{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/0000000b87/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Herschede, Alfred John, Economic and Social Change in Post-Mao China"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV203396 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Economic and Social Change in Post-Mao China is an April 24, 1984 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Fred Herschede. Fred Herschede discusses the ways that America's views of China have changed.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. 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Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Ark"]},"value":{"en":["https://n2t.net/ark:/87292/w91c1tm37"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1984-04-24"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["lectures","Sound"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Herschede, Alfred John, 1944- (speaker)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio cassette"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["National characteristics, Chinese","Politics and government","Economic history","Social conditions","Agriculture and state"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["China (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Committee on Lectures records (RS 8/6/53) (physical collection)","Iowa State Lectures Series (digital collection)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Economic and Social Change in Post-Mao China is an April 24, 1984 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Fred Herschede. 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For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/105/824/small/lecture.png?1613512169","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e This microphone is working.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=7.27,8.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to welcome you tonight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=9.778,11.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm Jane Adams from the department of economics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=11.15,13.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the committee on lectures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=13.28,14.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's my pleasure to introduce tonight's speaker","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=14.92,17.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who is Fred Hershey.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=17.54,19.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Hershey received his PhD degree in 1976","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=19.25,23.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the University of Illinois,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=23.02,24.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where he specialized in the study of the Chinese economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=24.58,27.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Currently, he is associate professor of economics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=27.96,31.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Indiana University of South Bend,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=31.03,33.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where most of his research concerns the Chinese economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=33.45,37.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most relevant to tonight's lecture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=37.02,39.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are his experiences last year as senior Fulbright lecture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=39.04,43.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Nanjing University in the People's Republic of China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=43.23,47.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The topic for tonight's lecture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=47.07,48.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is economic and social change in post-modern China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=48.84,52.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Following the lecture, Dr. Hershey will take questions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=52.61,55.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the audience.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=55.45,57.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Before beginning the lecture tonight though,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=57.05,58.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to announce that tomorrow afternoon,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=58.91,60.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Hershey will participate in a panel discussion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=60.93,64.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on China's real responsibility system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=64.25,67.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The other panelists will be Peter Calkins,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=67.63,69.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who is an agricultural economist at Iowa state","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=69.92,72.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Schuman Juan, who is an Iowa State sociologist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=72.5,75.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who will be working in China next year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=75.75,78.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The seminar tomorrow is at 4:10 p.m in room 160, Heady Hall.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=78.4,82.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You're all welcome to attend if you'd like to do so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=82.91,86.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tomorrow's lecture as tonight's lecture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=86.41,88.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is sponsored by the Lectures Committee,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=88.81,90.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is funded by GSB.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=90.92,93.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's also co-sponsored by the graduate college","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=93.1,96.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a number of departments around the university,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=96.08,98.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"including the departments of economics, history,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=98.61,101.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sociology, political science, agronomy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=101.33,104.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"animal science and dairy science.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=104.6,107.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, please help me in welcoming Dr. Hershey.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=107.0,109.891"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=109.891,112.891"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Before I begin, I wanted to make one qualification,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=116.311,119.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that is, I saw the, one of the posters","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=119.5,121.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"announcing tonight's lecture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=121.44,122.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I wanna know that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=122.94,124.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while I think there are significant changes in China","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=124.18,126.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the last few years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=126.46,127.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chinese are not walking around waving dollar bills just yet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=127.85,131.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe cokes, but not dollar bills.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=131.22,133.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Before I get going,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=134.7,135.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let me just say one special word of introduction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=135.57,140.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that is that I feel some special ties to Iowa State.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=141.07,144.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My association with professor Dean (mumbles) Adams","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=145.81,150.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really goes back to our days in graduate school","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=150.14,153.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"almost 15 years ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=153.15,155.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the time that I was beginning my formal study","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=155.13,158.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of China and Chinese economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=158.51,160.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And more recently,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=160.81,163.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I became acquainted with professor Brown Leach","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=163.23,166.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the English department,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=166.91,168.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was also a Fulbright professor last year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=168.06,171.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we had several occasions to get together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=171.38,173.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to exchange our experiences and ideas about China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=173.52,177.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And also one other contact is that Jenn, Kathleen, Boos,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=177.52,182.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are also professors in the English department here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=182.34,185.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came across them during travels between semesters in Kunming","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=185.66,189.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and spent a day traveling around Kunming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=189.63,192.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that as large as China and as large as United States is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=192.29,196.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are these occasions where people come together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=196.56,200.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in different situations at different times","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=200.82,202.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since whether. (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=202.55,204.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, when I was preparing my remarks for this evening,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=204.89,208.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I felt that I really had to address two issues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=210.13,214.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The obvious one of course is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=214.46,216.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what have been the policy changes since the late 1970s?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=216.4,220.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And probably more importantly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=220.06,221.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what have been the actual changes in Chinese lives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=221.37,225.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that have occurred over this period?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=225.09,226.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And largely from my perspective, being in China","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=226.88,230.447"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the people that I came into contact with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=230.447,233.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But another issue that I think that needs to be addressed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=233.13,236.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that is what I perceive as a very significant change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=236.84,241.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the tone and orientation of American analysis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=242.46,246.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and description of China, of the Chinese economy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=246.39,250.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Chinese society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=250.2,252.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For the past two years or so,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=252.06,253.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's been a number of writing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=253.81,256.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both by journalists and scholars,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=256.01,259.749"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that present a picture of China much different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=259.749,263.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than what we read or heard about in the 1970's.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=263.05,267.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so, what I wanna do tonight, first of all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=267.94,269.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to look at this reassessment, if you will, of China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=269.71,273.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and try to get at some of the causes of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=273.45,275.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then go on to what I think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=276.85,278.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or at least the five of significant changes in recent years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=278.98,283.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Chinese economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=283.58,284.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And those five would be,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=284.83,287.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the implementation of Agricultural Responsibility System,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=287.07,290.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the One Child's Family and population control,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=291.3,294.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the improvement in living standards both in the city","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=295.22,297.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the countryside,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=297.83,299.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reforming higher education,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=299.67,302.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and finally, relations with foreigners.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=302.03,304.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if I had to come up with an alternative title","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=305.82,308.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for this presentation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=308.93,310.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rather than social and economic change in post-modern China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=310.28,313.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what I think I might say is the gray areas,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=313.87,317.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reading China between the lines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=317.36,319.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the reason I say that is that in the past,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=319.56,323.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think and possibly today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=323.42,327.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"China is seen as either all bad or wonderfully good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=327.79,332.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's nothing in between that either once for China","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=333.97,337.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or once against China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=337.42,339.522"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this view is really helped, I should say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=339.522,343.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the Chinese themselves, as we go through various cycles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=343.96,347.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and different \"administrations,\" if you will,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=347.92,351.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who present things in much that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=351.23,353.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mao accuse Deng Xiaoping of being (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=353.87,357.802"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Deng Xiaoping talks about the \"Ten Lost Years,\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=357.802,360.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Cultural Revolution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=360.4,362.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what I think though,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=362.15,363.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looking at China like most societies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=363.21,366.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's not black and white,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=366.87,368.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's really a lot of areas of gray.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=368.53,370.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"China is very, very complex,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=370.55,372.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what I hope to try to convey to you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=372.5,374.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is just some of the complexities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=374.15,376.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of trying to understand China","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=376.27,377.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also what goes on in China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=377.82,380.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So anyway, let me first of all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=380.79,382.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go on to this point about changing American viewpoints","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=382.26,386.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=386.13,387.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, it seems like Americans have always been very busy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=387.4,390.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about clearing up misconceptions about China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=390.05,394.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that one at one period,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=394.09,396.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we developed new truths to replace the myths","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=398.42,401.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we formerly thought we had,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=401.24,404.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only to find out tomorrow","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=404.77,406.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that yesterday's truths are an illusion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=406.54,409.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so we find a cycle almost of cynicism and euphoria","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=409.38,414.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=416.51,418.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's just not something that's recent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=418.2,420.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it probably goes all the way back in the post 1949 period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=420.25,425.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you, for instance, if you look at the prevailing view","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=425.48,430.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the 1970s, it was one, a profound fascination with China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=431.0,436.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and many Americans, and again, I wanna speak primarily","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=436.49,439.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from American viewpoint when I make these contrasts,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=439.97,444.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that many Americans looked at Chinese values,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=444.95,449.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"egalitarianism, selfishness of community","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=450.14,455.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as being something very worthwhile,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=455.21,459.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially looked at in comparison with what they thought","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=459.21,463.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were some values of United States of competitiveness,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=463.64,467.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of individuality and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=467.46,469.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We go on though to the 1980s and in recent years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=471.41,475.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we get an entirely different view.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=477.08,478.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The view today is one of disillusionment and disappointment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=478.93,483.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Disillusion and disappointed that the Chinese","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=484.13,487.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really haven't done what they say they've done,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=487.79,491.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that somehow we may have been misled","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=492.24,497.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or certainly confused.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=498.49,500.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanna go through some of these,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=500.72,503.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some examples of this contrast between '70s and the '80s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=503.32,507.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first one is if we look at in the 1970s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=508.34,512.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"again we can trace it, let's say from Nixon's visit in '72,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=512.56,517.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through probably '79 and 1980,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=518.79,523.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the view was one of egalitarianism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=523.07,528.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the promotional welfare of all Chinese citizens.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=528.23,532.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We saw China is providing adequate standard of living","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=532.21,535.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for all of her citizens.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=535.81,537.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Basic nutrition, healthcare education,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=537.36,541.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were provided for all, for peasants, for urban resonance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=541.86,546.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for leaders and for the lead.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=546.77,549.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in its most extreme views,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=549.38,553.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have people telling us that China has no slums,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=553.48,557.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is no poverty in China, no crime in China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=557.4,561.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, if we look at the reports that are coming out today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=561.06,563.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and many of these,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=563.3,564.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even if you don't follow China that clearly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=564.83,566.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you may have heard about Fox Butterfield,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=566.82,570.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the former New York Times correspondent in Peking,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=570.14,574.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"writing \"China: Alive in the Bitter 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now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1038.12,1041.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looking at available information and data","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1041.36,1044.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the Chinese economy, compare it to the pronouncements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1044.04,1048.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the leaders and find that there's great shortcomings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1048.2,1051.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or what we find is somebody like Nick Eberstadt,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1051.83,1056.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who did a comparative study of China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1057.44,1059.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looking at a number of social economic measures,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1059.61,1063.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and found that China has made significant improvements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1063.25,1066.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in nutrition and equality and rights of women in healthcare.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1066.31,1071.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But that it really wasn't all that unusual,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1072.38,1074.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a matter of fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1074.92,1075.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"China really placed middle of the developing Asian nations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1075.93,1080.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So they certainly weren't superior to all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1080.15,1083.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we're getting quite a different view.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1083.08,1087.185"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, anyway, so if this is...