{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/057cr5nv0w/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Jiggins, Janice, Women's Knowledge and International Development"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV204010 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Women's Knowledge and International Development is a March 19, 1991 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Janice Jiggins. Janice Jiggins discusses the need to include gender considerations in agriculture development projects.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. (accessibility)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Local Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["Lectures_AV204010"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["Per request by the creator, access to this item is restricted to scholarly use only. (access)","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["Women's Knowledge and International Development. Iowa State University Lecture Series (RS 8/6/53). Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Ark"]},"value":{"en":["https://n2t.net/ark:/87292/w9c24qs8s"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1991-03-19"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["lectures","Sound"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Jiggins, Janice (speaker)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio cassette"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Women in agriculture","Agricultural development projects--Women","Truck farming","Agricultural assistance--Anthropological aspects"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Committee on Lectures records (RS 8/6/53) (physical collection)","Iowa State Lectures Series (digital collection)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Women's Knowledge and International Development is a March 19, 1991 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Janice Jiggins. Janice Jiggins discusses the need to include gender considerations in agriculture development projects.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines."]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["Per request by the creator, access to this item is restricted to scholarly use only.","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/116/133/small/lecture.png?1622637776","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 2 - AV204010_Womens_Knowledge_and_International_Development_a.mp3"]},"duration":2894.16,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/116/133/small/lecture.png?1622637776","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/116/133/original/AV204010_Womens_Knowledge_and_International_Development_a.mp3?1622637776","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":2894.16,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204010_Womens_Knowledge_and_International_Development_a.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e It's a very great pleasure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=7.21,8.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be with you all here at CITAB,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=8.69,11.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first time that I've managed to fulfill any kind of duty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=11.24,15.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as an external member (chuckles),","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=15.143,17.045"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm very happy to be here with you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=17.045,19.755"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm going to be talking about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=19.755,21.206"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"women's knowledge in agriculture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=21.206,24.712"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'll begin with demonstrating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=24.712,27.316"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"progress of farm governance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=27.316,29.649"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"its based to a certain degree","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=30.67,32.628"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on events in Kenya,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=32.628,34.211"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I think its much more quite directional","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=35.42,38.525"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to what's happening in informal sector","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=38.525,40.512"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in many other parts of the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=40.512,42.331"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Class is still on around here till 4:00,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=42.331,45.671"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so you might want to have (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=45.671,49.262"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for 15 people (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=49.262,54.262"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(chattering loudly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=56.527,59.527"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I might pause it for a few more minutes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=64.26,66.727"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I will begin by telling a story","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=66.727,69.255"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"based on farm development,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=69.255,71.422"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then interpreting why I feel the need","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=74.723,78.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to include, generalize it as an international development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=78.2,81.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and women's knowledge is not a feminist luxury","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=81.64,84.517"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but absolutely at the core of the challenge that lies ahead","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=84.517,88.918"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it increasingly has in the future.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=88.918,91.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And finally talk about process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=91.69,94.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of technology development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=94.03,96.144"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at community level","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=96.144,97.319"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I feel has a very good promise","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=97.319,100.027"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as an alternative to science-based approaches.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=101.48,104.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one that will hopefully empower communities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=106.24,108.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and households to continue to be experimental and innovative","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=108.86,113.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in increasing risk of rural livelihood","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=115.032,118.199"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I'm sure will be upon us very soon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=119.117,122.427"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Please tell me if this shows up on the video.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=126.488,129.517"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I hope so, it gets quite complex.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=129.517,132.267"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, this is, you can imagine to yourselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=133.66,137.829"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a dry land farming area,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=137.829,139.829"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"forest is being cleared,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=142.037,144.469"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's more relevant forest are cleared left hand side.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=144.469,147.119"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's a wet season stream running down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=148.95,151.319"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the left hand side of the farm plot,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=151.319,153.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is very subject to gully erosion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=153.43,156.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the hillside part of the land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=157.67,160.704"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it has been cleared","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=160.704,162.462"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and maize planted along the contour.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=162.462,164.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Farm household is very key to develop the small farmers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=166.32,170.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they follow through researching station advice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=170.07,173.542"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can see they plant their maize in rows,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=173.542,175.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they've remove all the weed cover from the fields,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=175.87,178.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they've constructed very nice little contour fields,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=179.506,182.627"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which lead to rich yields.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=184.39,187.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So although there are even,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=187.023,189.981"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they are very impressed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=189.981,191.387"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by what the research extension told them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=191.387,193.704"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they are not about to totally accept","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=193.704,195.957"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything they are told.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=195.957,197.477"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For those of you who are familiar with Kenya,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=197.477,200.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is the way that extension and research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=200.82,204.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"told them they should begin making","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=204.183,206.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the gravity slope contour beds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=206.51,209.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by excavating a ditch","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=209.97,211.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the uphill side of the slope","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=211.46,213.444"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and turning the cover.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=213.444,215.369"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course there's reasons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=215.369,216.518"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to do with the soil structure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=216.518,218.351"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with this particular field.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=218.351,220.267"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the farm implement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=220.267,221.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the intensity of the rainfall in that area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=221.22,225.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They, in fact, innovated contour regime practice,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=226.53,231.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is called (speaks in foreign language) in Kiswahili,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=232.51,235.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where we first make the ditch on the down side slope","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=235.33,238.916"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the field and where it works extremely well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=238.916,242.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbling loudly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=244.696,247.529"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The folks have started quite well with this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=268.136,271.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can see the head of the household,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=271.07,273.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has managed to buy himself a small Japanese cultivator,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=273.3,276.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to deal with the problem that is very common","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=277.224,279.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on acidic high end soils in many parts of Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=279.82,283.067"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that is striga infestation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=283.067,284.515"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is the parasitic leech","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=284.515,287.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that grows on the roots of particularly sorghum and maize,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=287.003,291.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he's equipped himself with this cultivator","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=291.973,294.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to deal with (indistinct) cultivation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=294.49,298.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And his son here is got out from school","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=298.16,300.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and his father has opened out his own","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=300.61,303.905"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"personal tobacco field,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=303.905,305.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the son is helping him spray the tobacco","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=305.863,309.138"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with chemicals to get the best possible return.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=309.138,313.055"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is more or less the farm","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=315.141,316.907"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the science and agriculture research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=316.907,320.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and extension department","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=320.083,322.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conceives it, defines it and describes it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=322.05,325.688"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the kind of process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=325.688,326.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which they perceive as modernization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=326.87,329.777"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We all know or should know by now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=341.312,343.467"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that a farm is more than","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=343.467,345.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just what happens on the main commercial plot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=345.31,348.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We take a look around","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=350.617,352.007"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the totality of this environment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=352.007,354.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we see many other things going on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=354.14,355.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Right here along the field edge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=357.48,360.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they're cultivating maize,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=360.35,361.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we see some chilly pods growing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=361.183,363.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are crops planted,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=363.76,365.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"responsibility of the wife","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=365.74,366.907"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and she sells the chilies in the market,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=366.907,368.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to earn extra income for the household,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=368.71,371.506"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so the chilies pay for things,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=371.506,373.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are her responsibility to pay for,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=373.01,375.397"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the total farm system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=375.397,377.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Unfortunately of course, it does tend to be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=377.92,380.109"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somewhat contaminated by the chemical sprays,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=380.109,382.529"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that goes on in the simple modernized farm (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=382.529,386.696"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She's also taken from the forest,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=388.606,391.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are some forest fruit trees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=391.523,393.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which provide dry season fruits,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=393.48,396.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also have some medicinal properties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=396.77,398.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which she uses as a home remedy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=398.58,399.858"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to look after the children,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=399.858,403.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they get sick.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=403.09,404.814"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There some banana trees growing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=404.814,407.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's very strange (mumbles while laughing).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=407.603,410.174"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All the mix of crops in this farm, you can see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=410.174,412.727"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then growing on is an anthill,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=413.58,415.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which she has broken down,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=415.54,416.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's a kind of soil,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=416.74,417.819"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which tends to be very boron deficient,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=417.819,421.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and yet the mineral concentration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=422.065,422.898"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the soil of the anthill,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=422.898,425.