutes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1404.71,1407.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and thought that sometimes discussion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1407.63,1410.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or speeches prompt questions that get forgotten soon after.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1410.4,1413.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are there any 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seminar","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1419.05,1422.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on Saturday.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1422.29,1423.324"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Would you make that announcement (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1423.324,1424.769"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Gretchen:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1424.769,1426.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the seminars being 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Saturday.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1429.16,1432.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And professors Paul Lauder and Joyce Joyce,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1432.04,1434.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the Reconstructing American Literature Project","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1434.87,1437.154"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Through the Feminist Press","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1437.154,1438.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be on campus all day on Saturday,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1438.49,1441.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"giving a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1441.13,1442.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seminar,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1442.23,1443.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be discussion groups,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1443.09,1444.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for secondary school teachers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1444.56,1446.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community college teachers, and university teachers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1446.38,1449.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's open to the public, and there is no charge,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1449.25,1451.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it is funded by the Iowa Humanities Board right here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1451.24,1454.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you're all welcome to come.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1454.36,1455.936"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience 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be,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1465.89,1468.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with her permission,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1468.97,1470.805"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience 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MUSE's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1471.815,1473.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1473.93,1474.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I know you all receive,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1475.67,1477.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it doesn't cost you anything,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1477.56,1479.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you will be receiving it probably in about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1479.66,1482.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the next issue or so, comes out three times a year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1482.81,1486.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If by the way, you are not on our mailing list for MUSE's,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1486.25,1489.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"see Surrey Williamson before you go home today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1490.49,1492.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and give her your address,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1492.95,1494.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we'll make sure you're on our mailing list.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1494.87,1497.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Please, I see a little food left over there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1499.19,1502.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we are actually ahead of schedule,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1502.0,1504.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're due back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1504.73,1505.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that room again","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1506.64,1507.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1507.91,1509.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quarter after one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1509.18,1511.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So please [mumbles]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=1511.29,1512.703"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22925/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/925/original/AV203401_Literature_and_Literacy_a.vtt?1613512338","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/925/original/AV203401_Literature_and_Literacy_a.vtt?1613512338"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22926","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203401_Literature_and_Literacy_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832/transcript/22926/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- [Tom] If I may have your attention, is this... Can you hear me? One, two,\r\n\r\n- [introducer] This is your PA, this is just a tape recorder\r\n\r\n- Oh, I see, I'm using the wrong, microphone. One, two. Okay.