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1087.185,1089.459"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I hope can give you a general notion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1089.459,1091.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of kinda changing focus that we now have on China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1091.53,1095.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the question then is, why has it come about?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1095.91,1099.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, obviously, one of the reasons that came about,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1099.62,1101.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that there have been changes in China","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1101.81,1104.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Chinese are talking 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that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1109.27,1110.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think that part of the explanation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1110.93,1113.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for this transformation that's taking 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1970s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1133.67,1137.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least among many American academic people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1138.44,1143.437"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was a questioning of basic Western liberal values,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1144.65,1148.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you will, values of individual rights,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1148.21,1153.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of justice, consumerism, of basic freedoms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1154.169,1159.169"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we saw China as a society of values","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1162.835,1166.097"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that were more attractive at the time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1171.37,1174.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"egalitarianism, populism, and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1174.61,1178.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what's happened though, and we see it everywhere,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1179.05,1181.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of course, is in the last several years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1181.73,1183.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there's been a fundamental change,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1183.27,1185.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not only among American academics but others,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1185.22,1187.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we can just look to the rise of Ronald 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sentiment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1194.07,1196.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that has, I think, influenced our view of China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1196.53,1201.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that now we seem to favor, once 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anyway,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1209.58,1211.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have seen China are seeing those westerns values","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1211.96,1216.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is something worthwhile of individual rights,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1216.85,1220.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of human rights, of personal expression democracy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1220.04,1224.597"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so 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China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1232.08,1234.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's more, it goes beyond just a change in the climate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1234.31,1237.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it kinda gets at a transformation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1237.73,1240.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the basic assumptions we use to evaluate China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1240.55,1244.364"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I know that when I was in China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1244.364,1246.009"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in confronting these things on a day-to-day basis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1246.009,1249.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I came up across a number of these all the 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norms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1258.7,1261.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and standards to evaluate the Chinese,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1261.4,1264.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that somehow because of the Cold World War period,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1264.61,1269.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the rhetoric and images and so forth that had developed then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1271.56,1274.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that what we had to do or what we 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failures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1284.66,1287.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so, way to correct the situation was to use","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1288.847,1293.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the standards the Chinese established for themselves,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1293.82,1297.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"egalitarianism, collectivist and ideas in general.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1297.06,1301.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1301.78,1302.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think what happens when the changes that occur,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1304.97,1308.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that we now say that maybe we were incorrect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1308.13,1312.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in doing that, and that it's appropriate to apply standards","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1312.41,1316.129"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of human rights and so forth to the Chinese","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1316.129,1319.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to evaluate the Chinese on that basis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1319.29,1322.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another assumption that we made during the 1970s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1323.75,1327.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was in somehow the Chinese were different.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1327.82,1330.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That the Chinese didn't have the same aspirations as we do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1330.33,1333.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"living in liberal Western society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1333.99,1337.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And If that was the case,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1340.463,1341.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then we couldn't apply those values to them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1341.38,1343.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And essentially had two aspects to it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1343.72,1346.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was a notion that the Chinese as a poor society,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1346.54,1351.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were most concerned with economic advancement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1352.61,1356.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that violations of individual 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advancement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1366.06,1370.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in a more particular sense,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1370.04,1372.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we more or less had the notion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1372.13,1374.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the Chinese really didn't have a tradition of privacy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1375.94,1380.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of individualism, of personal rights,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1380.44,1384.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that, and so why hold those up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1384.98,1387.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to evaluate their performance as a society, as an economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1387.75,1392.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what we do and what we find now is to say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1392.59,1395.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we see it in the writing, is it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1395.41,1397.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe the Chinese really aren't that different from us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1398.1,1400.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that notions of personal liberties and so forth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1400.82,1403.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1403.87,1404.797"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we see examples of 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ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1409.88,1414.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"giving us indication that really underneath all this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1414.13,1417.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are those yearnings that we can identify to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1417.73,1421.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so we then start looking at China","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1421.57,1424.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from that particular perspective.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1425.603,1427.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then finally,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1427.8,1428.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what we did was to...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1430.54,1432.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"During the 1970s, to say that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1432.62,1435.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what the Chinese should be evaluated on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1435.68,1438.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were the goals of the leaders","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1438.49,1441.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we saw Mao's goals as being very worthy goals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1441.13,1446.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I've been mentioning,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1447.08,1448.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that we should evaluate China on those basis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1448.29,1450.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it was almost at the point where if the Chinese said","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1450.86,1453.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that women held up half the sky,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1453.93,1456.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well then, women obviously are equal in China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1456.64,1459.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that if the Chinese policy makers say that the mass line","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1460.6,1465.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should prevail, that is, participation from the bottom,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1465.06,1469.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well, then in fact, it must prevail.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1469.4,1472.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, what we're doing now is we change that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1472.69,1475.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and say, no, what we really should do,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1475.0,1477.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe taking cues from the Chinese,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1477.24,1480.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Deng Xiaoping and say, well, let's look at the facts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1480.24,1482.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, how have they really done?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1482.24,1484.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we have kinda changed that assumption","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1484.02,1487.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of looking at China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1487.07,1488.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of that's one, I think, explanation for this change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1488.4,1491.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another one is that China has certainly changed in its role,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1491.48,1496.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the role that applies in American foreign policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1499.14,1501.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think China's role in American foreign policy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1501.65,1504.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had some impact upon the way we viewed China in the 1970s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1504.1,1508.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the 1970s, it was of course the period of Vietnam.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1508.06,1512.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was also the period of US-Sino rapprochement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1514.13,1518.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the late 1970s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1518.01,1520.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that this created a wellspring of goodwill","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1520.93,1524.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and positive views towards Chinese, towards China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1524.54,1528.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But now we look at it in the context of the early 1980s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1528.81,1532.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we see that the war is over,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1532.54,1537.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we have relations with the Chinese","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1538.18,1542.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that the antiwar rationale and the logic of detente,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1542.5,1547.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no longer are the force shaping our ideas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1547.6,1550.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since they were before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1550.72,1553.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And furthermore, what we've come to realize is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1553.11,1555.767"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there're certain limits in the political relationship","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1557.191,1560.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1560.53,1561.567"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We see that there are limits on the amount of foreign trade","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1561.567,1564.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we can have,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1564.407,1566.129"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's still a great deal of controversy over that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1566.129,1570.614"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We see there are limits on the Taiwan issue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1570.614,1574.281"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There will be limits or there are limits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1575.21,1576.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the question of Hong Kong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1576.79,1578.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so we see that these, there are international limits.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1578.72,1583.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if we can question international limits,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1583.55,1585.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well, then we say, maybe, well then we can,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1585.77,1587.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can we also question some of the domestic limits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1587.84,1590.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within China?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1590.42,1591.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Finally, I think a third and possibly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1593.79,1596.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of the most important explanations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1596.52,1598.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this changing assessment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1598.03,1600.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is just the terms in which Westerners,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1600.06,1603.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Americans in particular, have come to know about China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1603.17,1606.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"During the height of the cultural revolution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1607.83,1610.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the late 1960s, early, very early 1970s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1610.01,1613.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our information about China","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1613.75,1614.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came from the official Chinese press","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1614.98,1617.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or newspapers, or wall posters from Red Guards.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1617.37,1621.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had Chinese specialist sitting in Hong Kong","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1621.0,1623.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and essentially, relying upon those two sources","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1623.7,1627.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the basis of their information,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1627.18,1629.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we got some of the viewpoints that I mentioned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1629.91,1634.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Things began to change in the middle of 1970s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1634.65,1638.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the door opens up a bit and a few Americans come in,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1638.63,1643.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then some in this audience, including myself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1645.04,1648.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's a period that Harry Harding refers to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1648.32,1652.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as \"revolutionary tourism.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1652.0,1654.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I can remember going to China in 1979,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1654.01,1657.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is kinda at the tail end of this period,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1657.05,1659.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and going in for two or three-week tour","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1660.87,1664.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and coming away with quite a positive 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in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1673.15,1676.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Things went smoothly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1676.81,1678.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everything was well coordinated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1678.2,1679.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We saw model, communes and model schools.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1680.74,1685.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everyone, and we saw lots of smiling faces","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1686.06,1688.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and clean streets,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1688.36,1689.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that change, that affected our 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dedication","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1705.83,1708.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Chinese I met there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1708.94,1711.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the goal of modernizing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1711.57,1713.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I was really struck by looking at American society","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1713.01,1715.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and seeing the diversity of 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almost,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1722.4,1727.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"acceptance of and dedication to economic advancement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1728.18,1732.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, that has changed, I think, dramatically,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1734.96,1737.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the last three or four years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1737.43,1739.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a period where Americans in particular","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1739.79,1741.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other Westerners are going to China","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1743.41,1745.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for long periods of time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1745.58,1747.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're going as teachers, we're going as students,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1747.23,1749.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as diplomats, as journalists, as businessmen and women,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1749.52,1754.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we're living in China for a year and two years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1754.36,1758.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we start seeing a side of China that we could not see,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1758.81,1763.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or did not see during a two-week tour in 1979.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1764.56,1768.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Start seeing the operation of bureaucracy as it is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1768.93,1773.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We start seeing the restrictions that are put on foreigners","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1774.14,1777.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in their contacts with Chinese.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1777.27,1780.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that has greatly affected this view.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1780.21,1784.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, anyway, so,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1785.44,1787.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I think is one particular explanation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1787.58,1792.339"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this change in the reappraisal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1792.339,1795.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I might mention though before I go on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1795.94,1797.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to some of the actual changes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1797.53,1799.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that I think there have to be some words of caution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1799.45,1802.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When it's reappraisal that goes on, reassessment now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1802.28,1805.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when it's done with,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1805.47,1806.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what might be considered to be realistic standards","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1806.65,1809.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and thoughtfulness, is that I think we really do come away","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1809.6,1811.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a much better understanding of what China is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1811.85,1815.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how complex China really is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1815.41,1818.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But when it's done in a sense of cynicism and disdain,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1818.7,1823.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then we really get a one-sided view of China","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1823.6,1825.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is as extreme as the other one side was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1825.92,1829.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during the 1970s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1829.3,1830.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that this is one of the faults","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1830.46,1833.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with books like Mosher's, Bernstein's and Butterfield's,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1833.29,1835.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that while factually much of that I think is on the mark,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1835.71,1840.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nonetheless, there's a cynicism that prevails in the book","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1840.97,1845.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that colors one's total image.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1845.15,1848.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's comes out as a strictly negative view on China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1848.48,1852.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so what we have to...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1852.18,1853.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The caution I would wanna give you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1853.26,1855.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you're reading about China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1855.31,1856.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that what we're still doing oftentimes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1856.48,1859.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is making the sweeping moral judgments that we did before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1859.07,1862.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That really hasn't changed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1862.08,1863.