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is very helpful in making sure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=427.71,429.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that bananas have sufficient nutrition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=429.79,432.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to grow and be fruitful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=432.39,434.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She also has here some very short maturing maize plants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=436.131,440.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because she knows the family is going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=440.2,442.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have to eat some sweet maize,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=442.69,444.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before the main field crop is ready.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=444.65,446.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She has a number of green vegetable leaf species,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=449.433,452.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which the extension and research department","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=452.773,455.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"regard as weeds but as we can see here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=455.62,458.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"species such as,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=458.62,459.545"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bitter amaranths,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=459.545,460.378"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chenopodium and brasssicas,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=460.378,462.628"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are in a sense cultivated in the farm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=465.214,467.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She grows directly for home consumption,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=467.5,469.777"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also when she has a surplus","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=469.777,471.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she sells in the local market.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=471.42,472.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But as she sits, she talks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=472.78,474.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the market women bearing suffering,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=474.18,476.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"consciously selecting species,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=476.7,478.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are taste preferable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=478.16,480.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the clients in that market.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=480.83,484.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She also has","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=484.25,485.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some rows of cowpeas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=486.256,488.267"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and pigeon pea,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=491.255,492.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what she is looking for in those varieties,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=492.17,495.271"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ae not occurred the kind to be disseminated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=495.271,496.854"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by research and extension,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=496.854,498.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are uniform maturation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=498.34,500.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which puts their energy into producing beans and grains,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=500.71,505.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the commercial market.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=506.967,508.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She's looking for a multipurpose, long (indistinct),","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=508.69,511.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where she can use for leaves,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=513.083,513.916"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which form something like 40% of the total biomass used,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=513.916,517.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from that variety,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=517.35,518.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is in the form rather than great form,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=518.69,522.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and she wants it to be ready for harvest,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=522.2,524.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over an extended period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=524.74,526.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So she continue to manage that of the family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=526.2,530.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She also has here the beginnings of some pigeon pea,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=532.43,537.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct) unfortunately it is concentrating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=541.15,543.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"almost all this pigeon pea development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=543.69,546.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on short small varieties,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=546.03,547.709"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and yet through out dry land agriculture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=547.709,550.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we find that the household preferences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=550.856,552.661"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for legume and pigeon pea,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=552.661,554.331"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hardly because pigeon pea is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=554.331,556.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a very good multi purpose crop of the household level,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=556.34,559.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Providing (indistinct) in the household domain,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=559.92,562.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also because with increase in (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=564.721,569.721"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"resources (indistinct),","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=570.955,573.181"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is becoming certainly importantly burn as fuel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=573.181,576.471"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course anywhere across Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=576.471,578.896"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where lead efficient people are something like 20%,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=578.896,582.041"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the fuel available to households (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=582.041,587.041"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'll be talking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=589.601,590.734"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about increasing energy pressures later on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=590.734,594.769"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Though she's trying to cook with it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=594.769,596.821"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the only way that makes sense to her.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=596.821,599.656"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And she's also growing few sticks of cassava,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=599.656,603.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are in this case, sweet cassava variety","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=603.4,606.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because she desperately needs a snack food.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=606.13,608.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"During the main later seasons,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=609.92,612.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when her energy is totally expended","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=612.51,614.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in dealing with the main crops,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=614.58,617.844"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she doesn't have time to cook,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=617.844,619.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"her cooking maybe reduced to once a day,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=619.92,621.507"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or even once every two days,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=621.507,624.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and she needs snack food for the kids.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=624.38,626.567"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She has two grown up children,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=627.504,630.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a boy and a girl,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=630.22,631.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and two small toddlers, more little ones,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=631.26,634.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and she's happy to have more children,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=635.788,639.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because she views them as a labor resource,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=639.12,642.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is necessary for her","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=642.13,643.817"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to manage domestic tasks and the cultivation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=646.715,648.965"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which she needs to perform.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=650.707,655.707"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, as time goes on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=674.76,675.976"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and as we all know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=675.976,677.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fertilizer prices increase,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=677.19,679.587"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and as more maize is produced to the markets,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=679.587,682.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maize prices at the market decrease,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=682.2,685.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the household is caught in a cost price squeeze","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=687.251,690.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it has to try to intensify its production.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=690.29,694.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They've done so by adding a few chickens (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=694.21,698.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the dairy cows,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=700.56,702.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Unfortunately the dairy cows increases,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=702.15,705.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the input, output that goes through the farm ecosystem,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=705.64,710.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most of the labor force are volunteers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=710.01,712.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"responsible for fetching the water.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=712.52,714.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She's increasingly concerned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=715.3,717.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about (indistinct) exploitation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=717.21,718.947"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the husband has tried","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=727.83,729.652"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to increase his income source,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=729.652,730.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by planting timber trees along the farm boundary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=730.5,735.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to solve the cost of the construction market.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=735.744,738.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now they had a little bit of difficulty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=739.46,741.557"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they first had this idea,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=741.557,743.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because in this particular culture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=743.64,745.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's women who are responsible for fetching water,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=745.093,747.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and with her labor so fully occupied already,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=748.81,751.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she wasn't particularly thrilled","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=751.02,753.016"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the idea of fetching water","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=753.016,753.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for his timber trees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=753.93,755.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the first seedlings he acquired died,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=756.238,759.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because he just assumed his wife will transfer labor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=759.233,763.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to go and fetch water to look after his cash crop.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=763.43,767.597"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now often the pressure becomes so intense,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=780.659,784.076"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the man leaves the farm in search of wage employment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=789.813,794.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leaving the woman as head of the household","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=796.808,798.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for all cash crop purposes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=798.5,800.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She is very uncertain how often,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=800.79,803.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if at all, her husband will be able to come back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=803.55,807.207"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to help on the farm,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=807.207,809.979"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and she's clearly now the operator of the farm,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=809.979,814.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but still she seems ready for extension contact.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=814.59,818.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The son has been sent away to boarding school,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=820.839,823.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they reckon that investment in education,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=823.13,825.748"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is probably in the long run, could be more effective","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=825.748,828.316"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than investing in the farming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=828.316,831.247"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nonetheless she needs to continue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=831.247,833.405"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to try to intensify production,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=833.405,835.988"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and she does so like this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=838.918,841.085"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She opens up a small on farm fish pond,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=842.044,845.362"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a few ducks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=845.362,846.695"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She takes some more seedlings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=849.78,851.911"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this forest fruit, (indistinct) from the forest,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=851.911,856.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and she's visited an agri project","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=856.41,858.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where she sees,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=858.79,859.707"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it's possible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=859.707,860.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to build silt tracts in a gully","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=860.98,864.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but subject to seasonal erosion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=864.25,867.055"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and into the silt she's planted some new seedlings,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=867.055,870.847"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and she hopes they won't get washed out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=870.847,873.506"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the silt accumulates.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=873.506,875.387"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She's also been in touch","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=875.387,877.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the forestry agro forestry project,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=877.26,879.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that supplied her husband","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=879.81,881.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the seedlings for the (indistinct),","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=881.43,884.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the back of the farm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=884.1,885.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And because she could never afford to purchase fertilizer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=887.511,891.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she's looking for leguminous tree,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=891.03,893.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that will increase the nitrogen in her food crop fields.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=893.23,896.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And got the extension advise","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=898.795,901.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to plant this along the contour (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=901.453,906.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But this didn't strike her as sensible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=909.389,911.829"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it wouldn't actually increase her general input.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=911.829,915.651"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What she wanted was trees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=915.651,917.092"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that she would (indistinct), the regrowth of,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=917.092,921.