\r\n\r\n- [lady] Not yet. Not yet? One of the purposes of an introducer is to adjust microphones, and that's what's happening right now. Please continue eat eating. Every year at the program review meeting, we ask a member of the Iowa Humanities Board to present a paper with no other guidance than the state of the humanities. It's a personal point of view, and it is my pleasure today to introduce Dr. Gretchen M. Bataille, who will be speaking on the topic of literature and literacy. Gretchen is... First association with the Iowa Humanities Board began in 1979 as a member of a group that we had called the advisory console. In 1981, she was elected to her first term on the board. And since then she has served in a variety of capacities. Last year, she served as our vice-president, and is currently chairman of our membership committee. She is associate professor of English at Iowa State University, and has been a member of the faculty there since 1967, and is coordinator of undergraduate studies the department of English. Gretchen\r\n\r\n- [Gretchen] Thank you, Tom. I want to take this opportunity also to thank Miley Sagan, the assistant director of the Iowa Humanities Board, and sister RitaMary Bradley, the chair of the program committee, for giving me this dubious honor of speaking to you today.\r\n\r\n- [RitaMary] You're welcome.\r\n\r\n- [Gretchen] I also want to thank Ed Almond, who could not be with us today, but who has served as president of the Iowa Humanities Board for the past two years. Welcome to all of you, welcome particularly to those of you who drove a distance to be here, and welcome also to my colleagues, here at Iowa State University. It's intimidating to speak in one's own hometown. If I'm a hundred miles away, I'm an expert on any subject, but in Ames, I'm simply one of those other folks over at the college. When I was asked to make a presentation on the subject of literacy and literature, Tom asked to make a presentation on literacy and literature specifically, my first response was, \"Of course, this'll be easy.\" I've been trying to do both, to teach both, for 15 years. On second thought, I decided I'd better be academic. That meant going to the library, to find out what the experts have said. I was shocked, to discover I'm looking through the current catalog, that there's more material on illiteracy than literacy. Well, this was my first clue, that we are dealing, with a very real and serious problem. I wondered, how can I give a talk about what is wrong with education? This is supposed to be a positive presentation. One which looks hopefully, at what we as educators and the Iowa Humanities Board have done, and can do. Regretfully I concluded, I would have to look at what is wrong, before I could postulate any solutions. I see the following is basic problems. One, if people can't read, we can't teach them Shakespeare. We can't discuss literature, until we discuss the language which creates it. For it is the use of language or it's abuse and misuse, which define literacy. And second, a paradox of modern education is that literate people cannot agree about the nature and value of literacy. Literacy no longer has the 12th century definition of being learned in Latin, a status then usually reserved for the clergy. For the purposes of this presentation then, literacy is defined as the ability to read, write and understand the languages of politics and education. That is the skill to manipulate those words which interpret the world. This definition too has an inherent problem, for there are many languages in our environment. Every academic discipline has its own language. We have computer language, education needs, occupational and professional jargon, and the slang dialects, and regionalisms of various age, ethnic and geographic populations. At its best however, language is to enlighten, not to deceive, to teach not to obfuscate, to inform and not to hinder communication. In 1957, Sputnik caused a renewed commitment to public education in America. Today, a quarter of a century later, we are in the midst of another educational revolution. We are in different times however. Today we can not be politically isolated, content in the instruction in science and mathematics, will narrow the achievement gap between us and them. With a more crowded world, and a more unstable one, the interdependency of nations, becomes a matter of concern to all of us. New crises and new situations, demand a different understanding of the world. But understanding is not taught in formula and equations. It is communicated in languages, in books, in speeches, in a myriad of printed materials. Education should be an enriching experience. One which teaches humanity, not just computer jargon. An experience which emphasizes the value of human life, as it is expressed in literature, rather than the cheapness of lives, reduced to statistics and demographic tables. The humanities must the Academy, in furthering language and literacy. What role have we played on a national level? In the 1980 Rockefeller Foundation Report, \"The Humanities and American Life,\" the panel concluded that, And I quote, \"One of the major problems of the humanities, \"lies in the general deterioration of secondary education\" End quote. The panel found that as many as 20% of high school seniors were illiterate. Grade inflation, reduced homework, and simplify textbooks, all have contributed to the general decline in achievement. This was not good news, but the report went on to emphasize that the humanities must go beyond concern with functional literacy to demand skills of critical judgment, and education policy makers at all levels, should define critical thinking, as a basic skill. The highest priority of that report, was to improve the quality of education in our elementary and secondary schools. So how have we been fairing with this priority? Three years later, in the preface to the summer 1983 issue of humanities and education of Daedalus, Stephen Gabbard writes, and I quote, \"Of the judgment that is now almost universally accepted \"that America schools are not doing as well as they might \"and that their deficiencies are almost certainly \"storing up problems for the society, in the future.