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mosher is the same as some of us writing back in 1970s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1863.46,1868.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that he's sweeping changes about China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1868.25,1870.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in either one way or the other way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1870.82,1873.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another caution is that at least Americans have a tendency","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1873.35,1877.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to try to clear up misunderstandings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1877.95,1880.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by turning them on its head.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1880.52,1882.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so if during the cold war period we had a view of China","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1882.69,1885.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we felt was influenced by cold war rhetoric,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1888.352,1891.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we turned the situation on its head","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1891.24,1893.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and presented an idealized version of China","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1893.67,1895.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and didn't talk about what the problems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1895.76,1898.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of the problems might be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1898.8,1900.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And likewise, we take this idealized view that we had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1900.19,1904.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the 1970s and say, well, the way to remedy that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1904.71,1907.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to turn on its head and, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1907.74,1909.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"focusing on the very negative aspects of China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1909.39,1914.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then finally,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1914.07,1914.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the last caution is that one has to be very careful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1914.903,1918.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about listening to what the Chinese say themselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1918.12,1921.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Deng Xiaoping does essentially what Mao did a decade before,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1921.01,1925.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that is it paints the preceding period of paints","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1925.94,1930.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"once opponents in these extremes views","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1930.33,1933.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of being in opposition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1933.04,1936.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, well, let me go on to, after that discussion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1936.54,1941.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to go on to look at what I think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1941.04,1943.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are some of the major changes in China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1943.13,1945.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one may dispute that I haven't covered all of them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1945.41,1948.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I would agree with you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1948.72,1949.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's quite a bit that's going on in China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1949.64,1951.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I wanted to try to keep this manageable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1951.7,1954.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and within a reasonable period of time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1954.21,1956.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Please concentrate on what I thought","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1956.63,1958.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were the most important ones.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1958.2,1960.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think, probably the most important one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1960.41,1963.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the Agricultural Responsibility System.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1963.23,1966.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And before I get into that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1966.33,1967.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let me give you just a few words of background.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1967.27,1970.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One is that, unlike the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1970.57,1973.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"agriculture remains today, the mainstay,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1973.31,1976.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the backbone of Chinese society,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1977.528,1979.987"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has it has for thousands of years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1979.987,1982.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Agriculture provides 75% of the employment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1982.52,1986.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"provides about 50% of exported goods,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1986.2,1989.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"60% of industrial raw materials.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1989.01,1992.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's very, very significant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1992.46,1994.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But on the other hand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1994.05,1995.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during the period from 49 to the present,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1996.18,1999.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that agriculture has not had a very high priority","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=1999.11,2004.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in state investment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2004.89,2006.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Chinese government has not used its revenues to invest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2006.63,2010.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Chinese countryside, rather that investment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2010.78,2013.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has gone into heavy and light industry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2013.07,2016.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And essentially what the Chinese have done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2016.28,2017.817"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what the responsibility system is a continuation of,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2017.817,2021.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to look at institutional change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2021.88,2024.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to bring about economic development.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2024.04,2027.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in that sense, the responsibility system is the same","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2027.35,2031.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the commune system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2031.2,2033.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The communes were set up to get a big leap in production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2033.48,2037.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by changing the way production was organized.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2037.87,2040.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Likewise, in the 1980s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2040.36,2042.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we changed agricultural organization once again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2042.26,2044.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to get a further boost in production.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2044.95,2047.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, let me, first of all, just review what went on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2048.14,2051.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before late 1970s, in case you're not familiar with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2051.01,2055.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is, the Chinese during the 1950s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2055.38,2057.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went through a period of gradually socializing agriculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2057.7,2061.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first effort was a land reform, 49, 50 51,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2061.96,2066.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which essentially gave land to the tillers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2067.96,2070.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the most part.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2070.92,2071.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that was followed very shortly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2073.568,2075.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the promotion of elementary forms of cooperation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2075.25,2079.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have mutual aid teams,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2079.86,2081.147"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"52 and 53, probably much like you find in among Iowa farmers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2081.147,2086.147"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and farmers elsewhere, that at peak season,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2086.99,2089.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"several families get together and pool their resources.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2089.43,2092.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That evolves to elementary forms of cooperation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2092.37,2095.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the mid '50s, where larger numbers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2095.73,2098.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"may be three dozen farm families pull their land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2098.67,2102.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and capital equipment, farm together,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2102.06,2105.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then income is divided according to one's contribution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2105.61,2108.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of labor and capital.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2108.99,2111.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it (mumbles) finally in the communes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2111.05,2116.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which were formed in 1958,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2116.49,2118.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which essentially prevail for about 20 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2118.06,2121.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what the commune is, it's entirely complex","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2121.68,2125.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and can't get into the details here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2125.12,2126.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it was essentially a three-level organization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2126.87,2130.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the top of the hierarchy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2130.78,2132.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Organizational hierarchy was a commune organization itself,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2132.39,2135.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was kinda concerned with providing hospital,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2135.77,2140.537"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe a cultural training, college, coordinating,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2142.61,2147.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"production plans with this ministry of agriculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2149.82,2153.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2153.05,2153.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Below that came the production brigade,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2153.91,2156.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which manage all small-scale industry,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2156.49,2159.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"further took the agricultural targets","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2159.66,2161.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and broke them down even further.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2161.77,2163.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They might run schools, health clinics, and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2163.83,2167.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the foundation of the commune system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2167.41,2169.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the production team, could be 10 to 15 households,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2169.93,2173.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which together owned the machinery and equipment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2173.87,2177.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and farm together on the directions of a team leader.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2177.98,2181.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And income was distributed on the basis of generally,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2181.42,2184.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work points associated with time put in to production.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2184.3,2188.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, this forming the communes in 1958 was done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2189.91,2193.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the Chinese saw that they could make","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2193.49,2197.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tremendous leaps forwards in production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2197.36,2199.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a very short period of time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2199.72,2201.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Essentially, what the Chinese were arguing is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2201.16,2203.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by mobilizing labor resources, even if there was no capital,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2203.63,2207.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they could greatly expand the output,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2207.75,2210.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not realizing that diminishing returns sets in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2210.85,2215.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very rapidly sometimes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2215.3,2217.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, what we will look back upon the commune period,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2217.23,2221.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this was the view prevailing in the late 1970s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2221.19,2225.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It said, \"sure, there were certain 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labor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2232.21,2236.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for labor-intensive construction projects.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2236.17,2239.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And anyone who's been to China always is 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does,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2403.48,2406.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to reduce collective control over farm management","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2406.34,2409.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and increase the role of 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experience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2435.53,2438.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a political scientist to study","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2438.36,2439.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it was a situation where the high party officials,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2439.84,2444.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Deng Xiaoping in particular, supported the reform efforts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2444.55,2448.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the experimentation, peasants seemed to support those,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2448.22,2452.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there was a lot of resistance at the lower echelon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2452.45,2456.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a party in the cadres.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2456.42,2458.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, what eventually comes out is a system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2459.46,2463.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they say, Agricultural Responsibility System,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2463.51,2465.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where instead of having a household belong to a team","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2465.86,2469.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and work as a team with 10 or 15 families,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2469.67,2473.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that the family can work for itself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2473.05,2475.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within some pretty significant constraints, I think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2475.84,2479.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Essentially, what happens is household sign contracts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2479.21,2481.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to produce a certain amount of output.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2481.95,2484.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They meet their quota,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2484.54,2486.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they can either keep their output or sell it on the market.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2486.27,2491.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, there's many different kinds of responsibility systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2492.07,2494.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It kinda depends upon the natural conditions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2494.88,2497.955"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the farmers live.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2497.955,2500.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You put, it can generally be broken down into two groups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2500.56,2503.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One, is management by task,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2503.46,2505.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that is just simply where an individual,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2505.46,2508.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a small group of households or mainly just a household,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2508.11,2511.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is given a particular task,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2511.27,2513.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"watching a herd of cows or maintaining the fisheries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2513.91,2518.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in return for carrying out that particular function,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2520.85,2525.147"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are given certain number of work points.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2525.147,2528.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then, how much has worth of income depends upon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2528.55,2531.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how much the production team earns as a whole","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2531.74,2535.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the total number of work points.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2535.35,2537.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The other kind of responsibility system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2538.48,2540.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is where once income is directly tied to output.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2541.45,2545.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And again, this has been done on individual basis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2546.84,2549.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hassle basis and group basis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2549.47,2551.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But essentially, what's what happens is that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2551.47,2554.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let's take it for an individual household","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2554.55,2556.287"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it seems to be a predominant form, right now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2556.287,2559.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that a household will sign a contract","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2559.12,2564.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a production team to meet a certain quota of output.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2564.15,2568.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Once the quota is fulfilled, then the output that remains","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2569.35,2573.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can be disposed off as they want","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2573.5,2576.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, and there's a couple of variations here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2576.05,2578.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sometimes, for me meeting a quota,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2578.01,2579.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a household was given work points,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2579.85,2582.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but what has eventually evolved at least in 1983,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2582.53,2586.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that essentially what households are told","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2586.93,2589.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that they had to provide for the agricultural tax","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2589.36,2592.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the team has to pay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2592.93,2594.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That they have to pay,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2594.52,2595.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they have to provide a part of output for the welfare fund","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2595.51,2600.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the team level, and also they have to provide","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2600.51,2603.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a part of the share of the teams quota","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2603.37,2608.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the state ministry of agriculture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2608.39,2611.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and after that, they can do whatever they want.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2611.43,2613.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if they wanna produce more of the same crop,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2613.55,2615.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's fine,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2615.37,2616.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they wanna grow something else, that's okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2616.203,2618.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then they can use this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2618.38,2619.753"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the surplus again for their own income.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2620.78,2623.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, that has gone along with some other changes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2624.97,2629.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that, let me just briefly mention,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2629.67,2631.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one is that there was a price reform in 1979.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2631.33,2634.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Remember I said, part of the problems in the countryside","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2634.76,2637.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were high prices for industrial products,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2637.32,2639.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"low prices for agricultural products.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2639.79,2642.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1979 industrial goods for the countryside were lowered.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2642.91,2647.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the neighborhood of 10 to 15%,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2648.19,2650.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and prices paid to farmers increased fairly substantially.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2650.97,2655.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The amount of grain that the farmers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2655.23,2657.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have to sell to the state at the quota price","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2657.21,2660.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was raised about 25%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2660.26,2663.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The price for above quota sales,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2663.52,2665.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the state was increased from,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2665.54,2667.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was increased by about 20% or so over what it had been.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2667.89,2672.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In addition to that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2677.56,2678.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's been expansion of private family plots.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2678.393,2680.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't mention before","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2680.74,2682.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when I was talking about Chinese agriculture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2682.15,2683.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that except for a few brief periods,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2683.85,2686.