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as she was working, carried away in the maize fields.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=921.9,926.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one other thing she and her friends discovered,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=927.03,930.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was if you plant nitrogen fixing trees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=930.243,932.712"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"along crops (indistinct) them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=932.712,936.137"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the very heavy additional dose of nitrogen in the soil,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=936.137,939.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"proves a very effective striga control.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=940.37,941.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now after three, four years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=942.79,944.685"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under the research and extension,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=944.685,946.965"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she and her friends have planted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=946.965,949.066"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a sufficient density of leguminous trees,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=949.066,951.191"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within the food crop fields","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=951.191,953.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to more or less get striga under control,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=953.4,956.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without fear cropping, weeding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=956.42,959.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without use of pesticides and other chemicals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=959.33,963.166"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not pesticides but weedicides.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=963.166,965.757"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also open up to small sorghum field","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=965.757,968.551"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to aid against risk if,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=968.551,970.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the season should prove to be too dry, for the maize.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=970.49,973.925"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in order to feed her dairy cow,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=973.925,975.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she has began planting (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=975.85,980.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grass that is indigenous to Kenya.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=984.421,986.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Along the contour lines, she's experimenting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=986.69,989.359"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with her women friends about exactly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=989.359,991.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what makes the species","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=991.7,993.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"provide the most usable biomass along the contour.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=993.82,997.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so we end up with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1000.538,1001.588"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a farm","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1004.332,1005.298"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that has evolved over the last 20, 30 years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1005.298,1008.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both in its social composition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1008.18,1010.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in its economic characteristics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1010.38,1012.527"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's intensified in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1013.813,1016.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"profitable output","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1016.03,1017.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of usable biomass with very complex labor resource force","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1017.93,1022.265"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"found within the farm,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1022.265,1023.888"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and between the farm and its surrounding environment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1023.888,1028.607"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Much of the knowledge that's enabled her to do this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1028.607,1031.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has come through--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1031.37,1032.598"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as we see in a moment, through female networks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1032.598,1034.686"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not through the formal public sector","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1034.686,1036.894"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"research and extension structures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1036.894,1039.727"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Public center research and extension,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1053.766,1056.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"channels its information,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1056.2,1058.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"provides access to the inputs necessary,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1058.47,1061.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to support the kind of farming that they're promoting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1061.25,1066.204"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through institutions that are by and large inaccessible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1066.204,1069.712"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or much less accessible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1069.712,1070.545"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to women farmers than the male farmers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1070.545,1073.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just to look at the most critical,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1074.5,1077.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most formal sector agricultural lending institutions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1077.98,1081.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are located in district and provincial capitals,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1081.01,1084.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are less physically accessible to women","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1084.32,1086.944"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they have less access","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1086.944,1088.317"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"either physically or financially to transport.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1088.317,1091.007"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Almost all the finance is available","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1092.117,1094.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only against the kind of collateral","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1096.18,1098.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that financial formal systems recognize as bankable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1098.56,1101.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Very often this is specifically, land title,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1102.97,1106.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we see in almost every country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1106.93,1108.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that has systems of use rights, (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1108.3,1112.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to systems of legally,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1112.31,1114.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"defined individual legal title,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1114.31,1117.015"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the title passes unilaterally to the man,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1117.015,1120.182"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and excludes women from traditional","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1120.182,1123.099"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right of use to land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1123.951,1125.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other natural resources.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1125.54,1127.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In very many cases,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1130.661,1132.244"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the physical access to inputs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1133.087,1135.504"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this case (mumbles),","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1136.343,1139.726"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is provided through a cooperative system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1139.726,1143.221"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it you'll be surprised at how many cases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1143.221,1144.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"property of membership, is restricted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1144.72,1146.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the land title owner.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1146.91,1149.887"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if women are excluded from legal rights in land,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1149.887,1154.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then automatically they're also excluded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1154.71,1156.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from property of membership,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1156.48,1158.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and is very difficult (indistinct),","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1159.66,1162.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"explaining to my (indistinct) colleagues,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1162.33,1164.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seems to be a very easy thing to understand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1165.25,1168.442"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the incentive pricing will not work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1168.442,1170.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the small holder sector,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1170.66,1172.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when the additional labor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1172.4,1173.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to crop modernization is provided by women","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1173.93,1176.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they don't have access to the incentive price,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1176.17,1179.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of the institutional structure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1180.35,1183.557"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I saw the major challenge,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1184.83,1186.124"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I would like to acknowledge,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1186.124,1187.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"information from public sector","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1187.29,1189.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"agencies, of course, this is through extension.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1190.703,1193.398"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're only two companies in the world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1193.398,1195.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which have significant knowledge of female extension staff","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1195.23,1198.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is in Philippines with something like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1198.84,1200.257"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"50% for field staff of women,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1200.257,1202.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Thailand, 25% of all staff are women,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1202.29,1206.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but many of them are concentrated in cities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1206.09,1208.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rather than the field offices.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1208.15,1210.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This doesn't mean that male extension agents","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1210.79,1213.552"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cannot work with women,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1213.552,1215.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"agencies are learning how this can be done,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1215.64,1218.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's an uphill struggle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1218.08,1220.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it doesn't happen very easily.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1220.2,1222.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We look at, by contrast,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1225.14,1227.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what are the circuits, the channels,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1227.09,1229.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the institutions through which women","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1229.78,1232.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exchange, acquire, transform,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1232.06,1234.347"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"discuss, become familiar with, knowledge and information.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1234.347,1237.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One is very often, older and more skilled people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1239.028,1243.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"women in the community,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1243.0,1244.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who in turn provide start up capital,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1244.45,1246.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"provide seeds, provide agricultural inputs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1246.98,1250.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to their daughters, to their nieces","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1250.95,1253.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they become of appropriate age.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1253.73,1256.627"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another source is through training circuits,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1258.477,1261.671"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you know in many parts of the world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1261.671,1263.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"women are very influential","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1263.22,1264.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the so called petty informal sector,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1264.68,1266.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which very often, commands a very substantial","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1269.158,1271.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"portion of the total food chain,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1271.73,1274.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but because it deals in crops","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1274.54,1275.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that don't enter the export market","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1275.93,1280.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at a very large extent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1280.543,1282.265"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under (indistinct) international trade statistics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1282.265,1286.967"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The trouble is that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1286.967,1289.208"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although women can prefer very strong,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1289.208,1292.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"horizontal channels of communications","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1292.42,1295.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through trade relationships,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1295.81,1297.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for example, market women","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1297.2,1298.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who will often be the supplier of input,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1298.09,1300.597"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the supplier of planting materials, seed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1300.597,1303.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to women of the field level who produce for her,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1304.316,1307.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just like the supermarket chain has","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1307.75,1309.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"its contract farm materials in the States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1309.37,1311.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have similar arrangements in the formal sector,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1311.69,1314.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so women are at the market level,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1314.63,1316.691"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they are competitive with each other,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1316.691,1318.665"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and often very reluctant to share market information","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1318.665,1322.998"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and access to economies of scale,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1327.266,1328.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the level of the market,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1328.43,1329.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which causes (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1329.75,1331.932"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other forms of market organizations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1331.932,1334.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as such, main channels","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1336.304,1337.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through which women acquire and share the information,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1337.883,1341.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and core knowledge is of course women to women,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1341.5,1344.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether organized in traditional groups,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1344.5,1346.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether organized in development, project-based groups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1346.643,1350.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you find very complex,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1353.14,1355.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for example, seed exchange, seed acquisition,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1355.25,1357.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relationships between women and neighboring villages,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1357.92,1360.