\" In a study being undertaken by Daedalus, preliminary findings suggest, that education in the humanities, for hundreds of thousands of American children in public and private schools today, is accomplishing substantially less than what even the most tolerant critics are willing to accept. Gabbard speaking not of knowledge of the classics, or the ability to master great works, but of fundamental skills. Writing and speaking correctly, reading, and having critical perceptions of the world. In that same issue, Richard Mario's presents a picture of schools in a typical United States community. What he observed was little learning and even less concern, by students, teachers, administrators, and parents. The Libertyville of Maurice's article, is representative of contemporary schools. In recognition of our failure to act on the recommendations of the Rockefeller report, at least 20 new reports have been issued discussing education in America. A nation at risk, the imperative for educational reform, gained early publicity and delineated a number of issues, which we cannot ignore as teachers, as students, as parents or as an informed public. However, the back to basics movement, has deceived us into thinking that writing and reading skills, can be taught separate from humanities content. They teach the students how to think and reason. Learning is often reduced to what can be measured on standardized tests, ignoring the subjective lessons of the humanities. A nation at risk has a nationalistic tone, which defines our internal enemy as mediocrity, and proposes a strengthening of the technological and scientific components of education, where the humanities are perceived as supportive of the disciplines that really matter, in the battle for superior education. A nation at risk, and the political agenda resulting from the report, clearly put the humanities in a secondary position. The Iowa Humanities Board has a difficult task, overruling national sentiments. But we believe that the humanities, specifically language and literature reading and writing, are central to education at every level. How do we, as humanity scholars, penetrate the consciousness of the technocrats? The ability to write is a skill that the technological age tries to destroy, but needs, for its very survival. In the novel \"1984,\" the pen was viewed as an archaic instrument. Now that we are in the computer age, we must consider the implications of George Orwell's world. In Oceania, the three slogans of the party \"Where war is peace, \"freedom is slavery, \"Ignorance is strength.\" Orwell introduced the concepts of newspeak and double-think. Newspeak was intended to diminish the range of thought, by limiting the number of words available. And double-think, encourage the use of logic against logic. Double-think enabled holding two contradictory beliefs in one's mind simultaneously, and accepting both of them. It was a form of reality control. It was a world in which words like honor, justice, morality, internationalism, democracy, science and religion, had ceased to exist. Contemporary linguists have coined the term doublespeak, to refer to language which pretends to communicate, but doesn't. So we humorously refer to genuine imitation leather and virgin vinyl, and succumb to newspaper ads promising genuine imitation emeralds. We listen as executives refer to input output and throughput all within the parameters of the task force or timeframe. Death becomes negative patient care outcome, and malpractice is a therapeutic misadventure. More devastating however, is the misuse of language, which seduces us to accept a peacekeeper missile as a means to arms reduction, or air support, which means bombing, as an acceptable military tactic, which according to the government reports, unfortunately sometimes results in civilian casualties as a regrettable byproduct. In the world of 1984, Orwell showed how the party controls reality by controlling language. If we believe that thought is dependent on language, then we must see the obvious results of language control, misuse and abuse. Orwell wrote, \"Who controls the past, controls the future. \"Who controls the present, controls the past.\" That control is embedded in the use of language. The belief that language controls reality, is an old and cherish concept in many cultures. The Inuit people say, for example \"that it is the women who stay home by the fire \"who are really strong, \"for they are the ones who through their words, \"call the game to the shore. \"The power of their songs \"is greater than the hunting skills of the men.\" And yet another literary example, control of reality through language is expressed in \"Through the Looking Glass,\" when Humpty Dumpty tells Alice, \"When I use a word, \"it means just what I choose it to mean. \"Neither more nor less.\" The question is said Alice, \"Whether you can make words \"to mean so many different things.\" The question is that Humpty Dumpty \"Which is to be master, \"that's all.\" In each case, the power of the individual is denied in favor of the power of those in control of language. How shocked Ben Johnson would be, were he to return and listen to the language we speak and read the words we write, and call the English language. For it was Johnson, who wrote in 1640, \"Language most shows a man. \"No mirror renders a man's form \"or likeness So true as his speech.\" Johnson, would not have understood a memo I received recently, which asks me to, and I quote, \"Preference the most convenient times for a visit \"on the enclosed form\" Takes a while to sink in. Now that I've discussed the problem, my primary concern is to talk about what the Iowa Humanities Board, is doing about the corruption of language, which leads to corruption of thought. Even before the recent thrust at the national level, for supportive humanities education, the elementary and secondary schools, the Iowa Humanities Board, funded experimental projects for students. During 1979, 1980, and 1981. We funded three summer French camps, for high school students, to improve fluency in the French language, and increase student understanding of French history and culture. Our first library project took place in Iowa City in 1978 and resulted in a bibliography of multicultural materials for students. The Iowa history day projects at Iowa State University, were funded by the Iowa Humanities Board, during 1980 and 1981. And we have supported drama programs for high school students, by funding the preparation of study materials for the Omaha Magic Theater performances, and the Iowa Shakespeare Festival. In its most recent proposal, to the national endowment for the humanities, the Iowa board proposed that we would use federal funds, this year and next, to support seminars for high school teachers in English language and literature and in foreign languages. The philosophy and rationale behind this proposal, are that we all exist in a world of words. Whether the words are coming over the television on Hill Street Blues, through the radio as a presidential address, on the printed pages of a local newspaper, from a teacher, a neighbor or a political candidate, we are all asked, to listen, to evaluate and to make judgments on the basis of what we hear and read. Some decisions are only minor in short term. What soap detergent to buy, Which toothpaste will give us the widest and freshest smile. Other decisions are far more serious. Does the 11th grade student really understand the assignment? Will you vote for the school enrichment levy which will increase your taxes? Should you vote for the candidate who has the best sounding plan for achieving peace, prosperity, whatever it is you're looking for in a candidate? How can any of these decisions be made, if