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chinese farmers have always had a small plot,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2686.72,2689.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"either behind, usually behind their house,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2689.61,2693.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they were free to do what they wanted,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2693.0,2694.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to grow vegetables or raise a couple of pigs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2694.83,2698.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's usually been stipulated to be somewhere around 5%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2698.23,2702.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the agricultural land, cultivated land.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2702.82,2707.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's been essentially tripled up to 15%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2707.1,2710.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another important change has been the promotion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2711.51,2714.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of sideline activities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2714.95,2716.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more industrialization but also more cases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2717.93,2720.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of individual households taking on specialized task.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2720.9,2725.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This could be, again, (mumbles) reasons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2725.62,2727.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mentioned orchards, transportation services,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2727.21,2731.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a number of handicrafts and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2731.97,2735.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, what I should do is mention what hasn't really changed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2735.23,2739.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To put this in perspective, we really don't have a case","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2739.55,2742.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of free market capitalism, even though you might be misled","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2742.05,2745.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by some of the headlines the entire time news week","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2745.45,2748.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Wall Street Journal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2748.65,2749.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But nonetheless, there's still very significant constraints.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2749.483,2752.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One is that the government still plans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2752.1,2755.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what each team's production quota is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2755.02,2757.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So this team of 10 to 15 people will still have to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2757.78,2762.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a team, produce so many say, tons of rice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=2762.19,2766.313"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22909/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/909/original/AV203396_Economic_and_Social_Change_in_Post_Mao_China_a.vtt?1613512187","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/909/original/AV203396_Economic_and_Social_Change_in_Post_Mao_China_a.vtt?1613512187"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22910","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203396_Economic_and_Social_Change_in_Post_Mao_China_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824/transcript/22910/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- This microphone is working. I'd like to welcome you tonight. I'm Jane Adams from the department of economics and the committee on lectures. It's my pleasure to introduce tonight's speaker who is Fred Hershey. Dr. Hershey received his PhD degree in 1976 from the University of Illinois, where he specialized in the study of the Chinese economy. Currently, he is associate professor of economics at Indiana University of South Bend, where most of his research concerns the Chinese economy. Most relevant to tonight's lecture, are his experiences last year as senior Fulbright lecture at Nanjing University in the People's Republic of China. The topic for tonight's lecture is economic and social change in post-modern China. Following the lecture, Dr. Hershey will take questions from the audience. Before beginning the lecture tonight though, I'd like to announce that tomorrow afternoon, Dr. Hershey will participate in a panel discussion on China's real responsibility system. The other panelists will be Peter Calkins, who is an agricultural economist at Iowa state and Schuman Juan, who is an Iowa State sociologist who will be working in China next year. The seminar tomorrow is at 4:10 p.m in room 160, Heady Hall. You're all welcome to attend if you'd like to do so. Tomorrow's lecture as tonight's lecture is sponsored by the Lectures Committee, which is funded by GSB. It's also co-sponsored by the graduate college and a number of departments around the university, including the departments of economics, history, sociology, political science, agronomy, animal science and dairy science. Now, please help me in welcoming Dr. Hershey.\r\n\r\n- Before I begin, I wanted to make one qualification, and that is, I saw the, one of the posters announcing tonight's lecture, and I wanna know that while I think there are significant changes in China in the last few years, Chinese are not walking around waving dollar bills just yet. Maybe cokes, but not dollar bills. Before I get going, let me just say one special word of introduction, and that is that I feel some special ties to Iowa State. My association with professor Dean Adams really goes back to our days in graduate school almost 15 years ago, at the time that I was beginning my formal study of China and Chinese economy. And more recently, I became acquainted with professor Brown Leach in the English department, who was also a Fulbright professor last year. And we had several occasions to get together to exchange our experiences and ideas about China. And also one other contact is that Jenn, Kathleen, Boos, who are also professors in the English department here, came across them during travels between semesters in Kunming and spent a day traveling around Kunming. So that as large as China and as large as United States is, there are these occasions where people come together in different situations at different times since whether. Anyway, when I was preparing my remarks for this evening, I felt that I really had to address two issues. The obvious one of course is, what have been the policy changes since the late 1970s? And probably more importantly, what have been the actual changes in Chinese lives that have occurred over this period? And largely from my perspective, being in China and the people that I came into contact with. But another issue that I think that needs to be addressed, and that is what I perceive as a very significant change in the tone and orientation of American analysis and description of China, of the Chinese economy of Chinese society. For the past two years or so, there's been a number of writing both by journalists and scholars, that present a picture of China much different than what we read or heard about in the 1970's. And so, what I wanna do tonight, first of all, is to look at this reassessment, if you will, of China, and try to get at some of the causes of it. And then go on to what I think or at least the five of significant changes in recent years in the Chinese economy. And those five would be, the implementation of Agricultural Responsibility System, the One Child's Family and population control, the improvement in living standards both in the city and the countryside, reforming higher education, and finally, relations with foreigners. And if I had to come up with an alternative title for this presentation, rather than social and economic change in post-modern China, what I think I might say is the gray areas, reading China between the lines. And the reason I say that is that in the past, I think and possibly today, China is seen as either all bad or wonderfully good. There's nothing in between that either once for China or once against China. And this view is really helped, I should say, by the Chinese themselves, as we go through various cycles and different \"administrations,\" if you will, who present things in much that way. Mao accuse Deng Xiaoping of being and Deng Xiaoping talks about the \"Ten Lost Years,\" the Cultural Revolution. And what I think though, looking at China like most societies, it's not black and white, it's really a lot of areas of gray. China is very, very complex, and what I hope to try to convey to you, is just some of the complexities of trying to understand China and also what goes on in China. So anyway, let me first of all, go on to this point about changing American viewpoints on China. You know, it seems like Americans have always been very busy about clearing up misconceptions about China, is that one at one period, we developed new truths to replace the myths that we formerly thought we had, only to find out tomorrow that yesterday's truths are an illusion. And so we find a cycle almost of cynicism and euphoria about China. And it's just not something that's recent, it probably goes all the way back in the post 1949 period. And if you, for instance, if you look at the prevailing view in the 1970s, it was one, a profound fascination with China, and many Americans, and again, I wanna speak primarily from American viewpoint when I make these contrasts, is that many Americans looked at Chinese values, egalitarianism, selfishness of community as being something very worthwhile, especially looked at in comparison with what they thought were some values of United States of competitiveness, of individuality and so forth. We go on though to the 1980s and in recent years, we get an entirely different view. The view today is one of disillusionment and disappointment. Disillusion and disappointed that the Chinese really haven't done what they say they've done, and that somehow we may have been misled or certainly confused. I wanna go through some of these, some examples of this contrast between '70s and the '80s. The first one is if we look at in the 1970s, again we can trace it, let's say from Nixon's visit in '72, through probably '79 and 1980, the view was one of egalitarianism and the promotional welfare of all Chinese citizens. We saw China is providing adequate standard of living for all of her citizens. Basic nutrition, healthcare education, were provided for all, for peasants, for urban resonance, for leaders and for the lead. And in its most extreme views, we have people telling us that China has no slums, there is no poverty in China, no crime in China. Well, if we look at the reports that are coming out today, and many of these, even if you don't follow China that clearly, you may have heard about Fox Butterfield, the former New York Times correspondent in Peking, writing \"China: Alive in the Bitter Sea.\" Richard Bernstein, the former Time correspondent, writing the same, and the most recent one you may have heard about, Steven Mosher spoke on Rural Chinese. And what, the few that comes out now, and again, looking at not only in the present day China, but going back in the '70s, is not this egalitarian society, but one of great disparities in income, in particular, disparities in income between the leaders and the lead, between the officials and the workers. We read about not stability but inflation in the economy, about unemployment, especially in urban areas and essentially, about inefficiency throughout the entire economy. So that's one contrast. Another one is that in the 1970s, we had a view of China as being participatory and a populous society, and that we saw Chinese leaders trying to bridge the gap between citizens and leaders. And we saw that, this especially during the cultural revolution period, where various institutional means were attempted to bring about a wide participation. One person who's written a lot about this is, who's been here, is John Gurley. And you may have heard him mention some of these concepts, but we, during the cultural revolution period, from the late '60s into the late, mid 1970s, you read about May Seventh Schools were urban intellectuals and university professors went down to be educated by the peasants. We heard about revolutionary committees at all levels of institutions in China, enterprises, universities, and so forth, trying to bring about a widespread participation in the basic decisions that affected those institutions. Okay, but what we read about now, again, from Butterfield and others in the lot of scholarly work, is not one of exercising popular control over the bureaucracy, but what we read is about the status and par of the officials. We read about the special privileges that government cutters, slipping into a Chinese cadres, and have read about their better food, better housing, access to resort areas. And we see that the... On the other hand, the extent of petty corruption to gain access to decisions, find the common notion of going through the back door, of using one's personal connections to get around the bureaucracy. You've got a much different view from what went on before. Still another example would be, and I'm certainly guilty of this one and possibly some of the other ones, is that in the 1970s, we looked at China and saw the Chinese nation as a center of harmony, of dedication, of unity, of vigor, that the Chinese had common goals and we're striving to reach those. And we looked at and talked about political sessions to the communist party, organizing people generally at their work units to study the political line, and we talked about that as the efforts of the administration to get a consensus on what the goals and objectives and values for society would be. Well, what we find now, reading the literature, is something much different. We find that it's not a sense of unity, but rather people are apathetic, people are cynical Chinese, that is, that there doesn't seem to be a commitment to socialistic goals as there were before. The Chinese are more concerned about \"getting rich\" than anything else. And then, it's still another example of these comparisons, is it, if we look at the analysis of the cultural revolution is terribly important, and during the period of the cultural revolution, the one very common trend or thought was to look at Chairman Mao as almost a philosopher King. And Mao was a poet, statesman, sage, strategist, who was attempting to wrestle with the most profound social and economic issues within the egalitarian model, egalitarian solution. And we saw from that viewpoint, that the cultural revolution was the most important and innovative example of this Mao's approach, to trying to break down the barriers in China, between urban residents and the countryside, between the educated and the uneducated. Well, what we find now is a view much different. We read on New York Times, Roosevelt wrote a piece in New York Times and Sunday magazine quite some time ago, and essentially said that cultural revolution was a period of lunatic destruction. And he compared Mao to Hitler Stalin, and of all people, Pol Pot. We read Fox Butterfield and relate stories to us about the 100 plus million people that were affected by the cultural revolution. And what he means by affected is either physically or mentally, were injured in some way. And he estimates that 400 to 800,000 people died. And we look at the Chinese themselves, Deng Xiaoping talking about the 10 disastrous years, the \"Ten Lost Years.\" And as you're reading the hype surrounding Reagan's trip to China this week, that notion is coming up. Once again, it's a very frequently quoted piece that we see in our media, okay. And then finally, one last example is that during 1970s, we looked at China as a model of social, economic development. That there was a notion that under communist rule, that there had been a record of significant and almost unique, economic and social advancement. But what we find in the 1980s is something much different. When we find the analysis, is that China as a model of development may not be all that worthy for others to follow even selectively, and that we look at China now, looking at available information and data on the Chinese economy, compare it to the pronouncements of the leaders and find that there's great shortcomings. Or what we find is somebody like Nick Eberstadt, who did a comparative study of China, looking at a number of social economic measures, and found that China has made significant improvements in nutrition and equality and rights of women in healthcare. But that it really wasn't all that unusual, and a matter of fact, China really placed middle of the developing Asian nations. So they certainly weren't superior to all, So we're getting quite a different view. So, anyway, so if this is... I hope can give you a general notion of kinda changing focus that we now have on China. And the question then is, why has it come about? Well, obviously, one of the reasons that came about, is that there have been changes in China and Chinese are talking about some of these same things themselves. But there's more to it than that, and I think that part of the explanation for this transformation that's taking place in the American analysis, isn't changes that have occurred in the United States. And there's three that I think that are most significant. One is that there's been a change in the political and intellectual climate in United States. During the course of the 1970s, at least among many American academic people, there was a questioning of basic Western liberal values, if you will, values of individual rights, of justice, consumerism, of basic freedoms. And we saw China as a society of values that were more attractive at the time, egalitarianism, populism, and so forth. And what's happened though, and we see it everywhere, of course, is in the last several years, that there's been a fundamental change, not only among American academics but others, and we can just look to the rise of Ronald Reagan as an expression of changing political intellectual sentiment. And that has, I think, influenced our view of China. is that now we seem to favor, once again, we, I'm speaking in the generic for American intellectuals, anyway, have seen China are seeing those westerns values is something worthwhile of individual rights, of human rights, of personal expression democracy, and so forth. And so we come to apply those Western values, once again, to China. And it's more, it goes beyond just a change in the climate, and it kinda gets at a transformation of the basic assumptions we use to evaluate China. And I know that when I was in China, in confronting these things on a day-to-day basis, I came up across a number of these all the time. The first one is that in the 1970s, we thought that it was inappropriate to use Western norms and standards to evaluate the Chinese, that somehow because of the Cold World War period, the rhetoric and images and so forth that had developed then that what we had to do or what we did was to greatly underestimate Chinese accomplishments, greatly exaggerate their failures and so, way to correct the situation was to use the standards the Chinese established for themselves, egalitarianism, collectivist and ideas in general. Now, I think what happens when the changes that occur, is that we now say that maybe we were incorrect in doing that, and that it's appropriate to apply standards of human rights and so forth to the Chinese and to evaluate the Chinese on that basis. Another assumption that we made during the 1970s, was in somehow the Chinese were different. That the Chinese didn't have the same aspirations as we do living in liberal Western society. And If that was the case, then we couldn't apply those values to them. And essentially had two aspects to it. There was a notion that the Chinese as a poor society, were most concerned with economic advancement and that violations of individual liberties were of much less importance to the question of economic advancement. And in a more particular sense, we more or less had the notion that the Chinese really didn't have a tradition of privacy, of individualism, of personal rights, and that, and so why hold those up to evaluate their performance as a society, as an economy. But what we do and what we find now is to say, we see it in the writing, is it, maybe the Chinese really aren't that different from us and that notions of personal liberties and so forth, are important. And we see examples of this during the Hundred Flowers Campaign much earlier, but more recently, the democracy movement a few years ago, giving us indication that really underneath all this, there are those yearnings that we can identify to. And so we then start looking at China from that particular perspective. And then finally, what we did was to... During the 1970s, to say that, what the Chinese should be evaluated on, were the goals of the leaders that we saw Mao's goals as being very worthy goals that I've been mentioning, and that we should evaluate China on those basis. And it was almost at the point where if the Chinese said that women held up half the sky, well then, women obviously are equal in China. And that if the Chinese policy makers say that the mass line should prevail, that is, participation from the bottom, well, then in fact, it must prevail. Well, what we're doing now is we change that and say, no, what we really should do, maybe taking cues from the Chinese, Deng Xiaoping and say, well, let's look at the facts. You know, how have they really done? And we have kinda changed that assumption of looking at China. One of that's one, I think, explanation for this change. Another one is that China has certainly changed in its role, in the role that applies in American foreign policy. And I think China's role in American foreign policy had some impact upon the way we viewed China in the 1970s. In the 1970s, it was of course the period of Vietnam. It was also the period of US-Sino rapprochement in the late 1970s, and that this created a wellspring of goodwill and positive views towards Chinese, towards China. But now we look at it in the context of the early 1980s, and we see that the war is over, that we have relations with the Chinese and that the antiwar rationale and the logic of detente, no longer are the force shaping our ideas since they were before. And furthermore, what we've come to realize is that there're certain limits in the political relationship with China. We see that there are limits on the amount of foreign trade that we can have, and it's still a great deal of controversy over that. We see there are limits on the Taiwan issue. There will be limits or there are limits on the question of Hong Kong. And so we see that these, there are international limits. And if we can question international limits, well, then we say, maybe, well then we can, can we also question some of the domestic limits within China? Finally, I think a third and possibly one of the most important explanations of this changing assessment, is just the terms in which Westerners, Americans in particular, have come to know about China. During the height of the cultural revolution in the late 1960s, early, very early 1970s, our information about China came from the official Chinese press or newspapers, or wall posters from Red Guards. We had Chinese specialist sitting in Hong Kong and essentially, relying upon those two sources as the basis of their information, and we got some of the viewpoints that I mentioned. Things began to change in the middle of 1970s and the door opens up a bit and a few Americans come in, and then some in this audience, including myself. And it's a period that Harry Harding refers to as \"revolutionary tourism.\" And I can remember going to China in 1979, which is kinda at the tail end of this period, and going in for two or three-week tour and coming away with quite a positive view in the sense that the tour was organized very efficiently. I mean, we really got a lot out of it for what we put in. Things went smoothly. Everything was well coordinated. We saw model, communes and model schools. Everyone, and we saw lots of smiling faces and clean streets, and that change, that affected our perspective. And I can remember coming away in 1979 with a view. Well, you know, the view that... the dominant view that I had at that time is that, I was greatly impressed by the dedication of the Chinese I met there, to the goal of modernizing. And I was really struck by looking at American society and seeing the diversity of opinion on what are the primary goals and objectives, and looking at China and say, this is quite uniform almost, acceptance of and dedication to economic advancement. Anyway, that has changed, I think, dramatically, in the last three or four years to a period where Americans in particular and other Westerners are going to China for long periods of time. We're going as teachers, we're going as students, as diplomats, as journalists, as businessmen and women, and we're living in China for a year and two years. And we start seeing a side of China that we could not see, or did not see during a two-week tour in 1979. Start seeing the operation of bureaucracy as it is. We start seeing the restrictions that are put on foreigners in their contacts with Chinese. And that has greatly affected this view. Well, anyway, so, that I think is one particular explanation of this change in the reappraisal. I might mention though before I go on to some of the actual changes, is that I think there have to be some words of caution. When it's reappraisal that goes on, reassessment now, when it's done with, what might be considered to be realistic standards and thoughtfulness, is that I think we really do come away with a much better understanding of what China is, how complex China really is. But when it's done in a sense of cynicism and disdain, then we really get a one-sided view of China that is as extreme as the other one side was during the 1970s. And I think that this is one of the faults with books like Mosher's, Bernstein's and Butterfield's, is that while factually much of that I think is on the mark, nonetheless, there's a cynicism that prevails in the book that colors one's total image. It's comes out as a strictly negative view on China. And so what we have to... The caution I would wanna give you when you're reading about China, is that what we're still doing oftentimes is making the sweeping moral judgments that we did before. That really hasn't changed. Mosher is the same as some of us writing back in 1970s, is that he's sweeping changes about China, in either one way or the other way. Another caution is that at least Americans have a tendency to try to clear up misunderstandings by turning them on its head. And so if during the cold war period we had a view of China that we felt was influenced by cold war rhetoric, we turned the situation on its head and presented an idealized version of China and didn't talk about what the problems, some of the problems might be. And likewise, we take this idealized view that we had in the 1970s and say, well, the way to remedy that, is to turn on its head and, you know, focusing on the very negative aspects of China. And then finally, and the last caution is that one has to be very careful about listening to what the Chinese say themselves. Deng Xiaoping does essentially what Mao did a decade before, and that is it paints the preceding period of paints once opponents in these extremes views of being in opposition. Okay, well, let me go on to, after that discussion, to go on to look at what I think are some of the major changes in China. And one may dispute that I haven't covered all of them, and I would agree with you, there's quite a bit that's going on in China, but I wanted to try to keep this manageable and within a reasonable period of time. Please concentrate on what I thought were the most important ones. I think, probably the most important one is the Agricultural Responsibility System. And before I get into that, let me give you just a few words of background. One is that, unlike the United States, agriculture remains today, the mainstay, the backbone of Chinese society, has it has for thousands of years. Agriculture provides 75% of the employment, provides about 50% of exported goods, 60% of industrial raw materials. It's very, very significant. But on the other hand, during the period from 49 to the present, that agriculture has not had a very high priority in state investment. The Chinese government has not used its revenues to invest in the Chinese countryside, rather that investment has gone into heavy and light industry. And essentially what the Chinese have done and what the responsibility system is a continuation of, is to look at institutional change to bring about economic development. And in that sense, the responsibility system is the same as the commune system. The communes were set up to get a big leap in production by changing the way production was organized. Likewise, in the 1980s, we changed agricultural organization once again, to get a further boost in production. Anyway, let me, first of all, just review what went on before late 1970s, in case you're not familiar with it. That is, the Chinese during the 1950s, went through a period of gradually socializing agriculture. The first effort was a land reform, 49, 50 51, which essentially gave land to the tillers for the most part. And that was followed very shortly by the promotion of elementary forms of cooperation. We have mutual aid teams, 52 and 53, probably much like you find in among Iowa farmers and farmers elsewhere, that at peak season, several families get together and pool their resources. That evolves to elementary forms of cooperation in the mid '50s, where larger numbers, may be three dozen farm families pull their land and capital equipment, farm together, and then income is divided according to one's contribution of labor and capital. And it finally in the communes, which were formed in 1958, which essentially prevail for about 20 years. And what the commune is, it's entirely complex and can't get into the details here, but it was essentially a three-level organization at the top of the hierarchy. Organizational hierarchy was a commune organization itself, which was kinda concerned with providing hospital, maybe a cultural training, college, coordinating, production plans with this ministry of agriculture and so forth. Below that came the production brigade, which manage all small-scale industry, further took the agricultural targets and broke them down even further. They might run schools, health clinics, and so forth. But the foundation of the commune system was the production team, could be 10 to 15 households, which together owned the machinery and equipment and farm together on the directions of a team leader. And income was distributed on the basis of generally, work points associated with time put in to production. Anyway, this forming the communes in 1958 was done because the Chinese saw that they could make tremendous leaps forwards in production in a very short period of time. Essentially, what the Chinese were arguing is that by mobilizing labor resources, even if there was no capital, that they could greatly expand the output, not realizing that diminishing returns sets in very rapidly sometimes. Anyway, what we will look back upon the commune period, and this was the view prevailing in the late 1970s. It said, \"sure, there were certain accomplishments that the communes were very good about mobilizing rural resources in particular labor for labor-intensive construction projects.