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and neighboring markets,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1360.46,1362.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that has really led to good ties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1363.514,1365.114"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through female circuit,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1366.111,1367.662"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1367.662,1372.662"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're very few good communication","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1372.808,1375.725"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"empirically-based communication studies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1377.199,1379.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which have documented any of these,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1379.1,1381.318"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maize, (indistinct) journal,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1381.318,1383.569"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we find very hard","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1383.569,1385.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to get development agencies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1385.01,1387.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to take this women to women communication seriously.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1387.383,1391.716"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, that's why I think women are,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1395.221,1397.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how they got there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1397.9,1399.482"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and by the report,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1399.482,1400.982"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are some trends in agriculture worldwide,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1405.673,1409.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which quite frankly fills me with panic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1410.814,1415.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I cannot be a bit more constructive,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1417.041,1419.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when I shared with you my (chuckles),","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1419.123,1421.167"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then we saw an increasing number","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1422.3,1424.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of households first of all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1424.46,1425.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the family composition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1426.66,1428.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with normative ideal household relations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1429.07,1432.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is breaking out under pressure of poverty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1432.31,1435.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Female heads of households now count","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1435.69,1437.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to something like 30% of all households,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1437.553,1440.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in many broad areas as a matter of (indistinct),","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1441.453,1444.117"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or India or Bangladesh or Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1445.04,1447.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the number of households heading in practice,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1447.9,1451.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether or not this is being recognized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1451.37,1453.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by women (indistinct) 60 or 70%,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1453.35,1455.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as those areas with extreme low potential,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1456.544,1460.627"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's economical-- income potential,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1461.73,1464.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are becoming depopulated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1464.9,1466.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and women are left to cope alone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1468.493,1471.418"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This has indications of course","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1471.418,1473.056"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for any kind of development support,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1473.056,1475.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is predicated upon there being,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1475.3,1478.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a fully functioning household structure,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1478.13,1480.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with an intact community relationship.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1480.9,1484.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is becoming less and less the case (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1485.355,1487.808"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is essentially very destabilizing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1487.808,1491.141"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The second element of panic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1494.368,1496.701"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we find people are not working on the program,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1498.421,1500.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are extremely reluctant to talk about it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1500.79,1503.901"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first enduring with what, the president of NAS--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1503.901,1506.189"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the president of the National Academy of Sciences,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1506.189,1508.564"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here in America,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1508.564,1509.669"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the 1990 quote,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1509.669,1511.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the scientific certainties,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1511.06,1512.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is the base consensus among scientists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1512.47,1516.265"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what is going to happen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1516.265,1517.369"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of global warming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1517.369,1519.496"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thus is, the global warming occur,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1519.496,1522.329"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there'll be overall increase in precipitation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1523.43,1526.427"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the decrease in precipitation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1526.427,1528.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in temperate continental areas,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1528.15,1530.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the temperature increases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1532.02,1533.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be greater in higher latitudes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1533.67,1535.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and lower near the equator.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1535.78,1537.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course we have absolutely no idea","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1540.813,1542.949"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how these specific terms in the system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1542.949,1545.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"play out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1545.22,1546.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in the next few decades,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1548.776,1550.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we are likely to see the following consequences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1550.73,1554.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First of all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1554.76,1555.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very radical and fundamental disruption of agriculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1555.593,1559.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With all that implies concurrent aid to trade,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1561.2,1564.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the power relationships,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1564.773,1567.554"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an increase in disease as pests and infections, pathogens,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1567.554,1568.627"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"move into new habitats","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1571.66,1573.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where there is low resistance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1573.93,1576.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"An increase in coastal flooding,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1576.06,1578.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now this of course is heat (indistinct),","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1578.16,1580.467"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is something like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1582.23,1583.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"five to seven feet above sea level (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1583.063,1585.487"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And engineers (indistinct) recognize as a limit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1587.56,1592.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to how high to built the dikes and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1592.3,1594.957"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But they are facing a situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1596.312,1598.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where possibly in my own lifetime","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1598.193,1600.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and certainly in your children,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1600.113,1602.362"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"certain mentioned states will physically cease to exist,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1602.362,1605.794"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they will be under water.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1605.794,1606.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Higher rates of current high population rate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1608.733,1611.147"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and high (indistinct),","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1611.147,1614.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be very seriously affected.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1614.0,1615.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There will be considerable, widespread species extinction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1616.783,1620.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there will be very widespread change in the mix","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1622.231,1626.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and distribution of species,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1626.01,1627.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there'll be an increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1630.142,1630.975"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the frequency and intensity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1630.975,1632.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of extreme weather events.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1632.1,1633.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now all those consequences definitely compose,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1635.888,1638.188"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"simply are going to make","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1640.167,1641.367"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"agricultural development challenge,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1642.731,1644.667"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot more (indistinct), a lot more risky,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1644.667,1647.689"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in a sense completely beyond the control","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1647.689,1650.089"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of kind of reduction science route we've taken in the past.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1650.089,1653.039"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And now the third (indistinct),","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1661.424,1665.767"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"contributing to the hype,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1665.767,1668.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbles),","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1668.553,1670.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's a very considerable asymmetry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1676.253,1679.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the worldwide resource consumption and pollution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1679.14,1682.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you want to use a nice journalistic figure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1683.52,1687.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something like,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1687.45,1688.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"once the resources of the world are consumed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1691.187,1695.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by two thirds of the people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1695.12,1697.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Two thirds that are doing disproportionate consumption","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1698.7,1701.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of course (indistinct) come","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1701.03,1702.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from industrialized countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1703.281,1704.781"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it is the industrialized countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1705.823,1707.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are the present contributing something like,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1707.48,1709.917"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"4/5 of the total carbon pollution,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1709.917,1712.982"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which contributes to the global warming process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1712.982,1716.982"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The indication of that for me--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1720.229,1721.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"though people are not very willing to talk about is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1721.85,1724.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't see how we can deal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1724.913,1727.031"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with that assymetry simply by trying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1727.031,1729.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to modernize more farms in (indistinct) countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1729.02,1732.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unless we're also prepared to do something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1732.59,1734.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about adjusting that pattern","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1734.553,1735.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of consumption and production on our side.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1735.903,1739.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Certainly, there is a very great assymetry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1740.86,1743.011"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the land available for agriculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1743.011,1745.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We very easily forget,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1745.33,1746.897"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1751.058,1752.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"approximately 23% of the population in Asia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1756.152,1761.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which includes something like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1761.06,1762.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"half of the world's poor--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1762.53,1763.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of course, we can now kind of define the word poor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1764.505,1768.112"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what level of the poor becomes poor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1768.112,1770.244"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if we said 23% of the population of Asia--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1770.244,1774.195"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the world population is Asian,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1774.195,1776.385"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"includes half of the world's poor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1776.385,1778.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it subsists on less than 5%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1778.563,1780.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the total land arable world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1780.53,1783.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And anybody who feels (indistinct),","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1785.823,1787.097"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should just remember","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1790.286,1792.146"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we're able to spread our agriculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1792.146,1793.867"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and waste it, use it and abuse it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1793.867,1795.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"precisely because we have so much more.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1795.67,1797.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thirdly, there is a very great assymetry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1803.94,1806.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in population growth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1806.113,1807.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Something like 90% of population growth is occurring","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1810.53,1814.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within developing countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1814.28,1815.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And 15 countries of the world in the last 30 years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1816.79,1818.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have actually seen an increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1818.923,1820.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the rate of population growth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1820.23,1822.117"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you like to play simple numbers games","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1829.36,1832.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and go for population tabulations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1832.84,1835.977"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would seem to be (indistinct),","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1835.977,1839.894"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"South Asia is looking at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1842.353,1844.