the students we are teaching can not listen, cannot hear can not understand? Indeed cannot speak and think in the language of politics and education in this country. Public language particularly is important. If we do not understand what politicians are saying, we cannot make an informed choice. A recent example, suggests the gravity of the problem we hope to address. Admiral Wesley McDonald, Speaking for the Pentagon, on October 28, 1983 said, and I quote, \"We were not micromanaging Grenada intelligence wise \"until about that timeframe\" End quote. What he meant in the old language which most of us understand is, up to then we hadn't paid much attention to spying in Grenada. Humorous, You didn't think it was that humorous I think it's humorous in some ways. Humor in this example is, it is also real. Have we as teachers, students and national spokespersons, forgotten the power that words have? Kiowa author N. Scott Momaday, in the novel \"House Made of Dawn\" writes, \"that we take\" And I'm quoting from Momaday, \"We take such things as words and literatures for granted. \"For nothing in this world is so common place. \"On every side, there are words by the millions. \"An unending succession of pamphlets and papers, \"letters, and books, bills and bulletins, \"commentaries, and conversations. \"We have diluted and multiplied the word, \"and words have begun to close in upon us. \"We are sated and insensitive. \"Our regard for language, for the word itself, \"as an instrument of creation, \"has diminished nearly to the point of no return. \"It may be, that we will perish by the word.\" End quote. We re-establish respect for language and for words, by encouraging students to use the language, to read and to write and to see the integration of reading, writing and thinking. The Iowa Humanities Board requests for proposals, specifically asks for programs on the importance of literacy, and literate habits of mind, for citizens in a representative democracy. We stated that we were particularly interested in proposals for seminars and American literature, literary criticism, or creative writing. We have to date funded 12 proposals, aimed at secondary school teachers who will be spending evenings, Saturdays, or part of the summer, studying such diverse subjects as narrative literature, critical approaches such as speech act theory, or reader response criticism, applied to Anthony Trollope, Henry James, or Toni Morrison. Some projects seek to explore archetypal patterns in American literature, through the study of Walt Whitman, Kate Chopin, Arthur Miller, Ralph Ellison and Archibald MacLeish. Teachers will study such diverse works as \"Macbeth,\" \"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,\" \"The Great Gatsby,\" \"Invisible Man,\" Moore's \"Utopia,\" and Orwell's \"1984.\" In every case, the focus is on subject matter not methodology. By reaching out to teachers, the Iowa Humanities Board can reverse the trend, which threatens to reduce communications to computer beeps and MTV. Faced with the bored and the illiterate in their classrooms, many teachers have become frustrated in their efforts to teach any but the most rudimentary skills. The summer workshops will reawaken in them, the excitement generated by books, and writing, and will we expect give them new ideas, to take to the classroom. Each seminar combines reading and writing, emphasizing the interrelationships which exist between the two. The humanities are at the core. Literature, history, philosophy and foreign languages. Ames high school teacher Keith Carlson, is one of those teachers, whose attitudes we must seek to duplicate. Of literacy and language she says, \"Literacy, the mastery of language \"and the knowledge of books is not an ornament, \"but in necessity. \"Without it, we are a drift in the present \"in the wreckage of yesterday, \"in the nightmare of tomorrow.\" In a recent article, Education and Democracy, Richard Lloyd Jones has written, \"To be self-governing, \"people must have good judgment, \"and be aware of their own beginnings, \"their own values. \"These values, \"are generally expressed in the native language. \"And if you can't write in it, \"and read its literature, \"you are in fact limited as a citizen.\" End quote. To argue that literary language is only the language of the ruling class, is to forget, that in a democracy, everyone makes up the ruling class, and thus everyone ought to speak, read and understand the language, by which we are controlled or control. Almost 500 years ago, the Bishop of Avalara, interpreted the first compilation, of a modern European language, a Castilian Grammar to queen Isabella. He remarked, \"Language is the perfect instrument of empire.\" Only when we understand the power of language, in all its subtleties, can we truly say we are literate. And only then, can we hope to teach literature and language to students who will understand. Lest you conclude that the problem exists only for secondary school teachers, and the Iowa Humanities Board to solve, let me remind you, that the schools alone cannot counteract a trend that pervades the entire culture. It is a job for the whole society. Thank you very much. We would welcome any questions you might have about the secondary school seminars. If there are any questions, we have a few minutes, and thought that sometimes discussion, or speeches prompt questions that get forgotten soon after. Are there any questions? Okay?\r\n\r\n- [Man] I got an announcement to make about the seminar on Saturday. Would you make that announcement\r\n\r\n- [Gretchen] Oh, thank you. One of the seminars being sponsored by the Iowa Humanities Board will be here at Iowa state this week on Saturday. And professors Paul Lauder and Joyce Joyce, from the Reconstructing American Literature Project Through the Feminist Press will be on campus all day on Saturday, giving a seminar, be discussion groups, for secondary school teachers, community college teachers, and university teachers. And it's open to the public, and there is no charge, and it is funded by the Iowa Humanities Board right here. So you're all welcome to come.\r\n\r\n- [Tom] Thank you very much Gretchen. Gretchen's address will be, with her permission, will be printed in in MUSE's and which I know you all receive, because it doesn't cost you anything, and you will be receiving it probably in about the next issue or so, comes out three times a year. If by the way, you are not on our mailing list for MUSE's, see Surrey Williamson before you go home today, and give her your address, and we'll make sure you're on our mailing list. Please, I see a little food left over there, we are actually ahead of schedule, we're due back in that room again at quarter after one. So please [mumbles]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36672/file/105832#t=0.0,1517.64"}]}]}]}