\" And anyone who's been to China always is amazed by the irrigation and the terracing that is going on. And the Chinese have made tremendous strides in the irrigation, that roughly 50% farmland now is irrigated. The other major accomplishment is that the communes and the commune system was able to start industrialization in the countryside, roughly 1 million enterprises by the late 1970s, employing 17 million people or so. 17 million out of population in the countryside of 800 million isn't very much, but nonetheless, it was a start. But the problems that were troubling, I'm sure Deng Xiaoping and others, is that throughout this period, from 57 to the late '70s, is that agriculture grew relatively slowly in the neighborhood of two or 3%. And when you compare that with a population growth rate of two to 3% during that period, agriculture essentially, production essentially, kept up with the population and really didn't result in improving living standard for the countryside. And another problem was that it was excessive amount of stress put on producing grain. And so while there was modest improvement in grain production, rice and wheat primarily, production of soy beans and cotton and so forth, really stagnated. And then finally, and this is maybe the key to it, is that while the Chinese probably saw that the material base was there for production, that we had developed an elementary system of transportation and irrigation and terracing, nonetheless, there were serious problems of disincentives. And there were three basic reasons for these disincentives. One was that the prices that the farmers had to pay for inputs, fertilizer, machinery, was relatively high when you compare to industrial and rural prices. On the other hand, the prices that the government was paying the peasants for rice and wheat, was relatively low. And finally, the major criticism, was that there was very little link between one's work effort and one's reward That work points had become fairly routine, and really didn't reflect oftentimes, much more than showing up. It didn't reflect how hard one worked. And so it was in with this background that the change came about. And essentially, what the Agricultural Responsibility System does, is to reduce collective control over farm management and increase the role of individuals and in particular, households. And, if you look at the period from 78 to 1983, you find many different forms. And it was really a period of experimentation and a couple of promises and such one on way and 78 and 79, and gradually spreading to the rest of the country. And it's a fairly unique, well, I don't know, unique, but very interesting experience for a political scientist to study because it was a situation where the high party officials, Deng Xiaoping in particular, supported the reform efforts in the experimentation, peasants seemed to support those, but there was a lot of resistance at the lower echelon of a party in the cadres. Anyway, what eventually comes out is a system, they say, Agricultural Responsibility System, where instead of having a household belong to a team and work as a team with 10 or 15 families, is that the family can work for itself within some pretty significant constraints, I think. Essentially, what happens is household sign contracts to produce a certain amount of output. They meet their quota, they can either keep their output or sell it on the market. Now, there's many different kinds of responsibility systems. It kinda depends upon the natural conditions where the farmers live. You put, it can generally be broken down into two groups. One, is management by task, and that is just simply where an individual, a small group of households or mainly just a household, is given a particular task, watching a herd of cows or maintaining the fisheries, and in return for carrying out that particular function, are given certain number of work points. And then, how much has worth of income depends upon how much the production team earns as a whole and the total number of work points. The other kind of responsibility system is where once income is directly tied to output. And again, this has been done on individual basis, hassle basis and group basis. But essentially, what's what happens is that, let's take it for an individual household and it seems to be a predominant form, right now, is that a household will sign a contract with a production team to meet a certain quota of output. Once the quota is fulfilled, then the output that remains can be disposed off as they want Now, and there's a couple of variations here. Sometimes, for me meeting a quota, a household was given work points, but what has eventually evolved at least in 1983, is that essentially what households are told is that they had to provide for the agricultural tax that the team has to pay. That they have to pay, they have to provide a part of output for the welfare fund at the team level, and also they have to provide for a part of the share of the teams quota from the state ministry of agriculture, and after that, they can do whatever they want. And if they wanna produce more of the same crop, that's fine, if they wanna grow something else, that's okay. And then they can use this, the surplus again for their own income. Now, that has gone along with some other changes that, let me just briefly mention, one is that there was a price reform in 1979. Remember I said, part of the problems in the countryside were high prices for industrial products, low prices for agricultural products. 1979 industrial goods for the countryside were lowered. I think the neighborhood of 10 to 15%, and prices paid to farmers increased fairly substantially. The amount of grain that the farmers have to sell to the state at the quota price was raised about 25%. The price for above quota sales, the state was increased from, it was increased by about 20% or so over what it had been. In addition to that, there's been expansion of private family plots. I didn't mention before when I was talking about Chinese agriculture, is that except for a few brief periods, Chinese farmers have always had a small plot, either behind, usually behind their house, where they were free to do what they wanted, to grow vegetables or raise a couple of pigs. And that's usually been stipulated to be somewhere around 5% of the agricultural land, cultivated land. That's been essentially tripled up to 15%. Another important change has been the promotion of sideline activities, more industrialization but also more cases of individual households taking on specialized task. This could be, again, reasons. I mentioned orchards, transportation services, a number of handicrafts and so forth. Now, what I should do is mention what hasn't really changed. To put this in perspective, we really don't have a case of free market capitalism, even though you might be misled by some of the headlines the entire time news week and the Wall Street Journal. But nonetheless, there's still very significant constraints. One is that the government still plans what each team's production quota is. So this team of 10 to 15 people will still have to, as a team, produce so many say, tons of rice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105824#t=0.0,2772.048"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - AV203396_Economic_and_Social_Change_in_Post_Mao_China_b.mp3"]},"duration":2487.192,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/105/825/small/lecture.png?1613512190","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/105/825/original/AV203396_Economic_and_Social_Change_in_Post_Mao_China_b.mp3?1613512190","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":2487.192,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203396_Economic_and_Social_Change_in_Post_Mao_China_b.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e That in the cities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=5.23,6.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's no very little freedom to modify cropping plans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=6.91,11.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What the team does in order to use the capital equipment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=13.9,16.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is available in the most efficient manner generally,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=16.47,18.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we'll specify when planning and harvesting times are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=18.64,21.539"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the best use of the machinery.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=21.539,24.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's no land buying and selling,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=24.75,27.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"except that I've heard just, this is unofficial information.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=28.44,33.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I received a letter from a friend in China who said","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=33.84,36.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that spare meeting with a situation of farmers who","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=36.09,41.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"aren't doing very good renting their land to other farmers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=42.12,45.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which would be a significant change,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=45.5,47.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but still no land buying or selling.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=47.77,50.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And furthermore important in many respects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=50.03,52.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and said, farmers can't move there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=52.95,55.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for all practical purposes stuck","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=55.24,58.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the village in which they're born,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=58.05,59.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"except for women who may move","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=59.92,62.177"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the next village when they get married.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=62.177,63.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But that might be the extent of migration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=63.64,66.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, if we look at the result of this is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=66.75,70.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there have been significant improvements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=70.67,73.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that grain production increased","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=73.69,76.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a rate of 89% the last couple of years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=76.86,79.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"compared with that 2% or 3% that I mentioned before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=79.69,82.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But most importantly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=82.57,83.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what we find is not the grain is improved in so much,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=83.66,86.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but other products in particular,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=86.15,89.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cotton and various kinds of oil crops swiping","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=89.42,92.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and peanuts have an increasing at a rate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=92.03,95.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of about 25% a year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=95.37,97.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so what we find is that the it cost output now is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=97.47,100.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"increasing about 5% to 6%,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=100.34,103.031"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is, may not sound much compared to 2% or 3% before,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=103.031,107.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but compounds over time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=107.24,109.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that will result in very significant advances.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=109.1,112.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But again, if you weigh it against industrial output,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=112.01,114.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is increasing a 10% is still puts a culture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=114.29,117.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a certain context.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=117.36,120.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another one, let me go on to another change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=120.61,124.271"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is population control.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=124.271,126.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You probably know that the Chinese have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=126.88,129.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a very severe population control program that at one time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=129.31,134.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a few years ago, '78, '79 and 1980,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=134.12,137.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the goal was to lower the population growth rate from 1.2%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=137.61,141.126"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to 0.5% by 1985 and to zero by the year 2000.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=141.126,145.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, again, a few words of background is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=146.94,149.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Chinese didn't start population control","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=149.793,152.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1978 with Deng Xiaoping ,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=152.89,155.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it really goes back a long period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=155.35,157.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you look at the decade before 1950,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=157.72,160.152"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"population growth, wasn't a problem in China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=160.152,163.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the population growth rate in China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=163.84,165.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the annual population growth rate was 1/5 of 1%,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=165.69,169.557"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"high death rates, lots of wars, famines and everything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=169.557,173.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And even though the birth rate was very high,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=173.77,175.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the death rate was nearly as high","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=175.33,177.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we had a check malthusian check more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=177.38,180.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or less on population growth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=180.23,182.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but after the founding the PRC,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=182.97,186.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was a dramatic drop in the death rate under","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=186.76,191.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Communists Instituted Basic Nutrition and Healthcare,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=191.61,195.521"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"death rates dropped down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=195.521,197.811"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birth rates remained the same","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=197.811,200.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all of a sudden we have a population problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=200.08,202.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so that by '52 '53,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=202.57,205.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the population growth rate is 2%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=205.81,208.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were feeble attempts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=208.53,209.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to start a population control program in the mid 50s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=209.55,213.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it was primarily seen as a 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was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=369.97,373.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the 1950 marriage law,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=373.69,375.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also says two important 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duty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=391.22,394.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And furthermore it's sets out that younger generations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=394.14,399.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are responsible for the care of older generations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=399.835,403.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meaning that children have to provide","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=403.58,406.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for their retired 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well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=414.79,415.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just sat together looking at the responsibility system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=415.74,418.846"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the family planning system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=418.846,421.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I think one of the consequences,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=421.33,423.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think this is one of the gray areas,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=423.27,425.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think the greatest area in China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=425.03,427.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that is the impact of these programs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=427.89,430.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the role of peasant women.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=430.79,433.746"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think this is probably","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=433.746,436.179"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the single most important problem facing China now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=436.179,441.179"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I don't wanna exaggerate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=441.81,445.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it's a time bomb the countryside,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=445.05,446.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there's very serious consequences there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=446.77,450.418"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that have been coming up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=450.418,452.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you look at the positive side of what's going on in terms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=452.39,455.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of women in the countryside,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=455.69,457.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and again, we're talking about the countryside","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=457.71,458.872"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with 80% of the population.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=458.872,461.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we're not talking about situation like the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=461.03,464.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One, if you remember that people can't move","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=464.61,467.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and two, that there is no pension system in the countryside.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=467.61,471.207"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this puts what I say in perspective,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=471.207,473.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you look at the positive side of what's been going on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=473.58,476.248"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is it as I'll mention,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=476.248,477.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just very briefly incomes rising fairly dramatically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=477.77,482.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the countryside.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=482.36,483.502"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And to the extent of the family's income increases,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=483.502,485.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the women's income increases,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=485.59,487.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there should be more amenities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=487.62,489.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"better food and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=489.63,491.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To the extent that husbands get sideline jobs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=491.413,496.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get to take care of the fisheries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=497.7,499.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get a job in the factory,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=499.09,500.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"women kinda responsible for farming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=500.75,503.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I remember one case that I came across","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=503.31,506.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as it was one of the model cases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=506.09,507.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and revolutionary tourism was still taking place in 1983,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=507.95,511.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it was a case where it was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=511.4,514.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this very fluent Chinese peasant family","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=514.07,517.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that had just built this big new home","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=517.21,519.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and had a new radio and a tape recorder","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=519.16,521.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and even a television set.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=521.85,523.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it was a case where husband had gotten a job","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=523.58,526.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a village factory, and the woman was responsible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=526.27,530.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the plot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=530.82,532.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She was the responsible person","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=532.69,535.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and was making more money than her husband,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=535.11,537.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"certainly an exception to the law in China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=537.29,542.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also, if you looked at her, I guess their age was at 14,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=542.46,546.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she was 30 years old.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=546.71,548.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it was not an easy life, but nonetheless,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=549.3,552.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were making high income.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=552.37,554.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The other positive thing is that opening up sidelines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=554.03,557.098"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the countryside,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=557.098,559.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"give women greater opportunities for earning income.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=559.61,563.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But to the negative side,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=563.5,564.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think this is where the serious consequences are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=564.52,568.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What essentially happens","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=569.452,570.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the agricultural responsibility system is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=570.86,572.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to diminish the role of socialization welfare services","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=572.99,577.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the countryside.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=578.474,580.174"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And not that there were widespread childcare centers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=580.174,584.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pension plans, and so forth before, but nonetheless,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=584.5,588.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what they call social responsibility system does is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=588.5,590.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to pretty well making possible for these things to develop.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=590.57,594.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what you have essentially is that women","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=594.67,598.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the countryside live a double day.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=598.46,601.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Women work in the fields during the day,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=601.35,604.211"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in the very early mornings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=604.211,606.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and evenings do their family job, if you will.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=606.8,611.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think if you want an example of this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=612.02,614.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you read the Mosher's book on rural women,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=614.95,618.