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"possible rate of increase in population,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1844.6,1847.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something like 8% in the next 35 years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1847.15,1850.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and East Asia is looking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1850.08,1852.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at rapid increase in total population of around 50%,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1852.52,1857.026"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's where the most","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1857.026,1858.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the world's population is located,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1858.653,1859.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in some sense of the change of food production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1862.257,1865.865"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1865.865,1868.365"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd just like to add as a final commentary on my panic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1872.166,1875.229"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that the population increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1875.229,1876.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has largely been made possible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1876.87,1879.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by (indistinct) in the last 118 years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1879.39,1881.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the exploitation cost of fuel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1881.71,1884.728"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is so far (indistinct) on the number","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1884.728,1887.089"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of renewable resource","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1887.089,1888.981"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there is no substitute immediately obvious","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1888.981,1892.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would provide energy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1892.61,1895.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the level at which people can afford it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1895.01,1898.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they need it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1898.18,1899.099"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they need it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1899.099,1900.204"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in most of the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1900.204,1902.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People eventually have to continue to rely on biomass energy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1902.49,1905.871"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to an increasing extent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1905.871,1907.545"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which have to take out on the natural resource environment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1907.545,1911.649"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's immediately accessible to them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1911.649,1913.695"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we're not the only force facing a major challenge,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1913.695,1916.272"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in food production (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1916.272,1918.896"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The major challenge in production of biomass energy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1918.896,1922.528"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the point at which it is consumed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1922.528,1925.611"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, I hope I'm not (indistinct) uneasy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1928.706,1932.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before I take my hand and suggest (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1932.433,1935.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beginning of a way out, might help,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1935.91,1938.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if not solve the problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1939.303,1940.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now if you go back to the kind of history","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1942.777,1946.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of small farm development I demonstrated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1946.3,1948.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when I started off,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1948.683,1950.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are actually three ways","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1952.021,1953.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can see that the development community","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1953.283,1955.285"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is women in the light of challenge that I described.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1955.285,1959.507"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One is they've been seen as (indistinct),","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1961.161,1963.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they are the ones, poor women, in developing countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1963.69,1967.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whose fertility is threatening the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1967.51,1971.094"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are having too many children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1971.094,1973.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are the ones who","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1973.103,1974.534"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they are the ones responsible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1974.534,1975.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for fetching firewood, go deforesting the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1975.55,1979.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cutting it out for firewood.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1979.513,1981.846"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are the ones who","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1985.206,1986.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are letting their children die","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1986.95,1987.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they are too stupid","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1987.89,1989.436"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to know how to feed them well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1989.436,1991.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is a whole body of development analysis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1991.62,1994.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and its reflected in project design,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1994.253,1996.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which basically identifies women","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1996.38,1998.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as environmental villains,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=1998.44,2000.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the backward part in our community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2001.057,2003.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is another whole section","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2005.65,2007.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that almost falls, based on the same observations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2007.01,2011.258"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but giving a completely different interpretations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2011.258,2013.581"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"says, \"No. Women are the victims.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2013.581,2015.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If they have too many children, too early and too late,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2015.77,2017.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they are the ones who die.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2019.246,2021.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If their children are sick or badly fed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2021.1,2023.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're the ones who suffer not only emotionally,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2023.65,2025.674"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but because they have (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2025.674,2029.342"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are the ones","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2029.342,2030.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who have to go further and further for water,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2030.463,2033.617"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as water dries up (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2033.617,2036.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are the ones","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2036.463,2037.296"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who have to walk in some cases 20 kilometers a day,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2037.296,2040.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"five kilometers a day (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2040.32,2044.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Based on (indistinct), development community,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2046.096,2051.034"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that says (indistinct),","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2051.034,2053.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"women have all this indigenous knowledge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2053.63,2056.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And go back to my first overheads,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2057.348,2059.056"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're the ones who instead of intensifying the output","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2059.056,2063.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of small production.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2063.16,2064.901"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are the ones being put against (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2064.901,2069.901"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have because of their relationship with the woodland,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2071.653,2075.632"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the forest margin, the field margin,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2075.632,2077.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with medicinal use of households clots,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2078.76,2081.784"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with their (indistinct) experience,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2081.784,2083.877"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who have indigenous tactical knowledge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2083.877,2086.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that should fix local environmental problems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2086.44,2088.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who just need to learn how to (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2088.67,2091.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and therefore solve the challenge of cost","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2091.77,2095.785"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of food production, and environment sanity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2095.785,2097.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course one thing that is missing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2098.607,2100.579"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this request review,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2100.579,2101.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the voice of women themselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2101.78,2103.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's that voice of people themselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2107.737,2111.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to determine their own agricultural futures,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2111.28,2113.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is missing from a very great deal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2113.58,2115.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of development assistance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2115.58,2117.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's certainly to be more specific missing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2119.31,2121.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from our conception models,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2121.67,2123.666"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our institutional arrangements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2123.666,2125.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the public sector,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2125.87,2127.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"agricultural research and extension system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2127.23,2131.067"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We'll also be talking more about those models later today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2131.067,2135.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I have come around the point of view","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2138.933,2140.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the (indistinct) of trying to get these institutions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2143.169,2146.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the personnel to (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2146.303,2149.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to take women farmers seriously,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2149.06,2151.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to take even small holder farmers seriously","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2151.31,2154.554"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as also a sources of innovation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2154.554,2156.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as also method capacity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2156.66,2158.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to contribute to shaping their own future.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2158.04,2160.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Say wealth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2161.32,2162.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The distance between the experience of reality","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2165.292,2169.468"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the smallholder sector,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2169.468,2170.818"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the point at which decisions are made about innovation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2171.84,2175.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is just too great in the (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2175.82,2179.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I and Collins have been working on something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2181.24,2184.132"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is called, participatory technology development.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2184.132,2188.632"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And on this rather positive and constructive note","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2190.508,2193.575"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is where I want to (indistinct) my talk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2193.575,2198.325"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First of all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2200.128,2200.961"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what is it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2200.961,2201.878"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, it has a long (indistinct) of steps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2204.121,2207.056"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2207.056,2209.306"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There still remains in some sense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2214.325,2217.075"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an externally initiated activity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2218.645,2221.395"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and those externally initiatives,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2225.548,2227.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have to of course, have a methodology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2227.08,2229.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for inter community,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2229.06,2232.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"developing relationships with households,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2232.88,2235.127"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"establishing if you like,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2237.506,2238.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a partnership, a contractual relationship,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2238.86,2241.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in some cases it's formalized, some cases it's not,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2241.25,2243.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which has (indistinct) getting started.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2243.83,2247.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The partnership then interchange","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2252.06,2253.897"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the process of inventorizing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2253.897,2256.154"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a person to communities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2256.154,2258.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have done in the recent past","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2258.52,2260.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to try to solve some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2261.37,2262.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the environmental and agricultural problems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2262.95,2267.499"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which they perceive as urgent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2267.499,2269.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and threatening to their survival.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2269.86,2271.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What has worked,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2272.691,2273.524"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what has not worked,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2273.524,2274.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who's tried it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2274.46,2275.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what was the result,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2275.74,2277.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and out of that developing list of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2277.48,2279.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what should we try next season,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2280.757,2283.747"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or if they want to try something that's multi season,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2283.747,2286.637"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also which period of time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2286.637,2289.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then we have to design and experiment the bills","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2292.217,2295.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on individuals and communities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2295.58,2298.502"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on these experimental conditions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2298.502,2300.