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he has a perfect example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=618.34,619.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Perfect a lot of examples actually, but,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=619.56,621.818"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so one of the problems is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=621.818,623.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that a tremendous burden has been placed on women.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=623.77,627.778"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's not placed on men,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=627.778,630.138"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chinese men do not come home and wash the dishes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=630.138,635.138"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and sew the clothing, and so forth, it's the women","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=635.68,638.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and men oftentimes will have a leisurely,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=638.88,643.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a smoke or a conversation with their friends,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=644.41,647.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they're not working till 9:00 or 10:00 at night.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=647.33,650.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another one is that what essentially has happened is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=650.99,654.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that childbirth has become a publicly controlled decision,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=654.893,659.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with publicly controlled enforcement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=659.223,663.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so what you have occurring the countryside is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=663.27,667.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the one hand increasing the private sector,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=667.09,672.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the extent that there's greater household participation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=672.24,675.352"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in production.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=675.352,676.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the other hand, you have increasing public control,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=676.96,679.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this case, public control of the size of the family","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=679.94,684.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and childbearing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=685.06,686.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another problem, and these are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=688.08,691.697"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the ones you've probably most familiar with,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=691.697,694.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that what's happened in recent years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=694.7,698.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that in trying to bring the population growth down,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=698.71,702.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I should've mentioned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=702.35,703.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the population growth did fall dramatically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=703.183,705.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the 1970s from about 2% down to 1.2%,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=705.87,709.738"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in the last few years, it started to tick back up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=709.738,711.522"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's about, let's say 1.4% now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=711.522,713.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what you have now is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=713.98,715.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the government officials in the countryside,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=715.6,719.717"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now have built into their evaluation system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=722.112,726.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of their performance and the accounting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=726.58,728.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of how well the production teams","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=728.74,731.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in their area do population control.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=731.71,734.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so in one example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=734.13,735.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I saw a Norwegian province,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=735.93,737.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a government official could earn a possible 800 points,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=737.56,741.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which would pin upon how much income that person earned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=741.67,744.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And 100 of those 800 points dealt with if the area","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=744.7,749.398"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the village made a population control or not in quote.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=749.398,753.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you can imagine the pressure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=754.54,755.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that this leads to cadres putting pressure on women.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=755.9,760.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And again, Steve Mosher's book is probably","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=762.58,764.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the best example of this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=764.53,766.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of involuntary abortion, sometimes eighth month,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=766.06,771.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"involuntary sterilization women.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=772.888,775.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And also again, Mosher is very good","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=776.813,778.887"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about this particular point about the ideological work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=778.887,782.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's done to convince women to have an abortion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=782.59,786.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that essentially bringing pregnant women","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=786.69,789.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into public meetings, 10 to 20 times if necessary,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=789.43,794.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to convince them to have an abortion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=794.15,797.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Finally, another serious concern is that what we find","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=798.183,801.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"too essentially, is that families,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=801.96,804.679"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"men and in-laws are punishing women","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=804.679,808.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for having the wrong reproduction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=808.9,811.221"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If a woman has in particular, a young girl baby,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=811.221,816.221"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we hear about cases of female and pan aside,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=816.821,820.395"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we hear about cases of wife beating abandonment, divorce.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=820.395,825.395"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These have all been well reported,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=827.195,829.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I don't need to go into any more detail.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=829.21,832.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay. To go on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=832.46,834.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay. To another major change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=834.35,836.666"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm already see that I'm at the end of the time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=836.666,839.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I'd spent for this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=839.12,840.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I had allocated myself before questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=840.21,842.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So these I have to go through this next couple","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=842.34,845.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of points fairly quickly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=845.54,846.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One I wanted to talk about was improvement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=846.81,849.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in living standards in the countryside,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=849.21,852.262"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it has been fairly dramatic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=852.262,853.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chinese peasants have essentially doubled their income","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=853.89,857.336"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from 1979, 1983, a doubling of income four or five years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=857.336,862.336"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"four years is very significant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=863.984,867.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But remember that even in 1983,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=867.95,870.844"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the per capita income of a Chinese peasant was $150 a year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=870.844,875.844"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"$12 a month.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=877.595,880.125"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay. What has happened?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=880.125,882.179"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What have the Chinese peasants done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=882.179,884.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with this additional income?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=884.58,886.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Clearly new housing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=886.31,888.148"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you look at the statistics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=888.148,889.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Chinese are increasing housing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=889.66,891.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the countryside there is like 5% or 6%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=891.32,894.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you're in wealthy areas, as I was Guangzhou province,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=894.76,898.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the rate has to approach 10%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=898.03,901.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what essentially the Chinese do is to run out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=901.84,903.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and build a new house as soon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=903.89,905.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as they have additional income.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=905.32,907.547"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The other thing you find is that there hasn't been much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=907.547,910.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of an improvement in grain consumption","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=910.37,913.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or vegetable consumption,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=913.573,916.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there's been an increase in meat consumption.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=916.12,919.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now to give you an idea of what was like in 1983,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=919.35,921.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be a peasant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=921.91,923.476"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me give you, if you were a Chinese peasant,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=923.476,926.179"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you would have about 11 pounds of rice a week to eat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=926.179,930.771"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You would have about five pounds of vegetables.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=930.771,935.139"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You would have about 1/3 of a pound of meat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=935.139,937.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So even though there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=937.87,939.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has been relatively dramatic improvement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=939.233,940.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in meat consumption,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=940.41,941.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's still not much more than 1/4 pound.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=941.69,944.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The other changes have been in consumer durables,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=946.46,948.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a doubling in the rate of bicycle ownership,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=948.88,951.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doubling the rate of radios,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=951.683,954.345"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doubling in the rate of watches.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=954.345,957.481"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if you compare what peasants have with city residents,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=957.481,960.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's 1/10 respective rates.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=960.363,965.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think the best thing to clarify what's going on is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=965.459,969.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I had this comment made to me in visiting communist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=969.673,974.632"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The peasants hoped","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=974.632,976.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that equal responsibility system will last for five years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=976.09,979.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And after that, they weren't so 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appointment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1168.81,1171.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that no labor was required of students or faculty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1172.9,1177.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you can have courses in english and math","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1178.878,1182.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and economic planning, business management.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1182.62,1184.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The students I taught were in the world economy group,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1184.76,1187.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is the equivalent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1187.99,1189.617"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of comparative becoming assistants here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1189.617,1191.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have courses in Western Economic Theory,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1191.36,1193.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was Samuelson's 8th Edition translated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1193.21,1196.567"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They had questions in economic history","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1196.567,1199.997"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of capitalist countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1199.997,1201.397"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The students in economic management essentially,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1201.397,1203.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our business management were taking courses","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1203.78,1205.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in managerial economics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1205.99,1207.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is as far as I can tell would be very similar","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1207.84,1212.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Managerial Economic books in the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1212.08,1215.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's night time courses, TV courses, so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1215.55,1220.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Relations with foreigners was another point again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1225.033,1228.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just mentioned that and we go on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1228.0,1232.998"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me just tick off things that haven't changed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1232.998,1236.582"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"China is not democracy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1236.582,1239.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"China is not a free market economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1239.79,1242.798"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is no very little individual expression,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1242.798,1246.744"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Xenophobia still exists.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1246.744,1250.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The party is still dominant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1250.06,1252.542"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"While Deng Xiaoping may,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1252.542,1255.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will accept some market influences in the economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1255.61,1259.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You certainly doesn't grant political liberties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1259.38,1262.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and freedoms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1262.3,1263.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Political campaigns still go on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1264.58,1267.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was one, Anti-Spiritual Pollution,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1267.09,1268.682"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just a couple of months ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1268.682,1270.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The role of sex among Chinese youth is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1270.96,1275.351"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by practically any standard in America is intolerable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1275.351,1280.351"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And regardless of your religious values,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1280.48,1283.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's still a centralized society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1283.07,1284.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, let me kinda stop and skip my conclusion too,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1286.14,1290.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I want to leave time for plenty of questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1290.53,1293.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me just conclude with a brief comment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1293.32,1296.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is that I wanted to convey to you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1296.41,1299.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that things have changed in China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1299.89,1303.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in China is neither all good now or all bad,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1303.29,1306.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"depending upon your perspective.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1306.13,1308.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's still insignificant disparities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1308.13,1309.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between peasants and workers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1311.03,1313.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"disparities between university professors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1313.12,1315.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and factory workers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1315.41,1316.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's disparities between leaders in the lead","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1316.81,1320.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and improvements are coming, but they're coming slowly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1322.131,1327.131"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that, we shouldn't really expect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1327.27,1329.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that overnight within a period of four or five years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1329.92,1333.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there can be a radical change in society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1333.3,1337.321"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Changes have been put in motion that may or may not continue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1337.321,1341.745"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if Deng Xiaoping would suddenly die.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1341.745,1344.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he's nearly 80 years old,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1344.96,1347.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is somewhat questionable about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1347.07,1348.185"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the momentum of the current changes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1348.185,1351.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I guess I would argue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1351.65,1352.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there's significant support among peasants","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1352.49,1356.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and among certain elements in the cities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1358.76,1361.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there would not be a reversal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1361.25,1362.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to what we saw during the cultural revolution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1362.59,1366.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But nonetheless, if Deng Xiaoping did not last much longer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1366.11,1371.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there well could be a lot of infighting among","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1371.312,1374.841"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the remaining leaders that would result","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1374.841,1378.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a slow down the momentum.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1378.58,1380.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then the reversal a few of the trends.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1380.89,1383.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, let me stop there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1383.06,1384.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm sorry. I took as long as I did","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1384.13,1386.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I had to rush through a few points,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1386.2,1388.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I would be very happy to take any questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1388.59,1391.194"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was one question before I started in that was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1391.194,1393.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about Hong Kong. I think that's off limits.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1393.84,1396.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Can I ask a question?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1402.76,1403.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1403.88,1404.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I hear that (speaking faintly) pressure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1407.524,1411.065"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to put out communists is a bad thing that evolve","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1411.065,1416.065"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but again they try to make friends with Chinese now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1416.61,1421.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's is the question why they try to become friends","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1422.826,1427.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the Chinese while the but then communists that is evil.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1427.373,1432.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the only question is (speaking faintly) is confident","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1433.41,1437.846"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was dripped with the Russian flag, why?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1437.846,1440.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I haven't heard that last point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1444.772,1447.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It must've been somebody who snuck","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1447.31,1448.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the middle of the night.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1448.37,1450.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I have said that in Vietnam that is instead","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1450.1,1452.255"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of (speaking faintly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1452.255,1454.357"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Maybe it was a Taiwanese doctored photograph.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1454.357,1457.049"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1457.049,1458.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know. I can't, I sorry to be facetious.