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Very often you find those referred to (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2300.74,2304.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trial and error.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2304.64,2305.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Trial and error makes it sound very casual, (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2305.92,2307.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course there is an element of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2307.76,2311.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the more we look into it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2312.6,2313.956"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the more we find that not in every case,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2313.956,2317.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there is a living body of systematic experimentation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2317.7,2322.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is not unfamiliar with things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2322.32,2325.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that research station scientists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2325.3,2326.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tend to consider as their own particular methodology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2326.91,2330.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Things like the concept of control,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2330.16,2333.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the things like multi-sites, multi-season reputations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2333.48,2338.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things like proper description of the parameters","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2339.36,2343.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within which something is being tried out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2343.5,2346.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and such characteristics or plant (indistinct) or whatever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2346.16,2349.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Things like testing one variable at a time, systematically,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2351.954,2355.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all these things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2355.05,2356.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have found are somewhat familiar to farmer experiments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2356.66,2360.651"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the junior level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2360.651,2363.031"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the process of design is not a question of substituting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2363.031,2366.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the outside and scientific methodology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2366.7,2369.531"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and passing onto the local communities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2369.531,2371.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Question of talking through what we going to try?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2371.71,2375.817"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where are we going to try it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2375.817,2377.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How are we going to try it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2377.17,2379.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All those design issues","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2383.01,2385.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which turn out to be (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2385.41,2388.998"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to both scientific and local experiments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2388.998,2392.415"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct) is a place of actually doing it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2393.312,2396.205"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you need to establish who is going to monitor it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2396.205,2399.046"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how is it going to be monitored?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2399.046,2401.194"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What are the criteria against","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2401.194,2402.874"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which it is going to be evaluated?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2402.874,2406.415"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe the facilitator and the farmers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2406.415,2409.668"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have a somewhat different view, it doesn't matter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2409.668,2412.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everybody's criteria is going to enter into this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2412.37,2415.401"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"might be returns to labor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2415.401,2416.425"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"might be returns to [nutrition?],","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2416.425,2418.075"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all kinds of things might pop up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2419.0,2421.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You need to determine what units,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2422.0,2423.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those things to be measured in,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2425.072,2426.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct) societies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2427.39,2430.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It might be that you need to determine,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2432.83,2435.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how measurements will be taken,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2435.93,2437.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how these will be recorded,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2437.66,2438.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a way that makes it accessible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2438.99,2441.405"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after the experiment is finished.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2441.405,2444.899"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Find the creativity discussing those kinds of things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2444.899,2447.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that other local (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2447.173,2448.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have to determine a process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2450.806,2452.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by which the results are going to be shared,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2452.06,2455.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if the thing is going to be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2457.36,2458.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more than simply intellectual [joy?] to the facilitator,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2458.193,2462.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there has to be some consideration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2462.12,2464.467"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to how can this process be embedded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2464.467,2467.384"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in community institutions, community financial capacity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2469.131,2471.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that it will continue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2471.09,2472.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after the outside support has ceased.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2472.7,2474.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2479.844,2482.011"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you talk to the major agricultural agencies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2496.39,2499.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2499.71,2501.391"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the first response they say is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2501.391,2502.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Well, it's very cute, but it's not very significant.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2502.39,2505.577"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How can you possibly achieve significance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2506.87,2509.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of numbers on scale,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2509.43,2511.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make this a worthwhile initiative, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2511.75,2515.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the task is urgent, the task is large,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2515.04,2518.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have to go for top down, low unit cost approach,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2518.41,2522.736"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because nothing else is going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2522.736,2523.947"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to fix the need at the moment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2523.947,2527.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, we have to admit like, all things that begin,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2527.71,2530.045"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's beginning small,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2530.045,2531.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's now reaching a level of endeavor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2531.26,2534.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is at least locally,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2534.59,2536.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in some cases, regionally already significant,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2536.46,2539.247"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of the numbers of communities and farmers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2539.247,2541.577"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is regional.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2541.577,2542.994"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From Latin America, we have the example of CLADES,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2544.045,2547.714"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is the Latin American consortium","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2547.714,2551.291"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"involving 14 intermediate NGO communities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2551.291,2556.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which in terms service","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2556.18,2557.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something like 800 local communities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2557.22,2559.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are getting to work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2561.13,2563.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and participate in development approach.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2563.97,2567.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the interesting things that is coming out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2567.68,2571.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that those communities are getting pods","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2571.18,2574.305"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to approach local agricultural universities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2574.305,2576.505"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I talked to the professors and said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2577.45,2579.197"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"This is what we would like you train your students in,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2579.197,2583.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because this is the kind of advice and support","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2583.61,2586.067"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we are going to need in the future.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2586.067,2588.355"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the mind is coming up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2588.355,2589.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the real problems on the ground","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2589.463,2592.404"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and (indistinct) very exciting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2592.404,2596.404"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is another, a whole era of initiative,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2597.757,2601.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which has to do with the development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2601.32,2603.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of testing out of the parameters","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2607.179,2608.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within which methodological techniques","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2610.307,2612.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for supporting any of these five or six steps,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2612.85,2617.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I just outlined,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2617.11,2619.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what works,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2619.07,2620.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what facilitates community participation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2620.06,2622.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what doesn't work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2622.25,2623.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the going of other education traditions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2623.29,2626.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"growing on psychology versus indigenous psychology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2626.1,2629.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and western psychology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2629.83,2631.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So instead of being very innovative (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2635.136,2639.888"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these kinds of methodological developments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2639.888,2642.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the Institute (indistinct) of Input Agriculture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2642.203,2644.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"based in university in Netherlands,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2644.82,2647.988"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Khon Kaen University in Northern Thailand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2647.988,2650.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the International Institute of Environment and Development,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2650.63,2653.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"based in London,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2653.39,2654.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and various individuals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2655.571,2656.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I'm sure you have come across in your readings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2656.473,2659.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's an organization called World Neighbors,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2660.88,2663.186"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which has been doing a lot of work around the world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2663.186,2666.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but particularly, in this line, in West Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2666.05,2669.707"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within some of the very hazardous, unstable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2669.707,2672.287"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and variable environments in dry land, West Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2672.287,2675.277"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they have paid particular attention,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2677.597,2680.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the process of embedding the approach","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2681.33,2683.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within community structure,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2683.34,2684.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so they continue after their input has ceased.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2684.51,2688.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is one area, for example in Togo,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2688.01,2690.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where something like 40 villages are participating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2691.57,2695.282"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in an annual assembly,(mumbles)--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2695.282,2699.449"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"20 villages are participating in an annual assembly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2701.476,2704.131"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which the research program is determined,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2704.131,2708.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they make a program for reaching out to research station,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2711.535,2714.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reaching out to agricultural development projects,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2714.58,2717.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are accessible to them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2717.88,2719.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to access new information and add it to their own,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2719.27,2723.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to learn from the research station trials.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2723.49,2725.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is not an anti-science movement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2725.58,2727.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's a complementary to what the public sector can do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2728.676,2731.927"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And four years after the World Neighbors,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2733.524,2735.667"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has ceased its support, it's still going strong,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2735.667,2738.321"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and more villages are participating.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2738.321,2740.886"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is a consortium of 40 NGOs based in the Philippines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2740.886,2745.886"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is working with the National Rice Research Institute,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2746.289,2749.457"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/870","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Los Baños University,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2750.903,2753.029"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bringing in farmer representatives,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2753.029,2755.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to train them in hybridization techniques in rice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2755.75,2759.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/873","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From parental selection, through to S6 material,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2759.2,2764.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/874","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"supporting them in the field.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2764.44,2766.247"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/875","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SO that they can choose among the traditional varieties,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2766.247,2770.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/876","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which characteristics they want to strengthen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2770.0,2772.848"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/877","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so they can keep up with the changing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2772.848,2776.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/878","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"environmental and economic challenges.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2776.163,2779.009"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/879","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there are many other examples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2779.009,2779.842"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/880","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I could share with you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2779.842,2781.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/881","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(chuckles),","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2782.822,2785.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"talking about this in many parts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2785.9,2787.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/883","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the world now, this is becoming regionally significant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2787.75,2790.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/884","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And community managed approaches,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2793.21,2795.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/885","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are learning how to link in to the public sector.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2795.48,2798.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/886","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now I think this kind of (indistinct) strategies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2799.2,2802.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/887","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is absolutely vital,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2802.09,2803.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/888","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it seems to me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2803.31,2804.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/889","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the uncertainty that lies ahead","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2806.324,2809.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/890","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will not be controllable, will not be manageable,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2809.21,2812.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/891","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if we rely only on centrally directed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2812.29,2815.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/892","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"public sector, agricultural research and extension.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2815.36,2820.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/893","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Added to which, the increasing number of countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2820.9,2823.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/894","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly in Africa and in Latin America,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2823.05,2825.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/895","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which no longer have sufficient government revenue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2825.45,2828.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/896","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to finance nationwide","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2828.47,2830.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/897","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"public sector agricultural research and extension.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2830.26,2834.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/898","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in the absence of that, surely we still need","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2834.22,2837.576"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/899","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a sort of approach that is going to be beneficial.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2837.576,2841.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/900","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To link it back to women again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2844.72,2847.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/901","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it seems to me that it's only","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2847.5,2848.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/902","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you will have this kind of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2848.34,2850.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/903","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"decentralized, participatory, community management,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2850.4,2854.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/904","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"empowering approach,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2854.163,2855.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/905","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there's going to be a real chance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2855.57,2857.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/906","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that majority of women will have a role","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2860.615,2863.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/907","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in shaping their agricultural futures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2863.81,2866.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/908","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And giving (indistinct) of how far gender sensitivity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2866.982,2871.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/909","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really co-creates either academic institutions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2871.71,2875.047"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/910","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in our own countries and other parts of the world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2875.047,2878.658"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/911","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"certainly develop the community in some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2878.658,2882.262"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/912","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"agricultural research and extension in the public sector.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2882.262,2886.241"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/913","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=2886.241,2888.741"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28049/annotation/914","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/049/original/AV204010_Womens_Knowledge_and_International_Development_a.vtt?1622637779","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/049/original/AV204010_Womens_Knowledge_and_International_Development_a.vtt?1622637779"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28050","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204010_Womens_Knowledge_and_International_Development_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133/transcript/28050/annotation/915","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- It's a very great pleasure to be with you all here at CITAB, first time that I've managed to fulfill any kind of duty as an external member , I'm very happy to be here with you. I'm going to be talking about women's knowledge in agriculture, and I'll begin with demonstrating progress of farm governance, its based to a certain degree on events in Kenya, but I think its much more quite directional to what's happening in informal sector in many other parts of the world.\r\n\r\n- Class is still on around here till 4:00, so you might want to have for 15 people\r\n\r\n- I might pause it for a few more minutes. So I will begin by telling a story based on farm development, then interpreting why I feel the need to include, generalize it as an international development and women's knowledge is not a feminist luxury but absolutely at the core of the challenge that lies ahead and it increasingly has in the future. And finally talk about process of technology development at community level which I feel has a very good promise as an alternative to science-based approaches. And one that will hopefully empower communities and households to continue to be experimental and innovative in increasing risk of rural livelihood that I'm sure will be upon us very soon. Please tell me if this shows up on the video. I hope so, it gets quite complex. Okay, this is, you can imagine to yourselves a dry land farming area, forest is being cleared, it's more relevant forest are cleared left hand side. There's a wet season stream running down on the left hand side of the farm plot, which is very subject to gully erosion. This is the hillside part of the land it has been cleared and maize planted along the contour. Farm household is very key to develop the small farmers, they follow through researching station advice. You can see they plant their maize in rows, they've remove all the weed cover from the fields, and they've constructed very nice little contour fields, which lead to rich yields. So although there are even, they are very impressed by what the research extension told them, they are not about to totally accept everything they are told. For those of you who are familiar with Kenya, this is the way that extension and research told them they should begin making the gravity slope contour beds by excavating a ditch on the uphill side of the slope and turning the cover. Of course there's reasons to do with the soil structure with this particular field. And the farm implement, and the intensity of the rainfall in that area. They, in fact, innovated contour regime practice, which is called in Kiswahili, where we first make the ditch on the down side slope of the field and where it works extremely well. The folks have started quite well with this, we can see the head of the household, has managed to buy himself a small Japanese cultivator, to deal with the problem that is very common on acidic high end soils in many parts of Africa, and that is striga infestation, which is the parasitic leech that grows on the roots of particularly sorghum and maize, and he's equipped himself with this cultivator to deal with cultivation. And his son here is got out from school and his father has opened out his own personal tobacco field, and the son is helping him spray the tobacco with chemicals to get the best possible return. This is more or less the farm as the science and agriculture research and extension department conceives it, defines it and describes it. That's the kind of process which they perceive as modernization. We all know or should know by now, that a farm is more than just what happens on the main commercial plot. We take a look around the totality of this environment, we see many other things going on. Right here along the field edge where they're cultivating maize, we see some chilly pods growing. These are crops planted, responsibility of the wife and she sells the chilies in the market, to earn extra income for the household, and so the chilies pay for things, which are her responsibility to pay for, in the total farm system. Unfortunately of course, it does tend to be somewhat contaminated by the chemical sprays, that goes on in the simple modernized farm . She's also taken from the forest, there are some forest fruit trees which provide dry season fruits, also have some medicinal properties which she uses as a home remedy, to look after the children, when they get sick. There some banana trees growing, it's very strange . All the mix of crops in this farm, you can see. And then growing on is an anthill, which she has broken down, it's a kind of soil, which tends to be very boron deficient, and yet the mineral concentration in the soil of the anthill, is very helpful in making sure that bananas have sufficient nutrition to grow and be fruitful. She also has here some very short maturing maize plants, because she knows the family is going to have to eat some sweet maize, before the main field crop is ready. She has a number of green vegetable leaf species, which the extension and research department regard as weeds but as we can see here, species such as, bitter amaranths, chenopodium and brasssicas, are in a sense cultivated in the farm. She grows directly for home consumption, but also when she has a surplus she sells in the local market. But as she sits, she talks with the market women bearing suffering, consciously selecting species, which are taste preferable with the clients in that market. She also has some rows of cowpeas and pigeon pea, and what she is looking for in those varieties, ae not occurred the kind to be disseminated by research and extension, which are uniform maturation, which puts their energy into producing beans and grains, for the commercial market. She's looking for a multipurpose, long , where she can use for leaves, which form something like 40% of the total biomass used, from that variety, is in the form rather than great form, and she wants it to be ready for harvest, over an extended period. So she continue to manage that of the family. She also has here the beginnings of some pigeon pea, unfortunately it is concentrating almost all this pigeon pea development on short small varieties, and yet through out dry land agriculture, we find that the household preferences. for legume and pigeon pea, hardly because pigeon pea is a very good multi purpose crop of the household level, Providing in the household domain, but also because with increase in resources , it is becoming certainly importantly burn as fuel. And of course anywhere across Africa, where lead efficient people are something like 20%, of the fuel available to households . And I'll be talking about increasing energy pressures later on. Though she's trying to cook with it in the only way that makes sense to her. And she's also growing few sticks of cassava, which are in this case, sweet cassava variety because she desperately needs a snack food. During the main later seasons, when her energy is totally expended in dealing with the main crops, she doesn't have time to cook, her cooking maybe reduced to once a day, or even once every two days, and she needs snack food for the kids. She has two grown up children, a boy and a girl, and two small toddlers, more little ones, and she's happy to have more children, because she views them as a labor resource, which is necessary for her to manage domestic tasks and the cultivation, which she needs to perform. Well, as time goes on and as we all know, fertilizer prices increase, and as more maize is produced to the markets, maize prices at the market decrease, the household is caught in a cost price squeeze and it has to try to intensify its production. They've done so by adding a few chickens and the dairy cows, Unfortunately the dairy cows increases, the input, output that goes through the farm ecosystem, most of the labor force are volunteers, responsible for fetching the water. She's increasingly concerned about exploitation. And the husband has tried to increase his income source, by planting timber trees along the farm boundary to solve the cost of the construction market. Now they had a little bit of difficulty when they first had this idea, because in this particular culture it's women who are responsible for fetching water, and with her labor so fully occupied already, she wasn't particularly thrilled with the idea of fetching water for his timber trees. And the first seedlings he acquired died, because he just assumed his wife will transfer labor, to go and fetch water to look after his cash crop. Now often the pressure becomes so intense, the man leaves the farm in search of wage employment, leaving the woman as head of the household for all cash crop purposes. She is very uncertain how often, and if at all, her husband will be able to come back to help on the farm, and she's clearly now the operator of the farm, but still she seems ready for extension contact. The son has been sent away to boarding school, because they reckon that investment in education, is probably in the long run, could be more effective than investing in the farming. Nonetheless she needs to continue to try to intensify production, and she does so like this. She opens up a small on farm fish pond, and a few ducks. She takes some more seedlings of this forest fruit, from the forest, and she's visited an agri project where she sees, that it's possible to build silt tracts in a gully but subject to seasonal erosion, and into the silt she's planted some new seedlings, and she hopes they won't get washed out, as the silt accumulates. She's also been in touch with the forestry agro forestry project, that supplied her husband with the seedlings for the , at the back of the farm. And because she could never afford to purchase fertilizer, she's looking for leguminous tree, that will increase the nitrogen in her food crop fields. And got the extension advise to plant this along the contour . But this didn't strike her as sensible because it wouldn't actually increase her general input. What she wanted was trees that she would , the regrowth of, as she was working, carried away in the maize fields. And one other thing she and her friends discovered, was if you plant nitrogen fixing trees along crops them, the very heavy additional dose of nitrogen in the soil, proves a very effective striga control. Now after three, four years, under the research and extension, she and her friends have planted a sufficient density of leguminous trees, within the food crop fields to more or less get striga under control, without fear cropping, weeding without use of pesticides and other chemicals. Not pesticides but weedicides. Also open up to small sorghum field to aid against risk if, the season should prove to be too dry, for the maize. And in order to feed her dairy cow, she has began planting grass that is indigenous to Kenya. Along the contour lines, she's experimenting with her women friends about exactly what makes the species provide the most usable biomass along the contour. And so we end up with a farm that has evolved over the last 20, 30 years, both in its social composition and in its economic characteristics. It's intensified in profitable output of usable biomass with very complex labor resource force found within the farm, and between the farm and its surrounding environment. Much of the knowledge that's enabled her to do this, has come through-- as we see in a moment, through female networks, not through the formal public sector research and extension structures. Public center research and extension, channels its information, provides access to the inputs necessary, to support the kind of farming that they're promoting, through institutions that are by and large inaccessible or much less accessible to women farmers than the male farmers. Just to look at the most critical, most formal sector agricultural lending institutions are located in district and provincial capitals, which are less physically accessible to women because they have less access either physically or financially to transport. Almost all the finance is available only against the kind of collateral that financial formal systems recognize as bankable. Very often this is specifically, land title, and we see in almost every country that has systems of use rights, to systems of legally, defined individual legal title, that the title passes unilaterally to the man, and excludes women from traditional right of use to land and other natural resources. In very many cases, the physical access to inputs in this case , is provided through a cooperative system and it you'll be surprised at how many cases property of membership, is restricted to the land title owner. And if women are excluded from legal rights in land, then automatically they're also excluded from property of membership, and is very difficult , explaining to my colleagues, seems to be a very easy thing to understand that the incentive pricing will not work in the small holder sector, when the additional labor to crop modernization is provided by women and they don't have access to the incentive price, because of the institutional structure. I saw the major challenge, and I would like to acknowledge, information from public sector agencies, of course, this is through extension. They're only two companies in the world which have significant knowledge of female extension staff that is in Philippines with something like 50% for field staff of women, and Thailand, 25% of all staff are women, but many of them are concentrated in cities rather than the field offices. This doesn't mean that male extension agents cannot work with women, agencies are learning how this can be done, but it's an uphill struggle and it doesn't happen very easily. We look at, by contrast, what are the circuits, the channels, the institutions through which women exchange, acquire, transform, discuss, become familiar with, knowledge and information. One is very often, older and more skilled people, women