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1458.54,1461.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have not heard that night.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1461.16,1463.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's beyond my comprehension that actually took place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1463.09,1466.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so I would be interested","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1466.75,1469.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in knowing the reason if someone else does.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1469.0,1471.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To answer your first question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1471.58,1473.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you go back, you may remember","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1473.17,1475.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that during the last campaign Reagan said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1475.22,1479.006"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what the Chinese on the Mainland took to be threats","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1479.006,1484.006"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of the United States should reevaluate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1487.24,1491.339"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the relations with Taiwan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1491.339,1493.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think the Chinese today in the Mainland","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1493.883,1498.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would say that that Reagan has gone back on some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1500.32,1505.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the promises that the Carter administration made","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1505.58,1509.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the previous administration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1509.37,1511.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But nonetheless, Reagan has many reasons to try to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1511.04,1516.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"improve Chinese relations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1519.52,1521.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If for no other reason,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1521.91,1523.066"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that if every Chinese could wear a pair portal Levi's,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1523.066,1528.066"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the mills of San Francisco would run forever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1528.89,1532.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I mean is that there's potential economic profits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1532.76,1535.838"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be made.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1535.838,1537.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in particular,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1537.97,1539.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in areas that the United States has a special expertise","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1539.21,1542.454"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in oil exploration, nuclear energy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1542.454,1545.981"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's some potential benefits there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1545.981,1549.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That would be one reason.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1551.441,1553.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The other reason would be is that the looking at China","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1553.65,1558.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in relation to the Soviet Union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1560.17,1562.339"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that if you put in very crass political terms,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1562.339,1567.339"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one could see the benefit of the United States playing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1568.07,1572.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as China card and having 45 divisions of Soviet Army","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1572.23,1577.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the Northern Frontier.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1578.87,1580.895"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And also, what one says before one becomes president,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1580.895,1585.895"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what one does is oftentimes quite a bit 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it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1792.84,1794.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you couldn't take it out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1794.49,1796.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's been cases where an American professor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1796.16,1799.221"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had a book translated into the Chinese,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1799.221,1802.628"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he went into a Chinese bookstore to buy it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1802.628,1805.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They wouldn't sell to him because it was Nauvoo.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1805.96,1808.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, anyway, but it goes beyond those cases is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1808.57,1811.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they're the questions that some of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1811.24,1813.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the documents he took were quote and quotes State secrets.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1813.43,1818.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so, again, I don't know that I can answer the question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1819.678,1824.678"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's just a terribly complicated issue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1825.91,1829.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I find is that when I read Mosher,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1829.64,1832.125"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is when I read \"Battlefield\" by Bernstein,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1832.125,1836.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that the overall impression that I got was one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1836.73,1841.518"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of cynicism, which gives a terribly one-sided view","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1841.518,1845.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what's going on in China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1845.09,1846.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the other hand, when you read, if you can read it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1846.99,1849.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not as a sweeping judgment Chinese society,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1850.98,1854.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but how certain individuals and families are affected,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1854.15,1858.069"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's a lot of truth to it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1858.069,1859.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, a lot of what \"Battlefield\" said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1859.78,1863.499"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I experienced a lot of what Mosher writes about is true.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1863.499,1868.499"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, again, it's a personal account.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1873.35,1876.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's not a scholarly research paper.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1876.8,1879.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so it's not footnoted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1879.01,1881.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As a matter of fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1881.12,1882.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of the criticisms of him,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1882.84,1884.709"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that he didn't protect one particular source.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1884.709,1888.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Before he published this book,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1889.24,1892.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he published an article in a Taiwan Newspaper","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1892.57,1896.742"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about population control, including pictures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1896.742,1900.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one of his pictures in the book is a woman","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1900.423,1903.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in her seventh or eighth month undergoing an abortion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1903.36,1907.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the book, her face is blocked out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1908.46,1911.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in the Taiwan article it wasn't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1911.66,1914.244"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know if it's there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1914.244,1918.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e So, I know now dilly. I know they'll find.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1918.773,1919.606"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Doesn't mean (speaking faintly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1919.606,1924.606"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You're right, because one of first point is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1965.334,1969.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that one of the criticisms that many foreigners make is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1969.103,1972.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they're very isolated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1972.91,1974.489"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even the long-term residents isolated in foreign ghettos,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1974.489,1978.145"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more or less than the contacts are fairly limited.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1978.145,1981.996"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For the most part,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1981.996,1983.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my contacts were not representative Chinese society","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1983.61,1987.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was urban academics essentially.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1987.49,1990.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so a lot of the opinions I would form,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1990.77,1995.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would be through their viewpoints,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1995.5,1997.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not a lot of them had had experience in the countryside.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=1997.31,2000.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I had come from other parts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2000.44,2002.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of China was their interpretation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2002.33,2005.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I found that Chinese as a whole","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2011.818,2016.739"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were terribly misinformed about Americans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2016.739,2020.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then I would presume probably","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2021.71,2023.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about other Western countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2023.22,2025.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I did make a number of friends,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2025.883,2029.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a number of close friends","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2029.27,2031.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I think that I had many","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2031.01,2033.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and long extended frank discussions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2033.69,2036.945"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And just to give you one example is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2036.945,2040.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I can remember talking to a young Chinese","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2040.42,2044.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in his 20s who was fairly sophisticated,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2044.453,2049.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was they read time each week cover to cover,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2050.053,2054.462"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who had not heard of the Beatles and the image","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2054.462,2059.462"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the Chinese have of the United 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Oregon's,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2073.62,2075.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through People's Daily and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2075.37,2078.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the Chinese have one side of views of America,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2078.94,2082.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just like Americans have one side of views of China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2082.69,2086.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that common.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2086.51,2088.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I came back through those nationalistic sometimes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2090.537,2093.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Chinese have a view of America as a racist society","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2094.504,2099.504"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and their image of race relations goes back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2101.51,2104.766"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to pre 1950 in the days.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2104.766,2109.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, they practically think that lynchings still go on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2110.49,2115.011"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they really have completely off on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2115.011,2118.358"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that in many other areas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2118.358,2120.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so it's very 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area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2137.028,2140.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I found some Chinese who had never been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2140.97,2142.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the United 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States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2146.241,2148.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stayed here for two years and went back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2148.48,2150.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Feelings about Russians was hard to 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coming","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2163.441,2166.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the first time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2166.563,2169.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think two or three were coming to Nanda where I 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Japan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2179.962,2183.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Their view of Japan is quite mixed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2186.23,2190.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tremendous admiration for Japanese technology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2191.57,2195.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japanese economic growth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2196.79,2198.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the wounds of the war are still there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2199.56,2203.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And Nanjing especially had bad memories of the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2203.85,2208.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when I was there was a whole textbook issue was up to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2215.63,2219.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so the Chinese were able to pull up pictures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2219.03,2221.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the 1940s and put them up all over the town","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2221.85,2226.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to trim up support for their position.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2226.4,2231.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I have a question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2233.876,2235.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Please.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2235.27,2236.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I have a question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2236.103,2237.287"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e But a long answer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2237.287,2238.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I think he spoke it out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2238.43,2240.046"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e How gone is it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2240.046,2241.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Click the increased possibilities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2241.39,2243.904"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for individual families to increase their,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2243.904,2248.272"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out there to involve production price,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2248.272,2251.744"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what's the possibility that these maybe in conflict","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2251.744,2254.847"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of income distribution between families","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2254.847,2258.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if so how would China focus on that situation?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2258.76,2261.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And drum straight up between them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2261.83,2264.057"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. First of all, I heard once I got","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2265.274,2268.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the living standards,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2268.04,2268.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was gonna make the point and I had to skip over.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2268.873,2271.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is if you look at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2271.03,2273.112"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the urban countryside income differential,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2273.112,2278.112"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's narrowed late '19, or '78, '79,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2278.52,2283.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"urban residents made about four times what peasants did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2285.354,2290.354"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's about three times now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2290.42,2292.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there's significant economic differences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2292.08,2294.974"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you're right, is that one of the costs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2294.974,2299.974"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the new across responsibility system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2300.208,2303.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is significant income differentials","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2303.2,2305.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"among a cultural regions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2305.62,2307.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where I was, was extremely wealthy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2307.38,2310.221"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not only is it very fertile,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2310.221,2313.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of water, get a lot of crops in each year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2313.09,2316.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's also close to Shanghai, Nanjing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2316.76,2319.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other major cities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2319.26,2320.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was easy for peasants to sell their vegetables","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2320.51,2324.008"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the free market.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2324.008,2325.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You get into other areas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2327.918,2331.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The opportunities for improvement are very limited","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2333.83,2337.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because one major problem is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2337.7,2339.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Chinese transportation system is still so horrendous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2339.5,2344.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that if you're living away from major areas,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2344.02,2347.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's very difficult to get produce in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2347.1,2349.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from where you're producing it into a city,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2349.36,2350.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where presumably would get a much higher price.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2350.86,2353.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, how they're going to address it, I don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2353.81,2356.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I was there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2358.69,2359.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they kept just telling the peasants to get rich.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2359.523,2361.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it was the crass sense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2364.405,2365.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of it was a bit overwhelming at times.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2365.44,2368.209"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there wasn't a concern at that time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2368.209,2372.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about greater income inequalities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2372.53,2377.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I presume what that means is they're willing to accept them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2377.34,2382.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What are the limits are?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2383.05,2384.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What you do find though,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2384.29,2385.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that oftentimes particularly, well-off peasants","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2385.8,2390.202"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in an area are forced to share their wealth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2390.202,2394.447"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actually their wealth with their neighbors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2394.447,2397.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so, again, thinking that maybe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2397.01,2399.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these cycles will come back again","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2399.34,2401.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that there'll be another cognitive drive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2401.37,2405.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so you find situations where peasants feel","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2405.67,2409.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that their living room has it become","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2409.24,2411.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the public TV viewing area,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2411.69,2414.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that they have to throw a feast for their neighbors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2414.14,2417.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and share their particular wealth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2417.36,2419.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So among the many peasants themselves,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2419.36,2421.428"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're very concerned with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2421.428,2422.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the problems there will be the limited ability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2424.08,2429.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to spend this higher income,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2430.4,2432.547"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that there's severe problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2432.547,2435.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first things I mentioned,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2435.04,2436.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of the first things they'll do is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2436.05,2437.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they can build a new home,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2437.27,2440.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you're finding problems then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2440.08,2442.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of impinging upon cultivated land,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2442.06,2445.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which has already been declining over time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2445.04,2448.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there's gonna be shortages of building materials,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2448.17,2451.497"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"certainly shortages of basic consumer goods","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2451.497,2455.051"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the countryside.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2455.051,2457.