in the community, who in turn provide start up capital, provide seeds, provide agricultural inputs to their daughters, to their nieces when they become of appropriate age. Another source is through training circuits, that you know in many parts of the world, women are very influential in the so called petty informal sector, which very often, commands a very substantial portion of the total food chain, but because it deals in crops that don't enter the export market at a very large extent, under international trade statistics. The trouble is that, although women can prefer very strong, horizontal channels of communications through trade relationships, for example, market women who will often be the supplier of input, the supplier of planting materials, seed, to women of the field level who produce for her, just like the supermarket chain has its contract farm materials in the States, have similar arrangements in the formal sector, so women are at the market level, they are competitive with each other, and often very reluctant to share market information and access to economies of scale, at the level of the market, which causes and other forms of market organizations. And as such, main channels through which women acquire and share the information, and core knowledge is of course women to women, whether organized in traditional groups, whether organized in development, project-based groups. And you find very complex, for example, seed exchange, seed acquisition, relationships between women and neighboring villages, and neighboring markets, that has really led to good ties through female circuit, and to they're very few good communication empirically-based communication studies, which have documented any of these, maize, journal, and we find very hard to get development agencies to take this women to women communication seriously. Well, that's why I think women are, and how they got there, and by the report, there are some trends in agriculture worldwide, which quite frankly fills me with panic, and I cannot be a bit more constructive, when I shared with you my , And then we saw an increasing number of households first of all, where the family composition with normative ideal household relations, is breaking out under pressure of poverty. Female heads of households now count to something like 30% of all households, in many broad areas as a matter of , or India or Bangladesh or Africa, where the number of households heading in practice, whether or not this is being recognized by women 60 or 70%, as those areas with extreme low potential, that's economical-- income potential, are becoming depopulated and women are left to cope alone. This has indications of course for any kind of development support, which is predicated upon there being, a fully functioning household structure, with an intact community relationship. This is becoming less and less the case which is essentially very destabilizing. The second element of panic, we find people are not working on the program, are extremely reluctant to talk about it, first enduring with what, the president of NAS-- the president of the National Academy of Sciences, here in America, in the 1990 quote, the scientific certainties, that is the base consensus among scientists of what is going to happen in terms of global warming. Thus is, the global warming occur, there'll be overall increase in precipitation, the decrease in precipitation in temperate continental areas, and the temperature increases will be greater in higher latitudes, and lower near the equator. Of course we have absolutely no idea how these specific terms in the system play out, but in the next few decades, we are likely to see the following consequences. First of all, very radical and fundamental disruption of agriculture. With all that implies concurrent aid to trade, and the power relationships, an increase in disease as pests and infections, pathogens, move into new habitats where there is low resistance. An increase in coastal flooding, now this of course is heat , which is something like five to seven feet above sea level . And engineers recognize as a limit to how high to built the dikes and so on. But they are facing a situation where possibly in my own lifetime and certainly in your children, certain mentioned states will physically cease to exist, because they will be under water. Higher rates of current high population rate and high , will be very seriously affected. There will be considerable, widespread species extinction, there will be very widespread change in the mix and distribution of species, and there'll be an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. Now all those consequences definitely compose, simply are going to make agricultural development challenge, a lot more , a lot more risky, and in a sense completely beyond the control of kind of reduction science route we've taken in the past. And now the third , contributing to the hype, , there's a very considerable asymmetry in the worldwide resource consumption and pollution. If you want to use a nice journalistic figure something like, once the resources of the world are consumed by two thirds of the people. Two thirds that are doing disproportionate consumption of course come from industrialized countries. But it is the industrialized countries, that are the present contributing something like, 4/5 of the total carbon pollution, which contributes to the global warming process. The indication of that for me-- though people are not very willing to talk about is, I don't see how we can deal with that assymetry simply by trying to modernize more farms in countries, unless we're also prepared to do something about adjusting that pattern of consumption and production on our side. Certainly, there is a very great assymetry in the land available for agriculture. We very easily forget, but for example, approximately 23% of the population in Asia, which includes something like half of the world's poor-- of course, we can now kind of define the word poor, what level of the poor becomes poor. But if we said 23% of the population of Asia-- of the world population is Asian, includes half of the world's poor and it subsists on less than 5% of the total land arable world. And anybody who feels , should just remember that we're able to spread our agriculture and waste it, use it and abuse it precisely because we have so much more. Thirdly, there is a very great assymetry in population growth. Something like 90% of population growth is occurring within developing countries. And 15 countries of the world in the last 30 years, have actually seen an increase in the rate of population growth. If you like to play simple numbers games and go for population tabulations, would seem to be , South Asia is looking at possible rate of increase in population, something like 8% in the next 35 years, and East Asia is looking at rapid increase in total population of around 50%, and that's where the most of the world's population is located, and in some sense of the change of food production . I'd just like to add as a final commentary on my panic, is that the population increase has largely been made possible by in the last 118 years on the exploitation cost of fuel. There is so far on the number of renewable resource and there is no substitute immediately obvious that would provide energy at the level at which people can afford it, when they need it, where they need it, in most of the world. People eventually have to continue to rely on biomass energy to an increasing extent, which have to take out on the natural resource environment, that's immediately accessible to them. So we're not the only force facing a major challenge, in food production . The major challenge in production of biomass energy at the point at which it is consumed. Well, I hope I'm not uneasy, before I take my hand and suggest beginning of a way out, might help, if not solve the problem. Now if you go back to the kind of history of small farm development I demonstrated when I started off, there are actually three ways you can see that the development community is women in the light of challenge that I described. One is they've been seen as , they are the ones, poor women, in developing countries whose fertility is threatening the world. They are having too many children. They are the ones who because they are the ones responsible for fetching firewood, go deforesting the world. Cutting it out for firewood. They are the ones who are letting their children die because they are too stupid to know how to feed them well. There is a whole body of development analysis and its reflected in project design, which basically identifies women as environmental villains, as the backward part in our community. There is another whole section that almost falls, based on the same observations but giving a completely different interpretations, says, \"No. Women are the victims.\" If they have too many children, too early and too late, they are the ones who die. If their children are sick or badly fed, they're the ones who suffer not only emotionally, but because they have . They are the ones who have to go further and further for water, as water dries up . They are the ones who have to walk in some cases 20 kilometers a day, five kilometers a day . Based on , development community, that says , women have all this indigenous knowledge. And go back to my first overheads, they're the ones who instead of intensifying the output of small production. They are the ones being put against . They have because of their relationship with the woodland, with the forest margin, the field margin, with medicinal use of households clots, with their experience, who have indigenous tactical knowledge that should fix local environmental problems, who just need to learn how to and therefore solve the challenge of cost of food production, and environment sanity. Of course one thing that is missing, in this request review, is the voice of women themselves. And it's that voice of people themselves to determine their own agricultural futures, which is missing from a very great deal of development assistance. It's certainly to be more specific missing from our conception models, our institutional arrangements in the public sector, agricultural research and extension system. We'll also be talking more about those models later today. And I have come around the point of view of the of trying to get these institutions and the personnel to to take women farmers seriously, to take even small holder farmers seriously as also a sources of innovation, as also method capacity to contribute to shaping their own future. Say wealth. The distance between the experience of reality and the smallholder sector, and the point at which decisions are made about innovation, is just too great in the . So I and Collins have been working on something which is called, participatory technology development. And on this rather positive and constructive note is where I want to my talk. First of all, what is it? Well, it has a long of steps. . There still remains in some sense an externally initiated activity, and those externally initiatives, have to of course, have a methodology for inter community, developing relationships with households, establishing if you like, a partnership, a contractual relationship, in some cases it's formalized, some cases it's not, which has getting started. The partnership then interchange from the process of inventorizing to a person to communities, have done in the recent past to try to solve some of the environmental and agricultural problems, which they perceive as urgent and threatening to their survival. What has worked, what has not worked, who's tried it, what was the result, and out of that developing list of what should we try next season, or if they want to try something that's multi season, and also which period of time. Then we have to design and experiment the bills on individuals and communities, on these experimental conditions. Very often you find those referred to trial and error. Trial and error makes it sound very casual, And of course there is an element of that. But the more we look into it, the more we find that not in every case, but there is a living body of systematic experimentation, which is not unfamiliar with things that research station scientists, tend to consider as their own particular methodology. Things like the concept of control, the things like multi-sites, multi-season reputations, things like proper description of the parameters within which something is being tried out, and such characteristics or plant or whatever. Things like testing one variable at a time, systematically, all these things. We have found are somewhat familiar to farmer experiments of the junior level. So the process of design is not a question of substituting, the outside and scientific methodology and passing onto the local communities. Question of talking through what we going to try? Where are we going to try it? How are we going to try it? All those design issues which turn out to be to both scientific and local experiments. is a place of actually doing it, and you need to establish who is going to monitor it, how is it going to be monitored? What are the criteria against which it is going to be evaluated? Maybe the facilitator and the farmers have a somewhat different view, it doesn't matter. Everybody's criteria is going to enter into this, might be returns to labor, might be returns to [nutrition?], all kinds of things might pop up. You need to determine what units, those things to be measured in, societies. It might be that you need to determine, how measurements will be taken, and how these will be recorded, in a way that makes it accessible after the experiment is finished. Find the creativity discussing those kinds of things that other local . You have to determine a process by which the results are going to be shared, and if the thing is going to be more than simply intellectual [joy?] to the facilitator, there has to be some consideration to how can this process be embedded in community institutions, community financial capacity, so that it will continue after the outside support has ceased. When you talk to the major agricultural agencies about this, the first response they say is, \"Well, it's very cute, but it's not very significant.\" How can you possibly achieve significance in terms of numbers on scale, to make this a worthwhile initiative, you know, the task is urgent, the task is large, we have to go for top down, low unit cost approach, because nothing else is going to fix the need at the moment. Well, we have to admit like, all things that begin, it's beginning small, but it's now reaching a level of endeavor, which is at least locally, and in some cases, regionally already significant, in terms of the numbers of communities and farmers that is regional. From Latin America, we have the example of CLADES, which is the Latin American consortium involving 14 intermediate NGO communities, which in terms service something like 800 local communities, which are getting to work and participate in development approach. One of the interesting things that is coming out, that those communities are getting pods to approach local agricultural universities. I talked to the professors and said, \"This is what we would like you train your students in, because this is the kind of advice and support we are going to need in the future.\" So the mind is coming up from the real problems on the ground and very exciting. There is another, a whole era of initiative, which has to do with the development of testing out of the parameters within which methodological techniques for supporting any of these five or six steps, that I just outlined, what works, what facilitates community participation, what doesn't work and the going of other education traditions, growing on psychology versus indigenous psychology, and western psychology. So instead of being very innovative these kinds of methodological developments is the Institute of Input Agriculture, based in university in Netherlands, Khon Kaen University in Northern Thailand, the International Institute of Environment and Development, based in London, and various individuals that I'm sure you have come across in your readings. There's an organization called World Neighbors, which has been doing a lot of work around the world, but particularly, in this line, in West Africa, within some of the very hazardous, unstable and variable environments in dry land, West Africa, and they have paid particular attention, to the process of embedding the approach within community structure, so they continue after their input has ceased. There is one area, for example in Togo, where something like 40 villages are participating in an annual assembly, -- 20 villages are participating in an annual assembly, in which the research program is determined, they make a program for reaching out to research station, reaching out to agricultural development projects, that are accessible to them, to access new information and add it to their own, to learn from the research station trials. This is not an anti-science movement, it's a complementary to what the public sector can do. And four years after the World Neighbors, has ceased its support, it's still going strong, and more villages are participating. There is a consortium of 40 NGOs based in the Philippines, that is working with the National Rice Research Institute, and the Los Baños University, bringing in farmer representatives, to train them in hybridization techniques in rice. From parental selection, through to S6 material, supporting them in the field. SO that they can choose among the traditional varieties, which characteristics they want to strengthen, and so they can keep up with the changing environmental and economic challenges. So there are many other examples that I could share with you, , talking about this in many parts of the world now, this is becoming regionally significant. And community managed approaches, are learning how to link in to the public sector. Now I think this kind of strategies, is absolutely vital, because it seems to me that the uncertainty that lies ahead will not be controllable, will not be manageable, if we rely only on centrally directed public sector, agricultural research and extension. Added to which, the increasing number of countries, particularly in Africa and in Latin America, which no longer have sufficient government revenue to finance nationwide public sector agricultural research and extension. And in the absence of that, surely we still need a sort of approach that is going to be beneficial. To link it back to women again, it seems to me that it's only when you will have this kind of decentralized, participatory, community management, empowering approach, that there's going to be a real chance, that majority of women will have a role in shaping their agricultural futures. And giving of how far gender sensitivity, really co-creates either academic institutions, in our own countries and other parts of the world, certainly develop the community in some agricultural research and extension in the public sector. .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116133#t=0.0,2894.16"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116134","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - AV204010_Womens_Knowledge_and_International_Development_b.mp3"]},"duration":165.384,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/116/134/small/lecture.png?1622637783","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116134/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116134/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/116/134/original/AV204010_Womens_Knowledge_and_International_Development_b.mp3?1622637783","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":165.384,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116134","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116134/transcript/28051","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204010_Womens_Knowledge_and_International_Development_b.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116134/transcript/28051/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(crowd clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116134#t=5.239,8.545"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116134/transcript/28051/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(muttering)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116134#t=8.545,10.878"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116134/transcript/28051/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I was very pleased to see that you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116134#t=18.311,21.311"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116134/transcript/28051/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"briefly discussed this view that women can be the fixers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116134#t=23.151,27.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116134/transcript/28051/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the environment and of the problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116134#t=27.38,29.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116134/transcript/28051/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just recently I've learned something about eco-feminism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116134#t=29.93,34.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116134/transcript/28051/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Uh huh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116134#t=35.457,36.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116134/transcript/28051/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(static)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116134#t=37.372,39.455"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116134/transcript/28051","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116134/transcript/28051/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/051/original/AV204010_Womens_Knowledge_and_International_Development_b.vtt?1622637784","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/051/original/AV204010_Womens_Knowledge_and_International_Development_b.vtt?1622637784"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116134/transcript/28052","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204010_Womens_Knowledge_and_International_Development_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116134/transcript/28052/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- I was very pleased to see that you briefly discussed this view that women can be the fixers of the environment and of the problems. Just recently I've learned something about eco-feminism.\r\n\r\n- Uh huh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43280/file/116134#t=0.0,165.384"}]}]}]}