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I really can't answer that question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2458.879,2461.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e What if times where (indistinct) comes up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2462.733,2465.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I will talk to you if you want to come up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2465.36,2467.306"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e We don't have the time(speaking faintly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2467.306,2469.272"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2469.272,2472.272"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well done. That was really good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=2480.033,2482.7"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22911/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/911/original/AV203396_Economic_and_Social_Change_in_Post_Mao_China_b.vtt?1613512208","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/911/original/AV203396_Economic_and_Social_Change_in_Post_Mao_China_b.vtt?1613512208"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22912","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203396_Economic_and_Social_Change_in_Post_Mao_China_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825/transcript/22912/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- That in the cities. There's no very little freedom to modify cropping plans. What the team does in order to use the capital equipment that is available in the most efficient manner generally, we'll specify when planning and harvesting times are for the best use of the machinery. There's no land buying and selling, except that I've heard just, this is unofficial information. I received a letter from a friend in China who said that spare meeting with a situation of farmers who aren't doing very good renting their land to other farmers, which would be a significant change, but still no land buying or selling. And furthermore important in many respects and said, farmers can't move there for all practical purposes stuck in the village in which they're born, except for women who may move to the next village when they get married. But that might be the extent of migration. Anyway, if we look at the result of this is that there have been significant improvements that grain production increased in a rate of 89% the last couple of years, compared with that 2% or 3% that I mentioned before. But most importantly, what we find is not the grain is improved in so much, but other products in particular, cotton and various kinds of oil crops swiping and peanuts have an increasing at a rate of about 25% a year. And so what we find is that the it cost output now is increasing about 5% to 6%, which is, may not sound much compared to 2% or 3% before, but compounds over time, that will result in very significant advances. But again, if you weigh it against industrial output, which is increasing a 10% is still puts a culture in a certain context. Another one, let me go on to another change. And that is population control. You probably know that the Chinese have a very severe population control program that at one time, a few years ago, '78, '79 and 1980, the goal was to lower the population growth rate from 1.2% to 0.5% by 1985 and to zero by the year 2000. Well, again, a few words of background is that Chinese didn't start population control in 1978 with Deng Xiaoping , but it really goes back a long period. If you look at the decade before 1950, population growth, wasn't a problem in China, the population growth rate in China, the annual population growth rate was 1/5 of 1%, high death rates, lots of wars, famines and everything. And even though the birth rate was very high, the death rate was nearly as high and we had a check malthusian check more or less on population growth, but after the founding the PRC, there was a dramatic drop in the death rate under the Communists Instituted Basic Nutrition and Healthcare, death rates dropped down. Birth rates remained the same and all of a sudden we have a population problems. And so that by '52 '53, the population growth rate is 2%. There were feeble attempts to start a population control program in the mid 50s, but it was primarily seen as a program for healthcare in particular for women, the population control efforts, family planning was instituted through the public health ministry, and it was really to improve the livelihood of women for the most part. The cultural was neglected forward, and in the late 50s essentially did away with the population problem by saying that there was a problem of shortage of labor and how could there be a population problem, if there's a shortage of labor. However, there were efforts to improve production of contraceptives and various educational techniques on family planning. What we find through the 60s is again, a gradual improvement in the ability of the Chinese to produce oral contraceptives. As a matter of fact, Carl Djerassi who was think at Stanford, is the father of the birth control pill, was in China in the late 1970s. And looking at Chinese efforts at birth control said that it was unsurpassed in the third world, that the Chinese ability to produce contraceptives themselves had gone from the research stage to production stage. And that was combined during the cultural revolution with tying population control to the countryside, before this was primarily an urban phenomenon. Anyway, what we find beginning of 1973, and I think this is significant because it came during the gang of four period in 1973, '74, the Chinese took a different view of population control and said that population growth is related to economic growth in both has to be planned together. And for the most part, that's essentially what Deng Xiaoping for modernizations, the one-child policy in recent years has also done is taking that a few. What's changed in the post-modern period in 1978 in their fourth, is the greater effort in the countryside and also stipulating limits on how fast population control and then trying to institute measures to ensure that various kinds of incentives and disincentives coming up finally with a population law 1979, The one-child policy and then the marriage law in 1981. And then the marriage law, it's kinda interesting it kinda reiterate what was in the 1950 marriage law, but also says two important things. One is that it's the duty of a Chinese citizen to practice family planning. And so that once family planning is not a private matter in China, it's a public duty. And furthermore it's sets out that younger generations are responsible for the care of older generations, meaning that children have to provide for their retired parents. Anyway, I wanna go off and just a bit of my attention here, but trying to pull well, I just sat together looking at the responsibility system and the family planning system, because I think one of the consequences, and I think this is one of the gray areas, and I think the greatest area in China, and that is the impact of these programs on the role of peasant women. And I think this is probably the single most important problem facing China now. And I don't wanna exaggerate that it's a time bomb the countryside, but there's very serious consequences there that have been coming up. If you look at the positive side of what's going on in terms of women in the countryside, and again, we're talking about the countryside with 80% of the population. So we're not talking about situation like the United States. One, if you remember that people can't move and two, that there is no pension system in the countryside. And this puts what I say in perspective, if you look at the positive side of what's been going on, is it as I'll mention, just very briefly incomes rising fairly dramatically in the countryside. And to the extent of the family's income increases, the women's income increases, and there should be more amenities, better food and so forth. To the extent that husbands get sideline jobs, get to take care of the fisheries, get a job in the factory, women kinda responsible for farming. And I remember one case that I came across as it was one of the model cases and revolutionary tourism was still taking place in 1983, but it was a case where it was this very fluent Chinese peasant family that had just built this big new home and had a new radio and a tape recorder and even a television set. And it was a case where husband had gotten a job in a village factory, and the woman was responsible for the plot. She was the responsible person and was making more money than her husband, certainly an exception to the law in China. Also, if you looked at her, I guess their age was at 14, she was 30 years old. So it was not an easy life, but nonetheless, they were making high income. The other positive thing is that opening up sidelines in the countryside, give women greater opportunities for earning income. But to the negative side, and I think this is where the serious consequences are. What essentially happens with the agricultural responsibility system is to diminish the role of socialization welfare services in the countryside. And not that there were widespread childcare centers, pension plans, and so forth before, but nonetheless, what they call social responsibility system does is to pretty well making possible for these things to develop. So what you have essentially is that women in the countryside live a double day. Women work in the fields during the day, and in the very early mornings and evenings do their family job, if you will. And I think if you want an example of this, if you read the Mosher's book on rural women, he has a perfect example. Perfect a lot of examples actually, but, and so one of the problems is that a tremendous burden has been placed on women. It's not placed on men, Chinese men do not come home and wash the dishes, and sew the clothing, and so forth, it's the women and men oftentimes will have a leisurely, a smoke or a conversation with their friends, but they're not working till 9:00 or 10:00 at night. Another one is that what essentially has happened is that childbirth has become a publicly controlled decision, with publicly controlled enforcement. And so what you have occurring the countryside is on the one hand increasing the private sector, to the extent that there's greater household participation in production. On the other hand, you have increasing public control, in this case, public control of the size of the family and childbearing. Another problem, and these are the ones you've probably most familiar with, is that what's happened in recent years, is that in trying to bring the population growth down, I should've mentioned that the population growth did fall dramatically in the 1970s from about 2% down to 1.2%, but in the last few years, it started to tick back up. And it's about, let's say 1.4% now. So what you have now is that the government officials in the countryside, now have built into their evaluation system of their performance and the accounting of how well the production teams in their area do population control. And so in one example, I saw a Norwegian province, a government official could earn a possible 800 points, which would pin upon how much income that person earned. And 100 of those 800 points dealt with if the area of the village made a population control or not in quote. And you can imagine the pressure that this leads to cadres putting pressure on women. And again, Steve Mosher's book is probably the best example of this, of involuntary abortion, sometimes eighth month, involuntary sterilization women. And also again, Mosher is very good about this particular point about the ideological work that's done to convince women to have an abortion, that essentially bringing pregnant women into public meetings, 10 to 20 times if necessary, to convince them to have an abortion. Finally, another serious concern is that what we find too essentially, is that families, men and in-laws are punishing women for having the wrong reproduction. If a woman has in particular, a young girl baby, we hear about cases of female and pan aside, we hear about cases of wife beating abandonment, divorce. These have all been well reported, and I don't need to go into any more detail. Okay. To go on. Okay. To another major change. I'm already see that I'm at the end of the time that I'd spent for this, that I had allocated myself before questions. So these I have to go through this next couple of points fairly quickly. One I wanted to talk about was improvement in living standards in the countryside, it has been fairly dramatic. Chinese peasants have essentially doubled their income from 1979, 1983, a doubling of income four or five years, four years is very significant. But remember that even in 1983, the per capita income of a Chinese peasant was $150 a year, $12 a month. Okay. What has happened? What have the Chinese peasants done with this additional income? Clearly new housing. If you look at the statistics, the Chinese are increasing housing, the countryside there is like 5% or 6%. If you're in wealthy areas, as I was Guangzhou province, the rate has to approach 10%. So what essentially the Chinese do is to run out and build a new house as soon as they have additional income. The other thing you find is that there hasn't been much of an improvement in grain consumption or vegetable consumption, but there's been an increase in meat consumption. Now to give you an idea of what was like in 1983, to be a peasant. Let me give you, if you were a Chinese peasant, you would have about 11 pounds of rice a week to eat. You would have about five pounds of vegetables. You would have about 1/3 of a pound of meat. So even though there has been relatively dramatic improvement in meat consumption, it's still not much more than 1/4 pound. The other changes have been in consumer durables, a doubling in the rate of bicycle ownership, doubling the rate of radios, doubling in the rate of watches. But if you compare what peasants have with city residents, it's 1/10 respective rates. And I think the best thing to clarify what's going on is that I had this comment made to me in visiting communist. The peasants hoped that equal responsibility system will last for five years. And after that, they weren't so concerned. In five years, they can earn enough income to buy a bicycle, to buy a watch of the adults in the house, to buy radio, possibly a sewing machine. That's was their aspirations. Once those were met, they would be content. In the urban areas, income has increased, but not quite as fast. Income has been increasing about 8% a year. But if you look at workers in state factories, which are the highest paid in China, higher paid in many university professors, actually, there was essentially no salary increase from the middle 50s to the late 1970s. Recently it's increased by 8% to 9% a year. Housing increased, but one area where urban residents are worse off than country residents is that the housing space per person is about one 1/2 in the city as it is in the countryside. But it's still not very great. Urban residents have about five square meters of space per person. To give you a notion of how much better off urban workers are, is that a typical family will have one and a half bikes, Will have a radio, have a TV set. Every other family has a TV set. Most likely we'll have a sewing machine and mostly adults will have watches. Give you another example, if you just look at the people that I taught with at Nanjing university, it really made a big difference upon your age essentially, in your rank, if you're a young assistant professor essentially, unmarried, you lived in a dormitory room, the same size of the dormitory room. You lived in as a student, but you had two people in the room instead of six or eight. And you made about $20 a month. If you were an associate professor, most likely you had a two room apartment in an older building, that you may or may not have had a TV set. You had a radio and so forth. If you were one of the two department leaders, you got when the new apartment buildings that the university had constructed, which had an indoor toilet, but not hot water. And if you're an hand-off faculty member, you did see pretty much over the last few years. There's more goods available in the vegetable markets. No cotton ration, essentially give it as much grain as you want. Most everyone had bicycles. Just to go on very quickly. I was gonna mention about higher education. Essentially the Chinese are trying to establish an educational system that we recognized during the cultural revolution, higher education was closed down, started up again in the early 1970s, but it wasn't until last couple of years, that such things as degrees, bringing students in on the basis of merit, rather than political appointment, that no labor was required of students or faculty that you can have courses in english and math and economic planning, business management. The students I taught were in the world economy group, which is the equivalent of comparative becoming assistants here. They have courses in Western Economic Theory, which was Samuelson's 8th Edition translated. They had questions in economic history of capitalist countries. The students in economic management essentially, our business management were taking courses in managerial economics, which is as far as I can tell would be very similar to Managerial Economic books in the United States. There's night time courses, TV courses, so on. Relations with foreigners was another point again, I just mentioned that and we go on. Let me just tick off things that haven't changed. China is not democracy. China is not a free market economy. There is no very little individual expression, Xenophobia still exists. The party is still dominant. While Deng Xiaoping may, will accept some market influences in the economy. You certainly doesn't grant political liberties and freedoms. Political campaigns still go on. There was one, Anti-Spiritual Pollution, just a couple of months ago. The role of sex among Chinese youth is by practically any standard in America is intolerable. And regardless of your religious values, it's still a centralized society. Anyway, let me kinda stop and skip my conclusion too, because I want to leave time for plenty of questions. Let me just conclude with a brief comment. And that is that I wanted to convey to you that things have changed in China, but in China is neither all good now or all bad, depending upon your perspective. There's still insignificant disparities between peasants and workers, disparities between university professors and factory workers. There's disparities between leaders in the lead and improvements are coming, but they're coming slowly. And that, we shouldn't really expect that overnight within a period of four or five years, that there can be a radical change in society. Changes have been put in motion that may or may not continue if Deng Xiaoping would suddenly die. And he's nearly 80 years old, is somewhat questionable about the momentum of the current changes. I guess I would argue that there's significant support among peasants and among certain elements in the cities that there would not be a reversal to what we saw during the cultural revolution. But nonetheless, if Deng Xiaoping did not last much longer, there well could be a lot of infighting among the remaining leaders that would result in a slow down the momentum. And then the reversal a few of the trends. Well, let me stop there. And I'm sorry. I took as long as I did and I had to rush through a few points, but I would be very happy to take any questions. There was one question before I started in that was about Hong Kong. I think that's off limits.\r\n\r\n- Can I ask a question?\r\n\r\n- Yes.\r\n\r\n- I hear that pressure to put out communists is a bad thing that evolve but again they try to make friends with Chinese now. That's is the question why they try to become friends with the Chinese while the but then communists that is evil. Now the only question is is confident was dripped with the Russian flag, why?\r\n\r\n- I haven't heard that last point. It must've been somebody who snuck in the middle of the night.\r\n\r\n- I have said that in Vietnam that is instead of\r\n\r\n- Maybe it was a Taiwanese doctored photograph.\r\n\r\n- I don't know. I can't, I sorry to be facetious. I have not heard that night. It's beyond my comprehension that actually took place. And so I would be interested in knowing the reason if someone else does. To answer your first question. If you go back, you may remember that during the last campaign Reagan said, what the Chinese on the Mainland took to be threats in terms of the United States should reevaluate the relations with Taiwan. And I think the Chinese today in the Mainland would say that that Reagan has gone back on some of the promises that the Carter administration made in the previous administration. But nonetheless, Reagan has many reasons to try to improve Chinese relations. If for no other reason, is that if every Chinese could wear a pair portal Levi's, the mills of San Francisco would run forever. What I mean is that there's potential economic profits to be made. And in particular, in areas that the United States has a special expertise in oil exploration, nuclear energy, there's some potential benefits there. That would be one reason. The other reason would be is that the looking at China in relation to the Soviet Union, that if you put in very crass political terms, one could see the benefit of the United States playing as China card and having 45 divisions of Soviet Army on the Northern Frontier. And also, what one says before one becomes president, and what one does is oftentimes quite a bit different and Reagan is a practical man. And what advantages would there be to taking a hotspot position to China? He, you know, you could say the same thing about his position on certain domestic issues, abortions, and so forth. And one tends to treat those a little bit less dull medically once you're president than before.\r\n\r\n- Present time intentions that matters is open before I ever got a great review, I just wondered if you wondered so by being thesis and principal then for documentation and of course a leader and then you said with others used...\r\n\r\n- I think there have been some rave reviews in the Wall Street Journal, New York times, probably the greatest area right now, at least among China, the people that are interested in China is Steve Mosher's book, it's a terribly complicated issue. Steve Mosher was a Stanford Anthropologist graduate student who was when the first American to go to China, '79 in 1980, obviously very bright. And he also spoke Cantonese, which was the dialect where he was doing his research. And even by the Chinese officials comment, they were surprised at anyone to speak Chinese so well and understand Chinese culture so well in such a short time and being in the country. The problem comes up is that there's been questions about his research techniques of the charges. I guess we really don't know what the charges are. It became international issue where Xiao Yang, contacted high delegations United States contacted Stanford, Stanford undertook an investigation and threw him out of the PhD program. There's a document 50 page document that lists the charges and Stanford refused to release that information. And so he has to protect third parties for one and Mosher also has it. And so we really don't know all the details, but one of the things that we do know is that when he went into China in 1979, he was married to a Hong Kong Chinese woman whose family came from the village or from the area that he was doing his research. And that Mosher is apparently very good, very forthright, and very aggressive about seeking out contacts, gaining information, and that there were not very good about protecting his sources of information. There's also, he had $20,000 to microfilm documents. And if you've been in China or probably read about China, practically, anything is sensitive. The city that I lived in the local newspaper was what's called Nauvoo meant that cannot be taken out and by foreigners, you could buy on the street and read it, but you couldn't take it out. There's been cases where an American professor had a book translated into the Chinese, and he went into a Chinese bookstore to buy it. They wouldn't sell to him because it was Nauvoo. Well, anyway, but it goes beyond those cases is that they're the questions that some of the documents he took were quote and quotes State secrets. And so, again, I don't know that I can answer the question. It's just a terribly complicated issue. What I find is that when I read Mosher, is when I read \"Battlefield\" by Bernstein, is that the overall impression that I got was one of cynicism, which gives a terribly one-sided view of what's going on in China. On the other hand, when you read, if you can read it, not as a sweeping judgment Chinese society, but how certain individuals and families are affected, there's a lot of truth to it. I mean, a lot of what \"Battlefield\" said, I experienced a lot of what Mosher writes about is true. Now, again, it's a personal account. It's not a scholarly research paper. And so it's not footnoted. As a matter of fact, one of the criticisms of him, is that he didn't protect one particular source. Before he published this book, he published an article in a Taiwan Newspaper about population control, including pictures. And one of his pictures in the book is a woman in her seventh or eighth month undergoing an abortion. In the book, her face is blocked out, and in the Taiwan article it wasn't. I don't know if it's there\r\n\r\n- So, I know now dilly. I know they'll find.\r\n\r\n- Doesn't mean\r\n\r\n- You're right, because one of first point is that one of the criticisms that many foreigners make is that they're very isolated. Even the long-term residents isolated in foreign ghettos, more or less than the contacts are fairly limited. For the most part, my contacts were not representative Chinese society was urban academics essentially. And so a lot of the opinions I would form, would be through their viewpoints, not a lot of them had had experience in the countryside. And I had come from other parts of China was their interpretation. I found that Chinese as a whole were terribly misinformed about Americans. And then I would presume probably about other Western countries. I did make a number of friends, a number of close friends that I think that I had many and long extended frank discussions. And just to give you one example is that I can remember talking to a young Chinese in his 20s who was fairly sophisticated, was they read time each week cover to cover, who had not heard of the Beatles and the image that the Chinese have of the United States is greatly influenced by the information they get through Central Oregon's, through People's Daily and so forth. And the Chinese have one side of views of America, just like Americans have one side of views of China, and that common. I came back through those nationalistic sometimes, the Chinese have a view of America as a racist society and their image of race relations goes back to pre 1950 in the days. I mean, they practically think that lynchings still go on and they really have completely off on that in many other areas. And so it's very limited. On the other hand, I found they were always very eager to talk about United States, and we're always very curious. And it's a very complex area. I found some Chinese who had never been to the United States, who had a better understanding of what was going on than some Chinese who came to the United States, stayed here for two years and went back. Feelings about Russians was hard to tell. They really didn't say too much, this year they were going to be some Russian students coming for the first time. I think two or three were coming to Nanda where I was, maybe a dozen all together. And they really didn't have too much to say about Russians per say. They had a lot to say about Japan. Their view of Japan is quite mixed, tremendous admiration for Japanese technology, Japanese economic growth, but the wounds of the war are still there. And Nanjing especially had bad memories of the war. And when I was there was a whole textbook issue was up to, and so the Chinese were able to pull up pictures from the 1940s and put them up all over the town to trim up support for their position.\r\n\r\n- I have a question.\r\n\r\n- Please.\r\n\r\n- I have a question.\r\n\r\n- But a long answer\r\n\r\n- I think he spoke it out.\r\n\r\n- How gone is it?\r\n\r\n- Click the increased possibilities for individual families to increase their, out there to involve production price, what's the possibility that these maybe in conflict in terms of income distribution between families and if so how would China focus on that situation? And drum straight up between them.\r\n\r\n- Yeah. First of all, I heard once I got to the living standards, I was gonna make the point and I had to skip over. It is if you look at the urban countryside income differential, that's narrowed late '19, or '78, '79, urban residents made about four times what peasants did. It's about three times now. So there's significant economic differences. And you're right, is that one of the costs of the new across responsibility system, is significant income differentials among a cultural regions. Where I was, was extremely wealthy. Not only is it very fertile, a lot of water, get a lot of crops in each year, but it's also close to Shanghai, Nanjing, and other major cities, was easy for peasants to sell their vegetables on the free market. You get into other areas. The opportunities for improvement are very limited because one major problem is that Chinese transportation system is still so horrendous. And that if you're living away from major areas, it's very difficult to get produce in from where you're producing it into a city, where presumably would get a much higher price. Now, how they're going to address it, I don't know. When I was there, they kept just telling the peasants to get rich. And it was the crass sense of it was a bit overwhelming at times. And there wasn't a concern at that time about greater income inequalities. I presume what that means is they're willing to accept them. What are the limits are? What you do find though, is that oftentimes particularly, well-off peasants in an area are forced to share their wealth, actually their wealth with their neighbors. And so, again, thinking that maybe these cycles will come back again and that there'll be another cognitive drive. And so you find situations where peasants feel that their living room has it become the public TV viewing area, and that they have to throw a feast for their neighbors and share their particular wealth. So among the many peasants themselves, they're very concerned with it. One of the problems there will be the limited ability to spend this higher income, is that there's severe problems. The first things I mentioned, one of the first things they'll do is if they can build a new home, but you're finding problems then of impinging upon cultivated land, which has already been declining over time. And there's gonna be shortages of building materials, certainly shortages of basic consumer goods in the countryside. So I really can't answer that question.\r\n\r\n- What if times where comes up.\r\n\r\n- I will talk to you if you want to come up.\r\n\r\n- We don't have the time Well done. That was really good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36668/file/105825#t=0.0,2487.192"}]}]}]}